Aung San Hodah That (Booklet)

Adapted from

SHELBY TUCKERrsquoS A HEROrsquoS DEATH in his book

BURMA THE CURSE OF INDEPENDENCE

Bogyoke A

bySALAI C ALEXANDER

Aung SanHodah A That

RIHANNA

A Girl Like Me track 3

228576

eng - MUSIC HOUR

Biahmai`hi 1

Dal Khatnak 3

Aung San Lunglennak 3

Aung San le A Huatu Kawl Phun`anh Pawl 4

Kawl Phun`anh Pawl an Thawhkeh Ning 9

Aung San Chan Lio Rak Uarmi Cauk le Ruahnak 12

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal 16

Aung San Lainawnnak amp A Ralkap Pawl 20

Mi Bocal Aung San 24

Dal Hnihnak A Thattu Kong Mipi Theihtermi 27

Dal Thumnak Aho Cu Dah A That Hnga 36

Annotated Bibliography 58

1Biahmai`hi

Holh aa dang dihmi miphunpi phun riat khuasak`inak ding ram

Kawlram ah rawnmi le tlangcungmi hna sinah hnatlaknak le rualremnak

a rak ser hmasa biktu Kawlram Federal Union caah pa bik Aung

San cu July 19 1947 ni ah Mirang hmancop Galon U Saw nih a thah tiah

Kawlram mi zapi nih hngalh a si Siang ngakchia nih siangca ah cawn a si

i cauk in siseh Kawlram cachuak mi paoh nih Mirang nih an fialmi U Saw

nih a thah tiah an `ial dih U Saw kong bia an rak ceih lio caan ah Palik

ngiahlaitu lei in a bawi bik Tun Hla Oung fapa Kin Oung [Australia pemmi]

nih ldquoWho Killed Aung Sanrdquo tiin cauk a chuah U Saw nih a thah bak ko ti

a langhter nain U Saw lawng asi lo Mirang an i tel cun Ne Win le [U Nu

zong aa tel kho men] adangdang zong an i tel kho tihi a pomning asi

Sihmanhsehlaw hipa bia hi Shelby Tucker nihcun a pom thlu kho dih lo

Hipa nakin felfai deuh in a kherhlaitikah

Zei a va si pekah `ha tein von ruah cio set ahcun Mirang fial rak siseh

law U Saw nihcun a hei thah khawh fawn cang ko ung i zeicahdah Kawlram

cu Mirang nihcun an lak `han kun lo Kawl nih Mirang a rak tei khawhnak

ding cu sullam zong a ngei lo i uk chap rih an duh tham ah Aung San va

thah theng cu an hau hnga maw Mirang nih Kawlram cu luatnak [zalennak]

pek dingin a hnatlakmi a si cang ko caah acu Aung San va thah theng cu an

caah santlaihnak a ngei hnga maw

Aung San chuahkehnak hrihhram kherhlai tikah Asho-Chin a si ko

tiah Dr Htun Than nih cun a chim [Chinland Guardian ah hmuh khawh

asi] Hi a chuahkehnak hrihhram le a nupi Daw Khin Kyi cu Karen miphun

a sinak hoihna hi a thihnak he pehtlaihnak a ngei hnga maw Aung San te

chan lio ahhin Kawl upa le an cathiam hna lakah a luar tukin mah phun

lawng a anhmi ldquofanatic nationalistrdquo an tam lingcing te a si An phungki hrim

nih rak cawnpiak hna kaw ldquoKawl phun Kawl ca Kawl Biaknak lawngrdquo tiin

ruahnak bi lam a zulmi an rak tam tuk Dr Maung Maung zong nih hi lio

2caan i Kawl phun`anh pawl an luar deuhnak kong hi To A Soldier Son timi

a cauk chung zongah a langhter Cucaah Aung San te nupa chuahkehnak

hrihhram hun zoh tikah le Kawl taktak an si fawn `ung lomi hi cu ruah awk

ngai pakhat cu a si ve hnga

A ruat setmi nih U Saw thah bak cun an pom cio lo Zapi hngalh awkin

`ialnak nawl an rak pekmi pa cu Dr Maung Maung a rak si Vawlei minthang

Yale England tehna Netherlands tehna ah fimnak sang a cawngmi pa `ialmi

cu a dik bik hnga lo maw ti awkin a um Asinain Dr Maung Maung hi Ne Win

nih a hmanmi pa a si ti le Kawlram ah Unitary System [Burmanization caah

a `ha bikmi phung] a hmunh khawhnak dingin ai zuammi pa a si ti hi philh

lo awk a si Kawlram kong `ialtu a si vemi journalist Stan Sesser nihcun

ldquoDr Maung Maung cu zumhtlak minung a si lo Ahohmanh zong nih an

zum kho ve ti lordquo1 tiah a ti Kin Oung tu nihcun ldquoDr Maung Maung tham

cu a cawnmi fimnak vialte mi `halo kuttang ah uitlak bantuk in a burh dih

ngamhmi pa pei asi ko curdquo2 tiah a `huat ve

Asinain tehte ldquoevidentrdquo tlamtling khitkhet taktak in hmuh khawh ding

cu Kawlram acozah nih a ih i a khenkham tikah Kawlram kongah ho mithmai

hmanh zoh loin a dikning in a hlathlaitu Shelby Tucker nihhin Aung San

thihnak he aa naih bikmi minung cun a hmuh khawh tawk tehte a kawl

cikcek hnu ah [Kin Oung lila zong bia hal in] U Saw a si lo tihi a langhter

Hi pa ialmi Burma The Curse of Independence timi cauk chungin Chapter

6-nak A Herorsquos Death (page 131-159) chung ta aa tlakning in cahrampi ah

la in areltu lungfian deuhnak dingah Bertil Lintner `ialmi Burma in Revolt

Opium and Insurgency Since 1948 le U Thant tupa Thant Myint-U `ialmi

The River of Lost Footsteps Histories of Burma le adangdang zohchih in

a herhnak ah ka telh chih

Alexander Salai C (October 2007 A Place of Nowhere)

laquoraquolaquoraquolaquoraquolaquoraquolaquoraquolaquoraquo

1 Stan Sesser 1994 211 2 Kin Oung 1996 75

Aung San Hodah A That Salai C Alexander DAL 1-NAK 3

Adapted from Shelby Tuckerrsquos A Herorsquos Death in his book Burma The Curse of Independence

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San a thattu hi amah hawile chung lila in an si

hnga maw tiah mi lung a hrinhter ngaimi thil pakhat

a um Cucu a thih hlanah Kawlram a rak uktu Mirang

bawi sin i a biachim ah a lang Dorman Smithrsquos Papers

ningah cun Aung San nih an thah telainak kong hi i

chimchung sehlaw cuko

A lunglennak kong chim hram a von thawk Lungli

leng in ka um peng ko e tiah a ti Hawikom ngeih

ka duh ngai nain hawikom `ha taktak ka hmu kho

hna lo a ti ldquoMi zapi nih uarmi le zohchunmi si ko

ah zeitindah hawikom cu na ngeih hnga lo irdquo tiah

Dorman Smith nih a hal Aung San nihcun ldquoZapi

uarmi si hi kai tinhmi a si lordquo ati i ldquoka ram luatter

ding lawng ka duhmi a si Zeitluk lungli leng rian

ko dah a rak si e ka rak ruat bal hrim lo murdquo tiah

a chim pah in a ap thluahmah Dorman Smith nih

a hnemh len Nain Aung San cu a lung a zuur tuk

ai hnem kho hrim lo ldquoRam caah hruaitu paral`ha

pawl hi caan sau an nguh kho hnga mawrdquo tiah

lungfaak ngai in a hraam ldquoHi ram ahhin cun sau

an nguh hrim lai lo e ral tamtuk kan ngei Kum

thum hi a sau bik ka nguh khawh a si ko lai Kum

khat le cheu chung hmanh ka nung ti lai kaa zum

lordquo tiah Aung San cu a `ap thluahmah3

Aung San chimchung bia nihhin ahodah lainawn tiangin

a ngamh dingmi ldquoa ralrdquo cu an si ti a fianh lo Asinain

a fiang ngaimi cu anmah Kawlmi a hawile chung lila

in asi lai ti khawh asi Hi bia a chim hnu kum khat le

cheu (thla 18) a tlin deuh hlanah an thah cu a hung si

taktak

Aung San ral pawl cu ahote ko dah an si hnga

Ram pumpi nih hruaitu pakhat ah an cohlanmi lawng

si loin Kawl ralkap a dirhtu Kawl ralkap lak i a lu bik

pa thah ngam ding tiangin i timh ngam cu mi sawhsawh

an si hnga lo Cun mi pakhathnih lawng nih khua an

khaang ngam lai lo dah Mithah lainawn ding tiangin

an ngamh hi cu ruahnak aa hrawmmi phu asiloah

khuakhang`i bu cu an rak um hrim ko lai dah

Aung San le A Huatu Kawl Phun`anh Pawl

Phun`anh timi nationalist pawl ahhin kaupi khua a

ruatmi permissive pawl tck Gandhi Aung San tehna

bantuk an um bantuk in kam khatlei ah mah phun telawng

bak a timi ruahnak bi pawl chauvinist asiloah xenophobe

pawl tck Hitler Saddam Hussein bantuk tehna zong

3 Collis 1956270

an rak um ve Kau deuhpi in khuaruat kho pawl hi an

nun khua a sau tawn lo zeicahtiah milu a tam deuhmi

miphun nihhin miphunpi ah an i ruat i milu tlawm

deuh miphun pawl kha dolh an duh hna Hi ruangah

kau deuh ruahnak `ha ngei pawl cu luartuk phun`anh

fanatic nationlist pawl nih kan miphun caah tiin an

thah tawn hna

Vawlei pumpi ti awk tiang dengin laar hram a hun

i thawk hnik cangmi Aung San hi a chan lio i Kawlram

politics ah ram hruaitu le uktu si a duh vemi communists

pawl (Aung San nupi he an nupi le unau a simi

Thakhin Than Tun phu) cun upa deuh ah U Saw Ba

Maw le Tun Oke tbk pawl nih an rem lai lo ti cu a

fiang ngaimi asi Zeicahtiah Aung San cu a no zong a

no rih politics zong a thiam lo tiah an ruah caah asi

Cun Aung San nih a hruaimi AFPFL4 pawl nihhin

minung pakhat nih vawlei kau tuk an ngeihmi tehna hi

remh`han an hau mirum le sifak kan i dang tuk tbk

in an aupi tikah hin mirum lian taktak pawl le vawlei

kaupipi a ngeimi capitalists pawl zong nih an rem lai

lo ti a fiang fawn

Tlangcungmi hna he i daw ngai in Aung San nih

a um lawng si loin an hmailei caah ruahnak kaupi a

ngeihmi hi Kawl nationalist pawl caah cun an hnak a

dohtu bik pakhat a rak si Atlee-Aung San hnatlaknak

Panglong hnatlaknak le FACE5 report tehna hi an rem

ziar lo Ralpi caan lio vial ah Mirang nih hawikom ah an

4 Anti-Facist Peoplersquos

Freedom League

5 Frontier Areas Com-

mission of Enquiry

kan serh i anmah he ral kan tu atu tu ah cun Atlee nih

a kan hlen tiah an ruah Cun AFPFL a bikin Aung

San zong an mawhchiat Aung San le AFPFL sinah

nawlngeihnak pek colh a herh lo anti Hi lio caan ah

Karen pawl sinah mission rian a rak `uanmi Major

Reverend James W Baldwin nih Karen miphun caah

memorandum adang te a timh i Atlee cu a rak kuat Hi

bantuk thil [a bikin Karen nih adang tein independence

laak duhnak] a rak ummi le Aung San nih adangdang

tlangcungmi hna sin zongah mah duhthimnak nawl a

onh tukmi hi an rem lo bikmi cu a si

Hi a rem lotu pawl nihhin Karen anmah bing tein

independence lakding cu a duh in an duh lo Aung San

zong nih adang tein umding [lakterding] cun a siang ve

hna lo Ram i hen nakin mahte uknak nawl tu tling tein

ngeihter federal phun in kalding hi a rak duhpiak hna

Cun Kawlmi nih a hmunkip ah i zarh dih i tlangcungmi

miphun dang hna sinah nawlngeitu bik an vung si te

ding zong a pommi a si lo Cucaah December 8 1946

i an tuahmi Anglo-Burman Council ah hitin piang tein

a chim ldquoMiphun asiloah biaknak thleidannak pakhat

hmanh um loin mi vialte nih anmah le an `hatnak ding

cio caah a tlam a tlin khawh ding ka rian a sirdquo6 Cu a

pomning cu May 23 1947 kum AFPFL civuipi i a biachim

ah piang deuh in a hrilhfiah hna

Miphun biaknak nu le pa sinak asiloah sifak le

mirum sining i dan ruangah thleidannak pakhat

6 Aung San 1946 189

reproduce in Silver-

stein (ed) 1993 148

hmanh um loin mi vialte caah `hatnak taktak an

hmuh khawhnak ding mi pakhat cio nih anmah

le an si khawhning cio in an covo aa ruang tein an

tinco khawh cio dingah cun a dikmi democracy

lawng nih rian a `uan khawh lai Zei bantuk miphun

a si i zei bantuk biaknak a biami a si asiloah nu a

si zong pa a si zong ah rammi vialte nih an co hngami

an tinco khawh cio nakhnga Phunghrampi [Con-

stitution] in kan kilhkamh lai Mizei hmanh nih

Karenhelliptbk pawl hi mitlawm miphun ldquonational

minorityrdquo tiah nautatnak an tuah kho hna lai lohellip

Atu ram thar kan Kawlram thar kan ser

tikah mah lungtho tein aa komhmi Union [feder-

ation] in maw kan ser hnga hranhram hnekchih

in komhmi [cunglei ukmi] Unitary State in dah

Kei ka hmuhning ah cun Unitary State serding hi

cu a si kho lai lo Mah lungtho tein aa komhmi

Union kan ser lai i mi tlawm deuh miphun pawl

covo a hnursuang lo dingmi phung `ha tein kan

ser lai cun an covo zong ha tein kan kilhkamh lai

ldquoI komhnak ah a dir khomirdquo kan si i ldquoi komh `ung

i a tlumirdquo kan si lo ding kan i ralring lai7

Cu hnu zongah Aung San nihcun a thih hlan deuh thla

khat aa duh June 17 1947 ni i phunghram suaitu pawl

he i tonnak constituent assembly zongah ldquoKawlram cu

Mah tein aa ukmi Ramchungtel [Autonomous States]

zong an i tel awk a si ihellip cun hi mitlawm deuh miphun

pawl caah an covo `ha tein kilvenpiak hrimhrim dingrdquo8

7 Ibid 153-4158

8 Letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

tihi a chim `han Cu a biachimnak ah cun tlangcungmi

hna he rualrem tein khua sak`i khawhnak dingah a

biapimi points pasarih a chim A chimmi chungah a

biapimi cu

Rampi komh Union chungah hin mahte aa ukmi

zong an um lai i cu hna cu phunghram hrimhrim

in kilhkamh an si laihellip Phunghram nihcun Rampi

Union chungah a ummi mi vialte caah dinnak

aa ruang dih in biaceihnak a um lai i khuasak

tintuknak chawlehthalnak le ramrian kongah aa

tlukceo dih in dirhmun le covo an ngei lai cun

phung hmai ah cun khuaruah khawhnak mah

pomning langhter khawhnak zumhnak le biaknak

kongah zalennak kan ser lai i mitlawm deuh

miphun hna caah an covo an sungh sual nakhnga

lo phung in kan kilhkamh hna lai9

A thih hnu thla ruk hmanh tlin hlanah Aung San ai a

hun rolhtu pa nihcun Aung San lungput le a chimmi

he ralkah taktak in ldquoKaren Mon Rakhine tbk pawl ca

i Mahte aa ukmi Ramchungtel (Autonomous States)

serding cu zakhat ah zakhat in ka pom lordquo10 tiah ati

Karen pawl nihhin Kawl miphun lakah cun Aung San

pakhat lawng he an caah cohlan awktlak le lungtling te

biaruah khawhnak kan ngei kho lai tihi an hngalhciami

a rak si Aung San zaka ah U Nu nih AFPFL hruaitu ah

a hun chaan tikah hin an caah sunghzatlaknak ding

lawng a taang ko cang tihi Karen pawl nihcun an rak i

9 Silverstein (ed) 1993

10 Anonymous ldquoWho re-

ally killed Aung Sanrdquo

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

Kawl Phun`anh Pawl An Thawhkeh Ning

Maung Htin Aung le Michael A Aung Thwin nih Bri-

tannica 2007 chung an `ialning ah cun Kawl pawl nih

an phun `anhnak hram an i thawk hi Mirang chan lio i

sianginn ah Mirang holh lawngin cacawn a si tikah Kawl

pawl caah ca a rak har Kala (Indian) pawl lawng nih En-

gineering le siilei cawnnak sang ah an rak lut kho rian

an luh tikah Kawl pawl cu rian niam deuh lawng ah an

lut kho cu hmanh ah cun Kala he i zuam a hauh rihmi

tehna an ruah tikah an lung a faak i cucun a hrihhram

an thawk tiah an ti Kawl cheukhat nih England ah Law

an vung cawng i an hung kir han tikah cu hna pawl cu

Kawlmi nih bawi le mifim bik zoh in an zoh hna Cun hi

hna pawl hrihhawhnak in 1906 kum ah YMBA (Young

Menrsquos Buddhist Association) an dirh tiah an ti

1917 an hung phanh tikah GCBA (General Council

of Burmese Associations) an dirh `han Hi nihhin Kawl

phun`anh rian biatak tein `uan hram aa thawk i an mifim

an sihni vialte le an misikho deuh vialte nih tha an pek

pinah an tadinca vialte zong a pumh khawh dih hna

GCBA member a simi phungki chuak U Yar Kyaw timi

pa nih Tharrawaddy pengah Galon Athin timi a thlithup

bu a rak ser Cu Yar Kyaw timi pa cu a hnu ah Saya

San tiah Kawlram phun`anh pawl hrihhram bantuk ah a

min a hung thangmi pa a si Saya San nihhin amah le amah

siangpahrang ka si aa ti i Thupannaka Galuna Raja

timi min (buaih) aa sak A ralkap pawl cu thir tipeeng

le sehbing tube `uk`ak in mahte ser chommi meithal

lilithal le cantiang le feizum in a thuamh hna i chanthar

meithal he thuamhmi Mirang ralkap pawl cu ka doh

hna lai ati11 American professor Lucien W Pye nih a

hmuh hna ningah cun

Saya San nih 1931 i Mirang a rak dohmi nihhin

Kawlram ah siangpahrang phun in uk duhnak

thlaici zungzal a hmunhtertu a si Bedinsaya nih

lam a hruai hna i mit-hleh thiammi seminkyawng

suai thiammi pawl nih an bawmh hna Ya`ra- chi-nak

sii kutken tbk an i bochan i Saya San cu hlan an

siangpahrang bantukin nithawng raangpi tangah

an `hutter Cuticun chanthar meithal nih a kan

teih lai lo tiah an i ruah An cawlcanghnak hi sullam

ngei lo deuh a si i khuaruahhar thlarau nih a kan

bawmh lai ti sawh men in rampi caah luatnak kan

hmu lai tiah an i ruah12

1932 kum i Mirang ralkap nih Saya San dohnak cu an

hun den ciammam hna taktak tikah minung 10000

renglo an thah hna 9000 an tlaih hna i thong an

thlak hna cun 128mdashamah Saya San lila le a bawmtu

hawikom `ha bik pahnih Saya Nyan le Bandaka timi tel

inmdashhri-awk thih dan an tat hna Cu lio ah cun Mirang

lei in hma a pumi 50 hmanh an tling lo Aung San Suu

Kyi nih ldquoHiti Mirang nih an tuahto hna ruangah hin

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

Kawlmi lungthin chungah phun`anhnak a `hawnter

chinchin i an miphun a ingtuarmi hna cungah zaang-

fahnak a karhterrdquo13 tiah a ti

Mirang nih Saya San dohnak an rak den hna lio ahhin

an hmanmi ralkap pawl cu Karen lawngte ngawt an

rak si Vawlei Ralpi Pahnihnak a thawh hlan deuh ah

Mirang ralkap ahhin Kawl 1893 lawng (an milu rup

in) an rak laak hna lioah Karen cu 2797 Kala 2578

Lai (Chin) 1258 le Kachin 852 an rak laak hna 1938

kum i Mandalay ah ram luatnak caah duhlonak an rak

langhter lio zongah Mirang nihcun Kachin ralkap an

hrawhter hna Hi lio caan ah tlangcungmi pawl nih

Kawl cu mi-hrokhrol phun tiin ral zoh in an zoh hna i

zumhtlak lo miphun ah an chiah hna Hitin thil a rak

um tikah Kawl ca`ail thiam pawl nih Mirang nih tlang-

cungmi he an kan thleidan i an kan uk ldquodivide-and-

rulerdquo an rak kan tuah tiah an `ial behnak a si14

Cuticun YMBA le GCBA upa hlun pawl nih ram

kongah biatak deuh in rian a `uan kho dingah tiin cun

aa `hekdarh dih cangmi an bu pahnih hrim funtom

`han dingah tiin Dohbama Asiayone cu rak dirh a si Hi

bu nih a aupimi cu ldquoKawlram cu Kawl miphun caahrdquo

ldquoKawl miphun cu bawi phun kan sirdquo ti tehna an si A

motto ah

Kawlram (Burma) kan ram

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

Kan holh thlircawi u

Kawl miphun nih phun`anhnak lei i an hun i hliphlau

bik caan cu Saya San le a hnuzul [phungki tampi an i tel]

pawl nih Mirang an doh i an minung tamtuk an thih

bak khan a hawng chin lengmang i Dohbama Asiayone

an hun dirh ahhin cun hmailei Kawlram i hruainak ding

kong tiang hmanh khua an khaang cang Kawlram hi

ldquoBurmardquo kan ti lai maw asiloah kanmah Kawl siangpahrang

chan lio kan min ldquoMyanmardquo dah kan hman lai tbk tehna

an i ruah chung cang Cu lawng si lo nihin Kawlram Hla

kan timi zong hi Dohbama Asiayone hla a rak si

Aung San Chan Lio Rak Uarmi Cauk le Ruahnak

Saya San `ialmi cauk an zuarnak in a miak an hmuhmi

phaisa in library pakhat an rak dirh i Communist cauk

le ruahnak pawl hi India le England ram in tampi an rak

luhter Cu cauk pawl cu England i college a kaimi pawl

nih an hun phurh tawn hna Limkeng Sen ldquoNaganirdquo

timi book club Rangoon le hmun dangdang zongah an

ser i communist ruahnak cauk lawngte an luhpimi a si

caah Dohbama pawl le adang Kawl politic phu pawl

cun an chan lio minthang Rangoon University Studentsrsquo

Union [RUSU] tehna tiangin kehlei ruahnak [leftist

thinking] nih a rak runh ngaingai hna

Hi lio caan ah sianghleirun siangngachia bu ah

minthang deuh pawl cu Thakhin Nu Thakhin Aung

San Thakhin Kyaw Nyein Thakhin Thein Pe le Kala

Muslim pa MA Raschid tehna an rak si Communist

bu taktak cun an rak dirh rih lo nain Thakhin Thein Pe

cu India in a hung tlung i August 15 1939 ni ah Barr

Lam Rangoon innkhan hmete pakhat ah Kawl mifim

no deuh pawl he i tonnak an ngei i Communist Party

of Burma [CPB] an rak dirh A dirhtu hna lakah cun

Dohbama chungin siangngakchia hruaitu Thakhin

Aung San Thakhin Thein Pe Thakhin Ba Hein le a

hnu ah Bo Let Ya tiah hngalhmi Thakhin Hla Pe tehna

an i tel Hi communist party ah Aung San cu general

secretary ah an thim Kum sawmthum hmanh a tling

rih lomi Aung San hi Dohbama ah general secretary a

rak `uan lawng si loin Dr Ba Maw nih president a

`uannak Freedom Bloc zongah a dirhtu ah aa telmi a

rak si hiammdashFreedom Bloc cu Nichuahlei [communist

lei] ah bawmhnak hal loin Nitlaklei [Democracy lei] tu

ah bawmhnak hal ding aa timmi phu an si

Tuanbia `ial thiam [historian] pawl nih an `ialning

ahcun Dohbama nih a kalpimi cu phun`anh a si bik ko

nain kehlei ruahning (leftist) le orhlei ruahning (right-

ist) pawl tiin an um caah an i hennak bik a si tiah an puh

Asinain hi ruahnak an pahnih ning tein an pom ko tiah

an ti tawn Thakhin Lay Maung nih 1920 kum siang

ngakchia duhlonak langhternak a voi 16-nak philhlonak

an tuah i hruaitu president dirhmun in a biachim ah

ldquomi zaran sawhsawh in hruaitu dirhmun ah aa chuahmi

Alaungpaya Hitler le Mussolini bianabiardquo pawl a chimh

hna cun ldquoramdang capitalist pawl chuahter dih i

Russia bantuk daan (policy) ser dinginrdquo15 a forh hna

Dohbama `hen hnih ah a rak i cheunak chan hi a taktak

ti ahcun hruaitu kong i an buai zungzalmi ruangah a si

bik ko tiah an ti

March 1938 kum ah Dohbama nihcun Pyi khua ah

civuipi a tuah Cu ah cun an president thong a tlak lio

a si caah aa tel kho lo i a zaka ah midang thimding an

timhmi nih an thin a phawh hna Voihnih tiang bakin

president thimnak cu an tuah Thla thum a rauh hnu

ah an president thar Thein Maung nih a ka zuamcawh

kho ding tiah a ruahmi Ba Sein te phu kha a phuah hna

Cu tikah Kodaw Hmaing nih EC pawl a kawh hna i i

rem `hannak ding ser aa tim Thein Maung nihcun Kodaw

Hmaing tham cu EC chungtel zong a si lo a ti hna i a

chuahtaak hna Cun ldquokeimah Hitler-Uktu Bawirdquo tiah

aa thanh i Ba Sein le a bawmtu phu pawl cu Dohbama

headquarters in a hawl hna Ba Sein te nih cun anmah

tein headquarters an i ser ve i Dohbama pawl cu an i

`hen thai Adonghnak ah cun Kodaw Hmaing zong cu

miremtu a si khawh hlei ti lo caah mi tam deuh an i

funnak Thein Maung te sinah aa fon Cu hnu thawkin

Kodaw Hmaing phu le mi tlawm deuh Ba Sein-Tun

Oke phu tiah kan hun hngalhmi hna ah an i cang

Aung San hi Kodaw Hmaing lei ah a nupi lei in

15 From an essay

ldquoShould We Partici-

pate in Bourgeois Par-

limentsrdquo reprinted

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

versity of California

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

a unaupa Than Tun he 1938 kum ah an lut`i A rauh

hlanah an general secretary ah an thim U Nu cu an

ngunkeng [ldquophaisa umlo ngun kengrdquo tiah U Nu nih a

ti16] cun Let Ya Than Tun le Soe nih adang biapi rian

an tlaih17

Hi lio caan ah a kum a no rihmi Aung San ruahnak

ahhin cawhbur nawn in a um rih kho ngaimi a si Marxism

nih a runh ngai hna ti cu a fiang fawn Shanghai kal aa

thawh i Amoy khua a va phanh tan ahhin aa tinh

taktakmi cu Mao Zedong hruaimi Tuluk communist

pawl ton dingah a si Asinain communist he i tong

loin Japan facist pawl tu he an i tong Cu lawng si loin

Dohbama pawl hrim nihhin Marxism aw-aan le motto

rumro an rak hmang Dr Maung Maung tu nih cun aa

dawhnak in ldquoDohbama pawl nih an i tinhmi cu Marxism

[communist ruahnak] pom ding nakin Mirang doh

lawng a si deuhrdquo18 tiah a al ve

Ruah awk Dr Maung Maung cu tuanbia a dikning

taktak `ial nakin a milhtlorh deuhtu lawng a si caah a

bia zumh awk a tlak lo Dohbama chung i buainak hi

ldquoleftwing e rightwing e ruangah erdquo an ti lenmi nakin

miphun dang pawl an kuttang chiah khawh zungzal

ding kong tu ah ruahnak i khah lo dawh deuh an si

Zeicahtiah Kawl phun`anhnak lungput cu miphun dang

huatnak le nahchuahnak in aa thawkmi a si Socialism

asiloah Marxism asiloah communist ruahnak [cawnnak

taktak an rak ngei lo i aa khat ah an rak ruah ko] ni-

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

hhin miphun hme (ram khat chung ummi mitlawm deuh

phun) caah zawnruahnak timi a um lo Aung San

hi communist ruahnak nih a cawnpiak vemi a si pinah

Kawlram communist party dirh hmasatu ah aa telmi bak

a si ko nain a hnu a thih lai hrawng a hung fim deuh

a ruahnak a hun kauh deuh tikah tlangcungmi caah

(mitlawm miphun hna caah) a `ang bik le an hawikom

`ha bik a hung si tikah hlan a hawile cungah leirawitu

lsquothit-sa-phohrsquo a si hnga lo maw Cucaah Aung San nihhin

i ralrin khawh dingmi lenglei ral nakin `ih a nung deuhmi

zeitik ahdah an ka thluk telai ti hngalh khawh lomi

chunglei ral a rak ngei cang ti khawh a si

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Aung San thattu kong hlaithlai

ah cun U Saw kong cu telh lo

awk ha lo a si U Saw hi ahodah

a si hnga U Saw cu Dr Maung

Maung `ial ningah cun fimnak

tlamtling ngeih setsai `ung lo i

power lawng a duhmi minis-

ter sawhsawh in aa lung si lo

i prime minister (ram lu bik)

tiang si a duhmi pa a si tiah a ti

U Saw cu orhlei ruahnak (rightist) a pommi a si i Aung

San he hlan tein aa rem lomi pa a si Chim duhmi cu

Aung San i hmuh khawhmi lenglei ral a si

Kawlram Politics ah a rak zaa vemi

U Saw cu 1900 kum ah Tharrawaddy ah a chuak

i sihni (pleader) a cawng Saya San a upat ngaimi pa a

si 1928 kum thawkin MP a `uan tawn 1931 kum i Saya

San an tlaih tikah Kawl sihni tam ngaite nih a lakin sihni

kan leih-piak lai tiah an rak i pe cio Nain a tam deuh

cu cathiam huaha lo khuatefa deuh lawngte an si cu

hna lakah mino cathiam bik pawl ah a hung langmi cu

U Saw a si U Saw nih Saya San luatnak caah cun sihni

cu a leih-piak i England ummi Mirang bawi pawl sin

zongah Saya San luatnak dingah nawlnak ca a rak kuat

hna tikah cun laar hram a hun i thawk colh ko cang

Saya San nih Mirang a rak doh liote in U Saw nihhin

U Ba Pe dirhmi Thuriya (the Sun) tadinca hmangin

Mirang ralkap nih Saya San ralkap pawl an tuahto ning

hna hmanthlak tehna a cuanter i Mirang bawi pawl sinah a

rak kuat tawn cang Saya San a thih tikah Saya San nih

Mirang a dohnak pehzulh dingah tiin a min ah Galon

aa bunhnak chan a si [Saya San nih Galon Athin a rak

dirh] May 1935 ah Japan ah a vung tlawng i a rung

tlun tikah Nga-Bwint-Saing Party aiawh in thimnak

i cuh dingah an thim 1938 kum ah Thuriya (the Sun)

tadinca a cawk (Japan pawl phaisa bawmhmi in a cawk

tiah zapi nih an ruah19) Dr Maung Maung `ialning ah

cun Thuriya tadinca nihcun Hitler nih ram le miphun

kong he pehtlai in Judah miphun huatnak le German

lawng miphun sang an sinak kong a `ialmi a cauk Kaa

Zuamnak timi Mein Kempf kha a serial in chuah hram

a thawk colh tiah a ti A tadinca hmangin mirum lian

19 It serialized a trans-

lation of Mein Kampf

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

pipi le vawlei kau pipi ngeimi hna nih a lei `ang dingin

a lemsoi hna i20 Myochit Party a dirh cun amah pri-

vate ralkap Galon ~at aa ser

U Saw cu Ba Maw21 cozah ah vuanci (minister) a

`uan Asinain cozah doh ruangah tiin Ba Maw nih

thong a thlak Thong in a hun chuah hnu May 30 1939

ah U Pu cozah ah forest le agriculture vuanci ah an thim

Dr Maung Maung `ialning ah a Myochit Party hmangin

U Pu chambaunak a kawl i U Pu cozah cu challenge a

tuah Cuticun September 1940 in January 1942 tiang

Chief Minister a `uan22 Kawl lakah a bawi bik a hun si

le cangka in politician cheukhat thong ah a thlak hna

ruahnak lei ah a saya `hing U Ba Pe Mandalay mi U Ba U

le U Ba Thi an si U Saw nihhin min ah ldquoBardquo aa telmi cu

a rem hna lo tiah capo in an siahnak23 October 1941 lio

i ramdang a tlawn lai cu baisakup aa zaih-mi ko a lo

Private vanlawng bakinhellipcungah cun a zuanghellip

cun Shwedagon pura a hun heel i vancung cun

upatnak a von pek Mi nih thil `ha lo tuah ah an

rel Midang nih Buddha milem hmai ah cun an

bok i upatnak an pekmi kha U Saw nihcun aa

laak zau i a bingtalet bakin a cunglei in a biak24

Zeiti Dr Maung Maung nih a va `ial zongah U Saw hi

February 12 1947 kum ah Panglong hnatlaknak an rak

tuah lioah a rak i tel ve U Saw nihcun tlangcungmi

pawl cu nan miphun hanchonak ding le nan ram i kil-

vennak dingah Kawlram he rak i fonh ve ko u nanmah

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

21 Khrihfa a si Arme-

nian thi aa cawh tiah

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

Aung San-Atlee Minthutnak ah U Saw nih

a zulh lio

le nan ram cio ah nanmah tein uknak nawl cu nan i ngeih

ko lai tiah a rak sawm ve hna Hi U Saw bia hi tlang-

cungmi nih an rak cohlan ngaimi a si Nain kam khatlei

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

t l a n g c u n g m i

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

rak pom duh bak lo25

Nain U Saw hi mi khuaruahhar ngai cu a si Aung

San le British prime minister Atlee nih January 27

1947 ni ah London khua i Kawlram luatnak (zalennak) pe-

kding in hnatlaknak an ngeih tikah U Saw le Ba Sein

nih opposition aiawh in an rak zulh i min an thu duh

lo26 Aung San-Atlee hnatlaknak nihhin tlangcungmi

nih Kawl he fonh an duh ko ahcun Kawl uknak tang ah

um ding a fianter cang i asiloah tlangcungmi hna caah

a bing tein luatnak pekding timi cu a rawk cang ti awk a

si ko caah dah U Saw nihhin tlangcungmi hna zawnruat in

a rak thut duh hnga lo Asiloah Aung San nih hmailei

ah Kawlram a hruai telai ti a hmuh caah dah a thut

hnga lo A ruahnak hi hngalh khawh a har ko

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

Aung San Lainawnnak le A Ralkap Pawl

Ni khat cu Thaton peng Thebyugone khuate in Dorman-

Smith sinah lsquo1942 kum lio ah Aung San nih lai a nawn

caah thih dantatnak pek awk a sirsquo timi report a hung

phan A kong an hun hlat tikah tuksapur a si ko ldquoAung

San ralkap BIA pawl nih khuate khuabawi Muslim pa

kha cawleng cungah vok he ni riat chung rawl lo zei

loin Thaton khua tiang an phurh`i hna hnu ah an khua

cerhmun kawltung ah cu pa cu fek tein an hren i

minung thong tampi hmai ah thih dantatnak an pek

Aung San kam hnih in BIA ralkap pawl nih an kulh

nihcun an tlaihmi pa a namte lila in mipa cu thilak in

a sawhrdquo27 Hi kong hi palik zong nih Mountbatten sin

ah report an hei kuat Mountbatten nihcun BIAPBF

ralkap pawl kha Mirang ralkap caah hman a duh caah

a kong rak ceih rih hlah u tiah a thanh hna

Aung San tlaihnak nawl a ngei lomi Paw Tun (Sir

Paw Tun) nih Aung San hi Kawlram politics ah i tel

ti hlah seh ti a duh caah Governor Dorman-Smith cu

tlaih dingin a lemsoi 1946 kum thawkka hrawngah (a

kum vui 1947 ah thimnak tuahding a si tikah) hi Aung

San nih 1942 ral lio i a lainawnnak kong kha Kawl upa

pawl nihcun biatak tein an i buaipi Dorman-Smith

cozah ah minister a `uan liomi Tun Oke28 nih aa thawh i

Aung San lainawnnak kong hi biatak in kan ruah awk a

si Keimah nih tehte ka `uan lai A thah lio ah ka um ve

Aung San nih amah vainam bakin a thahmi a si Aung

27 Petition of Ma Ahma

wife of the late Abdul

Raschid 8 April 1946

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

own sword instead of

the victimrsquos bayonet

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Secretary of State

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

28 Tun Oke hi Hawikom

Sawmthum ldquoThirty

Comradesrdquo ah aa tel-

mi a si

San hi tlaih awk a si ko mi nih an uarnak zong a zor tuk

ko cang i zei a poi lai lo tiah Dorman-Smith cozah E C

pawl hmai ah a chim Dorman-Smith cu umtu awk thei

loin an tuah

Aung San huatu pawl le a thimi Muslim pa nupi

kut in luatter a duhmi Aung San dawtu pawl nihcun

Aung San biaceih ding a ni an thawn tikah an i lawm

ngai Nain bia a um cang tikah Aung San nih sual an

phawtnak cu ldquobiatakrdquo in ka doh a hau ti a ruah caah

12 April 1946 chuakmi Thadinsone Journal (Kawlholh)

le Hanthawaddy (Mirang Holh) in a sining kong cu a

dikning tein tadinca pahnih ah a `ial ldquoKai cinkenmi cu

khuabawipa hi mi hrokhrol `halo a si i a khuami hna

duh paoh in a serhsat hnahellipKa sin report an rak pekmi

pawl ningah thihnak nak niam deuh in dantat awktlak a

si lordquo ati Aung San lainawnnak kongah Dorman-Smith

he Kawl bawi pawl he an dihlak in tlaih an duh ngai ko

nain Aung San an tlaih ahcun ram a buai lai ti Mirang

nih an ruah caah ldquoRalpi lio thil cu sualphawt awk a si

lordquo an ti i an tlai duh lo

Mirang nihcun Burma Army asiloah Burifs (Bur-

ma Rifles Mirang ta an si) caah Aung San ralkap PBF

(hlan BIA) chungin officers 200 adang reng 5200 kan

laak lai i anmah le an battalion cio an i ser lai tiah an ti

hna tikah 4763 nih Burifs ah cun an lutmdashcu cun 3rd

4th le 5th Burma Rifles an hun i ser [Ne Win cu 4th

Burif hotu a si] Asinain 3561 nih an i tel duh lo i Pyithu

Yebaw Ahphwe asiloah Mirang in Peoplersquos Volunteer

Organization (PVO) cu 1 December 1945 ah an dirh A

taktak ti ahcun hi PVO hi private ralkap an si ko peng

le khua kip ah an ser hna i an headquarters cu Aung

San nih a hruai hna29 May 1946 ah cun PVO hi cozah

hmete bantuk ah an hung cang i Burifs ah aa `hialmi

hlan BNAPBF nih kam khatlei in Mirang sinah training an

ngah chap tikah Kawl ralkap dirhmun hi hlanah Kawl

nih an rak `ih ngaimi Mirang sinah zumhtlak in aa

pemi tlangcungmi ralkap battalion 7 (Chin Rifles tbk

pawl) he i dirh-onh ngamh kho ding phun dirhmun ah

a hun phanhter hna

Aung San cu a laar chin lengmang i cabinet thar nih

hngalhpinak an hun tuah tikah luatnak (zalennak)

pekding in faak deuh chinchin in a hal cang hna Cu tikah

mipi nih an `anh tuk cang Cozah minung pawl an laar

ti lo i khuate lei hoihna ah cun PVO lawng nawlngeitu

ah an hung cang Peng kipah PVO headquarters an ser

cozah tangka le thilri hriamnam meithal tiangin da-

miah-`aih phun in anmah nawl in an laak cang 1947

tikah cun thimnak dingah tiin an thazaang an karhter

chin lengmang Rangoon khuachung sang kip le khua le

peng kip ah headquarters an karhter chinchin Anmah

a dohtu ding party pawl cu an `hihphaih hna an doh

hna zuamnak ah i tel ngam lo dingin an tuah hna Cu

tikah aa cuh ve ding candidate mi tampi cu an i zukphiak

ziar April 1 1947 ah thimnak cu an hun tuah PVO pawl

nih mee thlaknak booth an cawngh AFPFL caah 100

29 Tinker 1959 17

zuamcawhtu ngei lo thimnak ah aa chuah

May-June 1947 karlak

Buainak thlam leen hram aa thawk cang AFPFL

cheu hnih ah aa cheu National Socialists le Commu-

nists pawl nih langhlang ngai in Aung San an soisel

cang Ram remh`hannak le rian i peknak kongah Aung

San cu an phomh ko cang Mipi nih an uarnak zong a

zor deuh Kyaw Nyein hruaimi National Socialist pawl

nih Communist pawl min hmangin Delta Area le Cen-

tral Burma ah damiah an `aih lengmang cang Aung

San nih Mirang tihraamnak i a rak hmanmi tactic bakin

amah dohtu lila nih an hun ti hnawh ve tikah fakpi in

a mawhchiat hna

Aung San nihcun City Hall i bia a chim tikah U Ba

Pe U Tin Tut le Kyaw Nyein cu an din lonak ruangah

faak piin a mawhchiat hna i U Ba Pe cu cabinet in a

phuah Cu lioah cun Tin Tut le Kyaw Nyein cu Europe

ah an tlawn kar a si Aung San nih Kyaw Nyein ziaza a

fih in a fihnak le a rak tlun bakin a rian in a phuah lainak

kong a chim AFPFL chung ummi socialist hnuzul pawl

nih hi a bia cu an rem lo ngai caah an hruaitu Kyaw

Nyein cu khamh dingin an lung an i thlek Cu ruangah

mipi nihcun Kyaw Nyein nih Aung San thahnak ding

khua a khaan tiah a hnu ah an hun zumhnak a si U

Saw cu satarhnak (scapegoat) sawhsawh ah an hman

A va si pek si lo pekah hihi mipi nih an zumhning a

rak si i micheu nihcun thilri tehte (material evidence)

hmanh kan chuahpi khawh lai tiah an ti30

Mi Bocal Aung San

England cozah i India le Kawlram caah `uanvo ngeitu

Secretary of State for India and Burma nih a cunglei

i kan `ial cangmi Baldwin hlathlai-ca memorandum cu

ldquokam-khatlei lawng a hoih tukrdquo a ti i Foreign Office file

ah a fimter ziar hna31 Asinain Kawlram ah cozah rian

a rak `uanmi M A Maybury cakuat 1949 kum ah the

New Statesman nih an hun chuah tikah PVO nih

thimnak ah mi `hihphaihnak a tuah ko tiah Baldwin

nih a `ialmi a dik ko tihi a fehter

Kawlram hruaitu dingah Aung San kan hngalhpinak

ruangah Kawlram ah zalong tein khuaruah khawhnak le

biachim khawhnak a hrawh Zeicahtiah a private

ralkap [PVO] hmangin a zuamcawh kho dingmi

a `hihphaih hna April 1947 thimnak ah mi tampi

nih mee an pek timi le Kawl le Mitlawm miphun

pawl karlak ah a lengphaw lungrualnak bantuk a

ser timi hi Hitler le Stalin nih an hmanmi daan

methods he aa lo32

Cu bantuk `hiam`hiam cun H A Stonor nih

The Welch Regiment 2nd Battalion in officer pawl

he Kalaw ah an i thimnak cu zeidah a lawh tiah kan

hung zoh hna Palik thuam bantuk aa thuammi pawl

nih sobul le fa-ah zuk aa suaimi AFPFL aalan

30 J W Baldwin mem-

orandum lsquoLatest De-

velopment ndash Political

Situation in Burma to

6th November 1947rsquo

attached to note Lord

Pethick-Lawrence to

Sir Gilbert Laithwaite

19 December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736) al-

tered by minor ortho-

graphical corrections

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

an i thlir lulh hna i lamkam keh he orh he mee

pek a kalding pawl cu an orh hna Anmah karlak

lawngin mee-petu ding nih cun kal khawh dingin

an tuah Kan khuaruah a kan harter i ningzak ngai

zong a simi pakhat belte cu Mirang ralbawi Capt

Jimmy Battle cu mi lakah a dir tertur ve ko nain

zeihmanh a ti hna lo33

Cun Kin Oung 1947 lioah Burma Navy ah officer in a

rak `uanmi pa zong nih

AFPFL nih thimnak ah a dik loning in thil an tuah

hi ka hngalhmi a um ve caah Baldwin ca`ialmi a dik

ko tiah ka fehter khawh ve men lai Navy chungah

hin AFPFL socialist a bawmtu officer tampi an rak

um i a tak tiah cun hi hna pawl nih dahkaw mee

thlaknak booth lei ah a kalmi communist pawl cu

lam in an rak bawh hna i an rak thah hna cu34

City Hall ah Aung San nih Ba Pe Tin Tut le Kyaw Nyein

sual a phawtmi hna zong hi mi chimchinbia sawhsawh

men in a theihmi an si i a chim hlanah a hawile zong

ruahnak a hal ta hna lo Ba Pe hi ldquoKawlmi phun`anh

cawlcanghnak le politics ah kan pardquo35 tiah mi tampi nih

an cohlanmi pa a si The Sun tadinca a rak dirhtu a si

pinah GCBA hruaitu zong a rak si i legislature zongah

1923 kum thawkin member a rak si Cubu ah cun Aung

San nih cozah EC le AFPFL a lu bik EC in zeihmanh de-

fend tuahnak nawl pe loin a phuah36 Cu pinah Aung

San nih Kyaw Nyein cu a rak kir [Europe in Kawlram

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

34 Email Kin Oung to

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

a hung phak] bakin a rian phuah dingin a thanh cia

fawn37 Hiti a bocal tuk tikah hi lio caan politician pawl

nih le an dihlak ngawt in a corrupt-mi lawngte an si

caah38 `ihphaannak thlitu an lakah faakpi in hraan

hram aa thawk lai ti cu a fiang Ba Pe le Kyaw Nyein

hi Socialist Party hruaitu veve an si AFPFL chungah

Aung San a zuamcawh tawntu an si pinah Aung San

nih amah private ralkap PVO aa sermi cung zongah

a dohtu an si Aung San nih hi bantuk a ral pahnih a

hrawh khawh cang hna a si ahcun adang hodah hrawh

ding a taang rih hnga Kyaw Nyein he ruahnak aa khatmi

le a bawmtu Ne Win a si hnga maw Kyaw Nyein i a

private ralkap pawl le Ne Win te nihhin Delta Area

tehna ah ldquodamiah an rak `aihrdquo lengmang cang va si kaw

A rauh hlanah a tlu hnga dingmi an Bogyoke cu na bocal

tuk deuh hen cu naa uah tuk deuh e tiah an biathli he an

lungthli lawmhnak zapei benghnak i cuh pahin corridor

cungah ral ngei ti lo duh tawk an i chawh khawhnak

ding khua lawng an khaang cang ko lai dah

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Aung San Hodah A That Salai C Alexander27 DAL 2-NAK

Ni nin ni Secretariat Building

Dal Hnihnak

A Thattu Kong Mipi Theihtermi

Nihin Yangon YMCA zung pin

deuh kam khatlei zawn ahkhin

wunkyi-myar yone tiah kan hn-

galhmi khi a hlan Mirang chan

lioah secretariat building (ahd-

win-wun yone) ti a rak si

Nirukni July 19 1947 (Zinglei

10 30 am hrawnghrang)

Hi zung innpi nitlaklei kam bik

zungkhaan pakhat ah cabuai buai thum Greek cafang

Π suaisam in a kil an tonh hna i meeting a tuahmi an

um Aung San nih Kawl Cozah Interim Burmese Gov-

ernment E C meeting a kawhmi hna an si Aung San

cu Π suaisam apar (alu) zawn ah a `hu A kam cabuai

an tonhmi pawl ah cun U Ba Win (Aung San u pa

commerce and supplies chungtel) Thakhin Mya (fi-

nance chungtel) Deedok39 U Ba Choe (information)

Abdul Razak (education and national planning) Mahn

Ba Khiang (industry and Labour) U Ba Gyan (public

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

Gworks) U Aung Zan Wai (social works) Pyawbwe U

Mya (agriculture and acting home member) le Moumlng

Pawn saohpa Sao Sam Htun (frontier areas) ti pawl

nih a keh he orh he aa changchang in an kulh i an `hu

Cu lio ah cun an EC pahnih an bau Kyaw Nyein (home

affairs) cu Yugoslavia a tlawn lio a si40 Tin Tut cu (fi-

nance kong ca-file Thankhin Mya sinah a pek ta i) Lon-

don ah a tlawn lio a si ve41 Aung San hnulei innka an

onnak lei corridor ah hriamnam zeihmanh aa ken lomi

fial-lek peon Thaung Sein42 a dir Hi lio ah Kutka dang

cu a chunglei in aa hrenh dih

Culio ahcun chiandeih `azeik aa benhmi a hring

rong ralkap (12th Army) uniform ai hruk i ralkap

lukhuh aa khuhmi minung pali Maung Soe Maung

Sein Thet Hnin le Yan Gyi Aung ruah lopi in an hung

chuak Minung pathum nih tommy-guns an i ken pakhat

nih Sten gun aa ken i Thaung Sein cu zeirel loin an hun

nam pah khin meeting a tuahmi hna khaan chungah cun

an lut An meithal kuan cu an hun thlah thluahmah

colh ko cun corridor in zungpi in hnulei ah an i khirh

`han Kutka hram ah an maw`aw mawngtu Thukha nih

maw`aw engine that loin a rak hngah hna Lainawng

minung pali maw`aw cung an cuan khawh le cangka Inya

Lake kam 4 Ady Lam U Saw inn lei ah an jeep hringte

cun phirhphahlik loin an i chaih colh Aung San Ba

Win Thakhin Mya Abdul Razak le Mahn Bah Khiang

cu an thi colh ko Bachoe le Sao Sam Htun belte a

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

councilor is Saw San

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

tions) who is on tour

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

to ldquoan armed PVO

guard outside the

doorrdquo

GMi kaptu minung pali le an driver pinah adang

minung panga zong lainawnnak a bawmtu ah an i tel

ve tiin biaceih an si Cu hna lakah Ba Nyunt timi pa nih

ldquoaphuangturdquo ah aa cang i tehte biapi bik ah aa thleng

Ba Nyunt nihcun hi lainawnnak khuakhaangtu bik le a

timlamtu bik cu U Saw a si a ti caah biaceihtu nih Ba

Nyunt cu lainawnnak tehte biapi bik ah an hman43

Ba Nyunt nih U Saw cu Minhla khua ah Myochit

Party hruaitu in a rat lio a biachimnak ah kan i tong

U Saw sawmnak in Ady Lam cung ummi U Saw inn ka

phan i Myochit Party ah cun ka lut tiah tehte a khan

Cun sualphawtmi adang panga hna hi U Saw inn ah a

rak umciami an si cu lio ah cun meithal le zenthong

an rak i zalh cang tiah a ti U Saw nih Aung San thahnak

ding kong cu 15 July ah avoikhatnak a ka chimh hmasa

a si Cun 18 July ni ah U Saw nihcun mikaptu adang

pathum le Thukha he a kan pumh i lainawnnak ding

kong cu timhcia tein a kan cawnpiak Anih Ba Nyunt

rian cu midang nih an meithal an hman dih hnu ah

Thakhin Nu sinah vung kawl i va thah ding a si tiah a

chim44

Lai an nawn ni zing suimilam 8 30 hrawngah U

Saw nih (sualphawt a si vemi adang pathum) Khin

Maung Yin Maung Ni le Hmon Gyi kha Thakhin Nu

thahnak ding kong biathli a ruah hna ka theih i secre-

tariat building lei ah cun hi hna he Fordson truck in kan

kal Maw`aw cu Dalhousie Street le 41st Street aa tonnak

zawn ah an dirter i Khin Maung Yin le Hmon Gyi cu Parks

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

44 Thakhin Nu was not

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

ally of Aung San and

the speaker of the

constituent assembly

GStreet leikam in zungpi chungin ldquolenglei chuahnak kutkardquo in

an lut i an liam Cu lio ahcun (amah) Ba Nyunt cu U

Nu zungkhan a umnak constituent assembly building

lei ah a vung kal ve A hmuhmi pa cu U Nu a si lo ti a

theih tikah Ba Nyunt cu an maw`aw dirternak lei ah a

kir `han Maw`aw chungah Khin Maung Yin a rak kir

cang i Maung Ni nih zeipaoh a tlam a tling ko tiah U

Saw sinah phone a vung chawnh lio a si tiah Ba Nyunt

cu a chimh Cun Ba Nyunt nih Parks Street lei kam

zungpi ldquochunglei luhnak kutkardquo in jeep a luh a hmuh

Jeep cu zungpi i nitlaklei kam (Aung San te meeting

tuahnak) in pe 20 in 30 kar hrawng aa hlatnak ah an

dirter cu tlawmpal ah zungpi chungin meithal kahnak a

um ti hun theih a si i jeep cu zungpi ldquochuahnak kutkardquo

in Parks Street lei ah a chuah a hmuh Jeep cu a ran

khawh chungin an hmai ah a tlik thluahmah kha Ba

Nyunt nih a hmuh Cun Ba Nyunt Khin Maung Yin

le Maung Ni zong Hmon Gyi tel loin U Saw innkulh

chunglei ah an hung kir ve Jeep cu U Saw innka hmai

disathlap tang ah a rak dir ko kha an hmuh Cun

mikaptu minung pali le Thukha nih ldquoAung-byi [kan tei

cang] Aung-byirdquo tiah au pah in an rak don hna i Ba

Nyunt nih ldquoTuanbia Tharrdquo tiah Kawlram politics tuanbia

a thar in kan `ial cang lai ti phun in a au ve

Ba Nyunt nih tehte ldquophyaunt-chet-peturdquo aa can hnu

cun Maung Sein Yan Gyi Aung Thu Kha Khin Maung Yin

le Maung Ni zong nih Ba Nyunt tehte khanmi a dik ko

tiah an sualnak kong cu a hlei a hluat in an hun chap len ve

GMaung Sein nih a chim venak ah cun Maung Soe nih

an liang cung le an lukhuh ca `azeik pawl cu a chuahpiak

hnanak kong 1000 am hrawngin an jeep in kal nakding

nawlpek an sinak kong an muka-angki leng tangah an

uniform an thuhnak kong Hmon Gyi nih nitlaklei kam

haukam in a rak hngah hna i lut dingin achet a piah

hnanak kong Maung Soe nih meeting khaan innka a

on chih i kahnak order a pek hnanak kong Yan Gyi

Aung nih a `hut bu in Sten gun hmangin a rak kah hna

lio ah adang nih tommy in an dir bu in an kah hna hnu

ah Yan Gyi Aung nih corridor cungah a ummi pistol

aa kenmi pa a kahnak kong adwinwun zung an

hun chuahtaak ka ah Maung Ni an hmuhnak kong U

Saw nih a inn an phanh tikah a rak kuh hna a hnamh

hnanak kong Fordson truck in Ba Nyunt Khin Maung

Yin le Maung Ni an hung phanh tikah angki dang an i

thleng hna i U Saw he bia an ruah hnanak kong tehna a

chim ve

Yang Gyi Aung nih `uang ah ka `hu i cabuai tang

in upa pawl cu ka kah hna tiah an chimmi bia cu a

fehter45 Cun U Saw rawlpetu Sein Maung nih U Saw

inn kan phanh tikah kan meithal cu a fim hna i a thuh

hna tiah ati

Thu Kha nih jeep cungah tommy-gun pakhat a

hlei in kan i ken chih i cucu Ba Nyunt nih U Nu thahnak

dingah a hman dingmi a si tiah a chim ve

Maung Ni nih lai an nawn ni zing ah Maung Soe

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

nih pistol a pek i zeitindah a kah ning

a si ti a cawnpiaknak kong mikaptu

nih adwin-wun zung i lai an nawn dih

hnu ah Parks Street leikam a ldquochuahnak

kutkardquo cu jeep chuahnak dingah aa ong

peng maw ong peng lo zoh dingin Khin

Maung Yin nih a fialnak kong Thukha a

phanh in jeep cu an mongh ti le meithal

kah thawng zong a theih i Hmon Gyi cu

hau chung in a hung tlik thluahmahnak

kong cun Hmon Gyi cu jeep chungah

luh aa tim nain an rak khirh caah truck

umnak lei ah a hung kir `han i Khin

Maung Yin le Ba Nyunt he U Saw inn lei

ah an kir hnanak kong tehna a chim ve

Khin Maung Yin nih U Saw a si ko

ti fehternak dingah a chim ve A nikum

ah Aung San nih U Saw thah a timhnak

kong46 cun cu ruangah U Saw nih

lehrulh dingin Aung San tepawl bawi

pakhat inn ah zanriah dum`inak an rak

tuah lio ah Khin Maung Yin cu thah a

fial i a duh lonak kong a chim47 Khin

Maung Yin nih a chim chapmi ah U Saw

nih tommy-gun pahnih le adang hriamnam

pawl Major Young sinah a cawknak kong48

le adang hriamnam pawl zong Major

Lance sinah a cawknak kong49 U Saw nih

46 Saw was widely reputed to have blamed

Aung San for this attempt on his life

47 ldquoInterim report on Situation in Burmardquo

20 August 1947 paragraph 11 (PRO WO

2084941)

48 Major C Henry Young occupied a house

across Inya lake from Saw four miles by

road but half an hour by row-boat He

was the commander of the Indian Army

Electrical and Machanical Workshop

Company in Rangoon and in charge of

a military transport camp situated on

property owned by Saw Kin Oung 1996

49 Major Peter Ernest Lancelot Daine

was a grade 2 staff officer in X Branch

which was the signals branch of HQ

Burma Command Conversation with

John McEnery (then on the staff of

Burma Command) 5 November 1998

telegram General Sir Neil Ritchie to Sir

Henry MacGeagh 29 August 1947 (BL

OIOC M422715) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 504 737 See also ldquoState-

ment by JA Moorerdquo in telegram Sir

Hubert Rance to the Earl of Listowel 28

July 1947 (BL OIOC M42715 Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II item 470 698 The

biographical note on Daine in Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II 903 erred in assign-

ing him to the intelligence branch of

John McEnery 28 September 2000

baan (bank) aih a rak i tim bal nain nikhua chiat

ruangah aa let `hannak kong Major Moore50 le

Captian Vivian51 bawmhnak in U Saw nih ralkap

hriamnam chiahnak ruk-inn chung ta Bren gun le

zenthong tehna a ngah i Inya Lake (a inn pawng)

kam ah a thuhnak kong 17 July ni ah U Saw nih

lainawnnak ding kong cu a chimh i 19th ni ah

EC pawl cu meeting an `hut taktak lai le lai lo hlat

a fialnak kong 18th ni ah lainawnnak ah hman

hngami maw`aw pahnih ready in timhlamh ding

a fialnak kong Fordson ah nambat phel adeu a

bunh hna i jeep ah a si lomi nambat a khenhnak

kong cu hnu ah EC pawl meeting kong cu a va

hlat i an i timh bang meeting tuah an let lonak

kong kha U Saw sinah the Sun tadinca chuahnak

zung telephone hmangin U Saw cu thawng a hei

thanhnak le telephone an i chawnh ah biahleng

(code) an hmannak kong cun U Saw inn ah a

hung kir `han i maw`aw nambat phel pakhat kha

Tin Shwe52 a pek cun jeep nambat kha sii thar a

thuhnak kong tehna pawl a chim

Sihni pawl nihcun bia an ceihmi hna pawl

an phuanmi fehternak dingah tehte dangdang an

chuahpi hna Palik ngiahlaitu zung (Criminal

Investigation Department) in a lubik changtu

Tun Hla Oung53 nih U Saw inn pawng ahhin an

cawlcangh ning zoh dingah ldquomingiaturdquo ka rak

chiahcia cang hna tiah ati Ralkap hriamnam

50 Major J A Moore Indian

Army Ordnance Corp was

the officer commanding Base

Ammunition Depot (Burma)

Telegram Sir Hubert Rance

to the Earl of Listowel 28 July

1947(BL OIOC M42715

Tinker (ed) 1984 vol II

item 469 696 ibid 909

51 Captain David Vivian was

arms Adviser to the Burma

Police Letter governorrsquos sec-

retary to JP Gibson 24 July

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

Tinker (ed) 1984 vol II item

501 732 note ibid 917

52 The judgment of the Special

Crimes Tribunal (reproduced

in Dr Maung Maung 1962

71-117) describes Tin Shwe as

a ldquofollower of U Saw living in

his placerdquo He is referred to

several times in the judgment

but was not called as a wit-

53 Kin Oungrsquos father His name

is spelled ldquoTun Hla Aungrdquo in

the Special Crimes Tribunalrsquos

judgment

Gchiahnak ruuk-inn chung ummi hriamnam cheukhat

an tlau ti report a um hnu in U Saw inn pawngah

ldquomingiaturdquo pahnih ka chiah hna ati Zing 830 hrawng i

U Saw inn in Fordson maw`aw a chuah zong an hmuh i a

nambat zong `ha tein an i chingchiah tiah ati Thamadi

Daily tadinca ah phaisa cazin tlaitu Sein Maung zong

nih meithal puah thawng pawl le secretariat building

in jeep a chuah lio a hmuh ve i a baan phaisa cazin tunnak

cauk cungah a nambat aa `ial ve ti a si54 Suimilam

1100 hrawngah a chaih bakin a hun i chaihmi jeep cu

U Saw inn-hau chungah a hun i kuai i jeep cung a hung

`ummi minung pali nga le U Saw cu ka hmuh hna tiah

U Saw innpa Mr Khan nih a chim ve Zenthong lei a

thiammi (ballistic experts) pawl nih Aung San te zungkhaan

chung an charmi zenthong hawng pawl le mithimi hna

pum chung ummi kuanfang le U Saw innpawng ah

an hmuhmi tommy le Sten gun meithal kuan pawl an

zoh`i tikah aa khat bak ti a si Adang tehte pawl nih U

Saw innpawng tidil chungah nambat phel adeu pawl

le mithattu nih rak i hruk dawh a simi lukhuh hring

pawl cun U Saw te coka tappi chungah a kaang thlu

lomi angki pawl le 12th Army `azeik nehnang pawl kan

hmuh tiah an ti Tun Hla Oung le Mr Khan nihcun

U Saw hau chung ummi jeep nambat cu sii an thuhka

lawng a si caah a ro rih lo tiah an ti [Adang tehte an

cohlan lio ah Sein Maung nih kaa chingchiah a timi

maw`aw nambat kong cu an telh lo]

A kaptu hrilhfiah hi cu a har lo Maung Sein nih

a sualnak huhphenh aa tim lo Cun a thi lomi nih `ha

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ment not necessarily

those used by the wit-

ness Kin Oung (1996

13) states that Sein

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

press reports of his

testimony such as

that in The Burman

(an English language

daily) of 23 October

1947 described him

as an accountant

Gtein an hliah ko hna lai cu a fiang U Saw cu hrithlai

dantatnak in thah a si Maung Soe Maung Sein Thet

Hnin le Yan Gyi Aung cu mithah lainawn sualnak cun

Hmon Gyi cu sualnak ah a bawmtu tiin hrithlainak an

pek ve hna Thu Kha Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni cu

mithahnak ah a bawmtu an ti ve hna nain 20 thong

dantat an si Cozah tehte ah aa cangmi Ba Nyunt cu

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

1 Mitthattu Hmanmi Meithal

Tommy-gun zun 3 le Sten-gun zun 1

2 Ba Nyunt Chimmi amp Maung Ni Chimmi (Ford-

son Truck)

Ω Ba Nyunt nih Hmon Gyi tel loin U Saw inn ah

kan kir ati

Maung Ni nih Hmon Gyi kanmah sinah cuangin

U Saw inn ah kan kir ati ve

2 U Saw nih Meithal a Cawkmi le a Ngah Daan

Ω Khin Maung Yin nih Mirang Ralbawi pahnih sin

le an bawmhnak in a ngah ati (Tommy le Bren

gun min an chim chih Sten gun an chim lo)

Tun Hla Oung nih meithal chiahnak ruukinn hri-

amnam a tlau ati

55 ldquoIt is difficult to be-

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

der observationrdquo

ldquoInterim report on

Situation in Burmardquo

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That Hnga

Zapi rel awk le hngalh awk dingah an chuahmi

Aung San le a bawitlaang cabinet member 6 an thah

hnanak kong official version cu a cunglei kan hngalhcia

bantuk khan a si ko cang Nain hi official version an rak

`awncop tikah hin chambaunak pakhat hmanh tel loin an

rak phuahcop thlu kho ve lo an rak i harhnak le an rak

i palhmi tete a rak um len

An i harh bik ding cu a biapit biknak zawn i zumh

awk tlak lo a si lai ding khi a si hnga Cozah hruaitu an

dihlak ngawt in thah aa timmi pa nih a mithattu pawl

amah inn lila i a hun kirter `han hna hnga ding hi cu

ldquozanmangrdquo lawngah si khawh dawh a si ti khawh asi A

bikin U Saw nihcun a inn an ngiat-hlai cang ti cu a hei

hngalh cang ko hnga cu mu55 Ruahnak an chuahpimi

ah U Saw nihhin Rance nih Aung San ai ah a ka thim

telai tiah aa ruah ti asi Asinain 15 June tik i acozah

a hung chuakmi ah Bukomh AFPFL an hun si caah

lainawn ding i a fialtu cu hi AFPFL chungin an si hrim

ko tiah fiang tukin chim khawh asi Politics ah experience

a ngei tuk cangmi U Saw nih a Myochit Party

cu a sung cang [bawmtu a ngei ti lo] ti cu aa

fiang tuk lai cun Rance zong nih U Saw thah

timi cu ldquozumh awk a tlak lordquo ati fawn56 Cun

ruahnak an chuahpi rihmi ah Aung San te

nih U Saw thah an rak timh hmasami nih U

Saw a thin a phawh57 anti nain U Saw hi

mihrut a si lo i a molhmi zong a si lo ti kan

hngalh a hau Cucaah U Saw si loin midang

nih mithah lainawnnak rian hi an fialmi asi

caah lai an nawn hnu ah U Saw inn lei ah an

kalter hna lai ti cu ruahdamh khawh cia a si

Cun tehte a cawk in cawk phun in sualnak

a phuangtu paoh ngaihthiamnak an tuahmi hi

lungtling lo ngai a si Hi bantuk hi Mirang (Brit-

ish) biaceih zung nih an hman ngaimi asi i

tehte kha zik an nawh he aa lo Ba Nyunt

Thu Kha Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni cu

an nunnak in an zuah hna Evidence pawl

`ha tein a zoh cikcek dih hnu ah U Saw sihni

Derek Curtis-Bennet KC nih cu evidence an

sermi pawl cu ldquo`awn chommirdquo58 asi tiah fiang

tukin a thanh Hi pa bia hi chimtlak tuk a sinak

cu U Saw nih hrithlainak i an kalpi tiangah hin

ka sual bak lo ati pengmi nih a fianter chih

Cun hi lio caan ah thil sining hngalh awkah a

herhmi cu Mirang zong nih AFPFL zong nih

luatnak independence dawnkhaantu a simi

56 ldquoSaw told his followers that it was

certain that when the leaders of

the AFPFL were removed HE [the

governor] would send for Saw and

ask him to form a Government

This seems incredible and all I can

suggest if the information is true is

that Saw anticipated that suspicion

for the crime would fall on one or

other of the Communist partiesrdquo

Telegram Sir Hubert Rance to Earl

of Listowel 2 August 1947 (PRO

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

57 See ldquoInterim Report on Situation in

Burmardquo 1 August 1947 paragraph

9 suggesting that the possibility of

ldquomental disturbance built up on his

urgent desire for revenge after the

attack on his life in January 1947

[sic]rsquo The attempt on Sawrsquos life oc-

curred on 21 September 1946 Tele-

gram Sir Hubert Rance to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 21 September

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

ker (ed) 1984 vol II item 36 55

58 Keesingrsquos Contemporary Archives

28 February-6 March 1948

paohpaoh an rem hna lo tihi asi [Chim duhmi cu Mirang

nih Kawlram independence pekding hi an hnatlak

cang lawng si loin Kawlram uk hrim aa tim ti lo cu

lakah Kawl propaganda nih Mirang nih uk an kan duh

peng timi hi cu ldquolih―`awnchop biardquo asi] Cun Mirang

nih power a pek cangmi Kawl cozah interim government ah

Kyaw Nyein cu palik le biaceihnak zung vialte59 a tlaitu

a si tihi kan hngalh awk a herh fawn U Saw nih hi lio

caan thil sining aa fian tuk caah Mirang Siangpahrang

sinah Special Police Officers run ka thlahpiak ulaw ka

Case hi `ha tein ka hlathlaipiak u tiah a `ial

Biaceihnak lutlai Court nih a ceihmi case cungah

`anhmi a ngeih lo ding hi a biapi ngaimi a si ko

pinah Palik zung nih an chuahpimi evidence zong

biapi cu asi ve ko Sihmanhsehlaw Kawlram ahhin

hlan kan sining te ah Palik zung zong Court zong

nih `awncopmi bia-ceih kan hmang `heo

Siangpahrang hmai ah phuan ka duh taktakmi

cu atu Kawl Palik bawi pawl nih an chuahpimi

pawl hi atu lio ah power a ngeimi Party asiloah

Party chungtel pawl nih kanmah [Myochit Party]

hrawh an kan duh caah an `awncopmi a si tihi a

fian tuk ko caah asi khawh chungin kan kong kan

kherhlaipiak u tiah kan nawl ko hna60

Rance nih hi ca cu ldquoNawl a Ngeimi Party Chungtelrdquo

Kyaw Nyein sinah a pek Kyaw Nyein nihcun ldquoleh a

herhmi ca a si lordquo61 tiah a ca cu a khirh

59 ldquoInterim Report on

1 August 1947 para-

graph 12 and ldquoIn-

terim Report on Situ-

ation in Burmardquo 20

August 1947 para-

graph 13

60 Letter Saw to Sir

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

61 ldquoU Saw to Sir Hu-

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

Yan Gyi Aung nih bia phuan dingin a duh `han lo

Zeicahtiah ldquohranhram in an kan hnekrdquo i asi lomi bia

chimter an ka duh caah kaa leet ati U Saw hrithlai in

an thah a nikhatnak baak 8 May 1948 ni ah zalennak

a hmu cangmi Kawlram ah Mirang cozah aiawh ambas-

sador nih Mirang acozah ramdanglei pehtlaihnak zung

Foreign Office ah `uanvo ngeitu ME Dening sin i ca

a hei kuatmi ningah cun AFPFL asiloah Kawl palik

chungin mi biapi ngaimi pakhat kong hitihin a chim

ldquo[Hi pa] nih U Saw hrithlainak dingah a biapi bikmi

`uanvo a laak ti hi aa fiang tuk cun an biaceih ning le

biakhiah ning hi Queensbury phung ning in an tuah

lordquo tiah a `ial62 Foreign Office nih [hi pa] a timi min hi

an hloh nain a files i index chung ningah Tun Hla Oung

a si hrim ko lai tihi a langhter63 Tun Hla Oung cu CID

lutlai a si i U Saw kong hlathlaitu ah a dihlak in `uanvo

ngeitu a si Cun Tun Hla Oung nih SOE64 rian a uannak

record i ldquozumh awktlakrdquo65 a timi hi biahal ding tampi

a um khawh caah zumh awk a tlak lo January 1947 lio

ahhin Tun Hla Oung cu district superintendent sawh

ceo a rak si i AFPFL he an rak i rem tuk lem lo caah

[Attlee-Aung San Hnatlak hnu chinchin cun a hmailei

caah ruahchannak a ngei lem ti lo] 28 March 1947 ni

ah pension la ding in a rak sawk Asinain Kyaw Nyein

nih Kawlram dihlak Palik i deputy inspector general

rian pek dingin a kamh caah aa phuah duhnak ca cu a

laak `han66

Cun U Saw kong a ceihtu Biaceih Zung kong zoh rih

52 Letter from Ambas-

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

errsquos 8 May 1948 letter

was originally filed

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

p 389 identifies the

censored party in FO

F74541779 as the

inspector-general of

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

tawinak in a `ial caah

careltu caah zeiset

tiah ka fianh kho londash

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

Rakhine pa Tun Hla Oung nih Kyaw Nyein duhning in rian a hun `uan i a

reng a kai thluahmah colh

usih U Saw case hi Biaceihnak Hmun Sangbik

(the High Court of Justice) ah a sining tak te

ah cun an ceih awk hrimhrim asi Kawlram cu

Mirang kuttang um asi rih caah biaceih

nak pawl hi Mirang biaceihnak ansi rih67

Sihmanhsehlaw Kawl interim acozah nih hi

biaceihtu ding ah special in tuahmi biaceih

phu ser an duh Cucaah 30 August 1947 ah

Special Crimes (Tribunal) Act an ser i hi thil

hi Mirang [British] biaceihnak ah a hlan zongah

atu zong ah Mirang ramchung ah siseh an ukmi (penmi)

colonial ram chungah siseh a um bal rih lomi thil asi

Biaceihtu ding (judges) pawl an thim hna tik zongah

Dr Ba U nih a hruaimi High Court phu duh ning paohin

an thim men Dr Ba U nihcun a hnu ah ldquoBiaceihnak

he pehtlai in a hruaitu ding thimnak kong ah hnek hau

an um lo Kyaw Myint kha hi `uanvo laa dingin ka fial

cun Kyaw Myint zong nih a cohlan colh kordquo tiah a `ial

Kyaw Myint cu Aung San nih a um lo kar i [ramdang a

tlawn kar] i ziknawhnak ruangah Ba Pe le Kyaw Nyein

he tiin cei lak a rak phomhmi Tin Tut u pa a si i Tin

Tut zong cu ramdang in a hung kir `han tikah amah a

rian `hing lila finance member `hiam`hiam ah a `uan

kho `han68 Kyaw Myint hi politic lei ah min ngei asi

ve siang ngakchia pawl a bawm tawntu le thakin pawl

a `anhtu asi caah tiin69 Sinain Ba U nih a hun peh rihmi

a bia ah ldquoBiaceihnak dingah [adang] biaceihtu ding

pahnih thim ding hi kaa harh ngai Biaceihtu dingah

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

68 Keesingrsquos Contem-

porary Archives 28

Februaryndash6 March

1948 Tin Tut re-

turned to his former

position as finance

member after the as-

sassination Telegram

Sir Hubert Rance to

Earl of Listowel 2 Au-

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

thim dingmi cuhellip acozah nih a cohlan khawh dingmi

an si lai caahrdquo70 ati Cuticun Special Crimes Tribunal

nih sualphawtnak an hun tuah khawh hnu cun Kyaw

Myint cu Kawlram dihlak biaceihnak lei ah a sang bikmi

`hutnak ah a reng an kaiter i71 amah a bawmtu ding i

a rak i thimmi Aung Tha Gyaw le Si Bu cu high court

ah rian sang an pek ve hna72 Sual a kawltu ding sihni

caah U Myint Thein hruai dingin an rak thim hmasa

Asinain anih an thim chap ahcun ldquoan biaceihnak zoh

a dawh deuh lai lohellip zeicahtiah amah u pa lila nih biaceihnak

hruaitu dirhmun ah a um caah anti73 Cucaah U Tun

Byu kha sualphawtu ding sihni hruaitu ah an thim

Sihmanhselaw ldquoU Myint Thein nih an biaceihnak

thluanchuak in U Tun Byu cu a rian a bawmhrdquo74

Ngiahlaitu intelligence nih 1 August ni i report an

tuahmi ah a zaammi maw`aw cu ldquonumber khenh lomi

jeeprdquo75 asi anti Asinain Sein Maung tu nihcun

Grindlayrsquos bank passbook a hnulei phaw ah maw`aw

number ka `ial tiah ati Sein Maung nihhin ldquotlakrawh

an cimh thawng le secretariat zung chungin meithal

thawng tehna ka theih ihellip hauchung ah minung an

tlikzaammi zong ka hmuh hnardquo ati cun jeep number

zong kaa ial ziar ati nain zumh a tlak lonak a um Mah

tluk in a biapimi a mithmuh tehte [vital evidence]

cu ldquonihnih nithum a rauh hnurdquo lawngah palik sinah a

chuahpindashbiaceihtu phu nih a hrilhfiah an i harh ngai

dingmi thil asi [ldquohi bantuk thawngpang chia lakah lamcung

aa chawkmi midang ve cio bantuk Sein Maung tehna nih

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

71 Right of appeal to the

Privy Council having

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

Situationn in Burmardquo

1 August 1947 part I

paragraph 1

thinphan thlalau lio i lungfim ngai in jeep number kaa

`ial ti hi cu zumh awkah a har ngairdquo76 ] Sein Maung cu

Thamadi Daily i a vung kir tikah a bawipa U Ba Gale

sinah maw`aw number kong cu a chimh U Ba Gale zong

nihcun mah tlukin a biapimi mithmuh tehte pakhat cu

palik sinah thawng a pe ve hlei lo hihi biaceih phu an

daithlannak pakhat cu asi rih hnga [Dr Maung Maung

nihcun ldquoAung San a thihnak thawngpang nih mipi sin

ah a tlirh in a tlirh cang hna tikah U Sein Maung le U

Ba Gale zong hi an lung a tur lio a si lai i an hngalhmi

maw`aw number kong tehte chuahpi ding hi a ruah

awk an rak hngalh lo a si lairdquo77 ati] Ba Gale cu biaceihnak

ah a phunphun biahalnak cross-examinations an tuah

tikah U Saw nih a ngeihmi The Sun tadinca ah a rak

`uan balmi pa a si i din lonak ruangah U Saw nih fakpi

in a rak volhpamh balmi pa asi ti an hmuh Asinain hihi

cu Ba Gale chimmi tehte a hmaan lo tinak dingah ldquoa

tlam a tling lordquo tiah biaceihtu nih an khiah78

U Saw an tlaih ni ah SD Jupp le a palik minung

pawl nih U Saw inn le a kiangkap tidil hrawnghrang

vialte felfai tukin an kawlhawl dih nain maw`aw number

plate an hmu lo Ni hleikhat a rauh hnu ceo ah Lieu-

tenant JS Coulson nih a hruaimi Royal Engineers 7th

Field Company nih an kawl `han i maw`aw number

plate cu an hmuh Hi chung caan vialte ahhin mi

zeihmanh nih U Saw inn hauchung ah luh khawh asi lo

i palik lawng (palik nawl lawngin) an lut kho

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

Lainawngtu pawl nih an hmanmi kuanfang an

char khawh zat kha kuanfanglei zoh a thiammi lsquobal-

listic expertrsquo nih `ha tein check asi tawn Hi kuanfang

zohfeltu dingah Insein i Detective Training School ah

principal a `uan liomi Hla Baw an fial U Hla Baw

nihcun

Kuanfang pawl zohfelnak ding kong he pehtlai in

ballistic experiments le tests tuahnak ding thilri

zeihmanh kan ngei lo Ral lio ah kan thlau dih

Ramdang ah hi bantuk tuahnak ding thilri ngah

khawh dingin kaa zuam India ah a ummi Law-

rence le Mayo sinah meiceu hmangin kuanfang

phun thleidan khawhnak le zei kuanbawm ahdah

khumhmi phun asi ti hngalh khawhnak seh nan

ngei maw tiah ka hal hna Cu bantuk phun kan

ngei lo tiah an ka leh England ah ka cah han hna

nain ka ngah hlei lo India ah kuanfang `ha tein

zohfelnak kan rak tuah lo zeicahtiah hi lio caan

ah vanlawng a tlaak tan asi pinah India ah mipi

an buai tuk lio caan he aa tong i India ah kan

rak kalpi kho lo Cun hi thil hi cu politics he aa

pehtlaimi thil asi tikah kan rak kalpi ngam lo A

caan a rauh lai pinah a thlen zong an thlen men

lai i felfai in thil aa tuah kho lai lo ti zong kan rak

phaan caah asi79

19 July 1947 ni suimilam 1100 hrawnghrang

mithah lainawnnak thawngpang nih Burma Command

79 Ibid 34

Headquarters a phanh deuh hlanah Major Hugh Toye

nih U Saw cu phone in na rak ka leeng ta kho hnga

maw tiah a chawnh Major Hugh Toye cu Singapore

ah a ummi intelligence officer asi i a hawipa dam lo

ruangah Kawlram ah a hawipa zaka ah a rian a hung

`uanpiak tami asi Hlan deuh ah voikhat an rak i tong

bal cang Toye nih a phone chawnhmi kong cu

Phone cu U Saw nih a rak tlaih colh ko hnawhsare

phun zongin a um lo amah bonte khin a si ko

i thadam ngai in kan i chawn a thinlung ah zei

pipai a buai ding phun in a um lo A aw ka theih

ningin chim ahcun an inn zong amah bonte asi

ko i hnahnawhnak phun um dawh asi lo U Saw

nih ka cum a pi deuh i ka ke a kih deuh caah thaizing

Zarhpi ni tu ah ka ra lai tiah a ka ti A hnu ah hi

phone kan i chawnh lio caan hrawngah mithattu

pawl U Saw hauchung an phanh cu asi tiah kan

theih Thla hnih a rauh hnu ah Kawlram ka

chuahtaak hi tiang ahhin zung nih an bia an ceih

rih hna lo ka kal hin cun a liim hmanh an liim

awk hrimhrim asi Zeisihmanh ah lainawngpa

nih daite in a rak um ko i lainawgtu pawl thadam

ngai in a rak don ko hnga ding cu kei nihcun asi

kho ding thil in ka hmu lo U Saw nih sualnak a

ngei lai tiah ka ruat bal lo80

Cun lainawn lio caan hrawngah Rangoon ah khua

a sami Colin Tooke kongah ruah awktlak thil khuaruah-

80 Telephone conver-

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

har pakhat a um rih U Saw kong an hlathlaimi nih a

lung a tuai ngai a zum hna lo Palik nih U Saw an leirawi

tihi a lung a hrin ziar caah amah tein hlathlainak a

tuah ve i a file pawl kha a inn ah felte in a fim Cun a

inn cu Alsatian uico hraang taktak a conghter Zanlei

sang voikhat i a inn a hung in ah a sin-um pa nih a uico

cu a kaa in a buanbare a tawh i a thih caah tiva ah ka

hlonh tiah a chimh Cu zing ah a uico a dam tuk fawn

zawtnak asi ahcun mah tluk rang cun a thi manh lai

lo ti a hngalh caah Tooke nihcun a uico ruak cu a vung

char i saram sii-bawi thiammi sinah a kalpi Zawtnak asi

lo poison asi ti an hngalh Cun Tooke nih a innchung

i a rak fim ziarmi U Saw kong a hlathlaimi file a rak

tlau ti a hun theih Tooke cu a lau tuk hringhran cun a

hlathlainak cu a pehzulh `han a rauh hlanah Landryrsquos

acute paralysis (lsquokhuaruahhar zen zawtnak phun khat

poison asiloah sii-vai halo nih a chuahtermi zawtnak asirsquo81

) in ruah lopi in a thi ve

Adang hngalh awktlak pakhat a um rih Governor

rian a rak `uan chungmi Sir Gilbert Laithwaite i a sec-

retary nih lainawnnak a um hnu suimilam tlawmpal

ah thirhri [telegram] a rak tuk i cu ah cun ldquoInnka

lenglei ah meithal aa kenmi PVO ralkap (Aung San

ralkap) pakhat nih mithattu pawl cu a rak kham hna

caah an kah Hipa nih lai nawngtu pawl cu 4th Burma

Rifles minung an si tiah `ha tein a hliah hnardquo82 tiah a

`ial Sihmanh sehlaw hi PVO kutka congpa tu cu

tehte ah an chuahter lo U Saw tekong hlathlainak

81 Anonymous ldquoWho

really killed Aung

Sanrdquo Karen Nation-

al Union Bulletin

April 1986 (to which

I am indebted also for

other details in this

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

the Irrawaddy Flotilla

Company told this

story to HA Stonor at

a meeting of the Bur-

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

ports the same story

with minor variant

details citing Stonor

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

le an biaceihnak kongah tam bik le a tling bik ti awkin

a `ialtu Dr Maung Maung nih hipa hi cu a hrelh Hipa

kong cu aa thlauter deih i 4th Burma Rifles nih lainawnnak

ah pehtlaihnak a ngei maw ngei lo zeihmanh a `ial londash

4th Burma Rifles cu Ne Win nih a hruaimi ralkap an

si i Ne Win kong asi ning lonak sang in a `ialtu cu Dr

Maung Maung asi

Tin Tut an thahmi nih lunghrinhnak a zualter

chinchin 1895 ah a chuak deputy commissioner fapa

asi Dulwich College Queenrsquos College Cambridge le

Dublin University tehna ah fimnak a rak cawng i

Middle Temple ah sihni riansang [barrister] a rak uan

Kawlmi lakah Indian Civil Serice chungtel hmasa bik

Dorman Smith cozah nih ram remh`hannak a tuahmi

ah ruahnak petu Rance i CAS(B) ah uktu Kandy kal

lio ah Aung San changtu Executive Council ah Finance

le Revenues Vuanci Aung San-Atlee hnatlaknak ah

siseh Panglong hnatlaknak ah siseh kap hnih kar ah

rian`uantu le minthutca a hran `ialtu FACE chungtel 1947

phunghrampi caah biapi bik a hran `ialtu83 council

(a hnu ah cabinet) i finance le revenues caah chungtel

cun U Nu kuttang ah ramdang lei vuanci 1947 kum ah

Burma Financial Mission kha London ah a vung hruaitu

Freeman-Let Ya Defence Agreement tuah khawhnak

dingah Let Ya changtu auxiliary forces caah inspector

general cun The New Times of Burma a dirhtu le

editor cu vialte rian a rak `uan balmi Tin Tut cu 18

September 1948 ni ah an thahndashAung San an thah hnu

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

thla 14 a rauh ah asi ldquoPolitics lei in a dohtu nih mi

thattu an fial hna i an thah anti nain nihin ni tiang a

thattu kong `ha`hi in an hlathlai rih lo a hrilh zong an

hrilhfiah bal lordquo84 Tin Tut nihhin thil tam tuk dara a

hngalh Kan hngalh ve bantuk in Special Crimes Tri-

bunal i an president Kyaw Myint cu a u pa asi

Cun tah Tun Hla Oung nih zeidah a hngalh ve

hnga Kawlmi lakah Sandhurst ah a kai hmasa bikmi

deputy inspector general asi i July 1947 thawkin Palik

zung misual ngiahlaitu Criminal Investigation Depart-

ment ah a lu bik cun Aung San an thah hlan nihnih aa

duh ah U Saw inn va ngiathlai dingin a minung pawl

a fialtu zong asi Mithah lainawn lio caan ah secre-

trait building ah a rak um ve lio asi i U Saw le meithal

kaptu pawl cu tlaih dih dingin palik pawl nawlpetu

asi ruangah min`hatnak a hmumi pa asi U Saw case

he pehtlai in hlathlainak ah [an fale i umh hnu ah] a

sahlawh Justice Thaung Sein [Tun Hla Oung fapa Kin

Oung nih Thaung Sein fanu a `hit] he tiin `uanvo an

pekmi pa asi i U Saw thong a tlak chung zongah U Saw

kilven ding [a zaam lonak ding mi nih an thah lonak

ding] `uanvo a latu pa asi85 August 1948 ah U Nu nih

ralkap vialte i a lubik changtu ah major-general reng

in a rian a kaiter asinain a rauh hlanah London khua

um Kawlram embassy zung ah ralkap lei rian ngeitu

military attacheacute `uan dingin an pheo `han colh 1951 kum

ah Kawlram tlung dingin aa thawh Kawl ngiahlaitu

intelligence officer pawl nih a lawng citmi cu Colombo

84 Tinker 1959 38

85 Kin Oung 1996 xiii

ah an luhpi cun [Kawlram lut ti lo dingin] a passport

a thi [hman khawh asi ti lo]

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lunghrinh phu thil pak-

hat cundashhihi U Saw

case ah thil dawhcah

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

laindashkhuazei ahdah biaceihnak zung nih

an biaceihmi record an tuahmi ca transcript a um

Lainawngtu pawl cu rampi pakhat i an lubik hruaitu

le a hawile parukndashinterim acozah i a lubik pakua lakah

pasarihndashhe an thah hna ruangah taza cuai ansi Mah

tlukin a biapimi biaceihnak ah record transcript a um

lo tihi kan i zumh kho hnga maw Cuti si lo ah tran-

script (record) pakhat hmanh kan rak `ial lo hei ti ko

hna sehlaw zei ruangah zeicahdah an `ial lo A case

a tawngthamtu palik phu cungah siseh biaceihtu phu

cungah siseh zumhnak pakhat hmanh a ngei lomi U

Saw nih amah tein a bia an ceihmi ca a `ialtu aa chiah

lo ti zong kan zum kho hnga maw Zumh awk le bochan

awk a tlak ngaimi biahrampi [source] pakhat nihcun

transcript (record) `ha tein a rak um ko cucu ldquoDr

Maung Maung nih a rak laak i zeitik hmanhah a hun

chuahpi `han ti lordquo tiah ati87 ldquoMr Justice Mya Theinrdquo

nih ldquoamah pumpak in an biaceihnak vialte cu record a

86 Ibid 70

87 The party that made

this statement has

requested anonymity

for his own protection

Tun Hla Oung fapa Kin Oung nih Aung San thattu kong cauk a chuah ve [a pa cungah lunghrinhnak a ser lo]

rak tuah dihrdquo88 ti asi si kunah khoika dah cu record

cu an um Cun khoika ahdah palik reports pawl an um

Chanthar Kawl miphun tuanbia ah a biapi bikmi sualnak he

pehtlai in an record vialte cu an dihlak in an lo dih89

Cucaah hi mithah lainawnnak ah U Saw rumro nih

sualphawtnak a comi hi a dik lo Asinain U Saw nih

lainawng pawl a hlaan hna lo i a fialmi hna zong asi

kun lo ah ahodah a fialtu cu an si kun hnga Ahodah

tiah kanmah le kanmah zong kan i hal awk asi a bikin

aho nihdah hi lainawnnak in miaknak a hmuh lai

Aung San a thihnak kum 50 tlinnak lio ah BBC

[hi kong he pehtlai in ahote phu cung asiloah zeihmanh

ah uanvo ngei asi lo i a dik le dik lo kong zongah uanvo

ngei asi lo] nih CPB [Communist Party of Burma] nih

Aung San an thah le cangka in ldquoMirang (British) pawl

lainawnnak ah `uanvo ngeitu an sirdquo90 tiah an rak puh

colh hnanak kong program pakhat an rak chuah Cu

zong nihcun evidence pakhat hmanh a chuahpi lo i an

mi puhmi zong zumh tlak ansi lo BBC nihcun CPB puh-

nak cu a hram i lak in Kawlram chung ummi Mirang

pawl ngeihchiah le chawva vialte kilven khawh dingah

cun lainawnnak ah Mirang ansi kho tiah a hun nol-

hchapmi telawng hi tehte asi kan ti hnga Mirang ral-

bawi pawl Major Young Major Moore le Captain Viv-

ian Major Daine British company ah rian a `uanmi

Kalapa Malhotra cun British Council ah rian a `uan-

mi John Stewart Bingley tehna pawl an cawlcangh ning

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

89 Accessing court re-

cords normally entails

making application to

the clerk of the court

having custody of the

record I once obtained

from the clerk of the

United States Court

of Appeals for the

Fifth Circuit a transcript

comprising 12 folders

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

charge As the Special

Crimes Tribunal was

disbanded after try-

ing the Saw case the

court having cus-

tody of the transcript

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

transcript there how-

ever I was told to dis-

continue this quest

90 Who Really Killed

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

zoh in a fiang setsai lomi tehte

an chuahpi Mirang ralbawi pali

hna hi U Saw he aa theihngalmi

ansi pinah i naihniam ngai in aa

pehtlaimi ansi Vivian hi U Saw

inn ah a lutchuak lelekmi asi cun

thonginn chung an um veve lio caan

ah U Saw nih Vivian cu ca a rak kuat

bal U Saw nih Vivian sinah meithal a

rak cawk taktak nain Bren guns ansi

mithahnak an hmanmi phun Thompson sub-machine

guns le Sten guns ansi lo91 Vivian le Young cu a thlithup

meithal zuar ruangah sualphawt ansi92 Hriamnam an

zuar ruangah mithah lainawnnak ah a bawmtu ansi ti

khawh asi lo Zeicahtiah Ralpi Pahnihnak hlan deuh

thawkin a mizei paoh nih meithal le hriamnam cu an

rak i caw an rak i khon ciomi asi ko caah asi93 Karen

National Defence Organization (KNDO) Thakhin Soe

ldquoRed Flagrdquo communists Than Tun ldquoWhite Flagrdquo com-

munists Aung San i a PVO U Saw i a Galon Tat Basein

hruaimi Dobama Tat Ba Maw hruaimi Maha-Bama

Tat Studentsrsquo Revotuonary Front cun adangdang

phun`anhtu ti min kengin damiah phun in a cawlcangmi

phu tampi tbk tehna nih meithal le hriamnam cu an i

cawk an i khon cio lio caan asi Young sual an phawtnak cu

Khin Maung Yin nih a `awncopmi biaphuan ruangah

asi asinain Young cu sualnak a ngei lo tiah an hmuh

`han94 adang ralbawi pahnih hna zong cu zei sualnak

91 All pertinent testimony in

Sawrsquos trial including that

of the assasins themselves

and the ballistics expert

concurred in the type of

weapons used The 45

shelss found in Aung

Sanrsquos body were of a type

fired from tommy-guns

Bren guns fire a 9 mm

round McEnery 1990

113 See also note from

Sir Gilbert laithwaite

to Secretary of State 11

August 1947 (BL OIOC

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

94 By a Burman judge See

McEnery 1990 114 note

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

Aung San hawikom hlun CPB Secretary Brg

Kyaw Zaw nih BBC biahalmi a lehning ah

lainawnnak `uanvo ngeitu cu Mirang cozah

an si a rak ti

hmanh an phaw ve hna lo Malhotra cu Vivian he sang

khat te ah a ummi asi i Vivian he zong U Saw he zong

aa kom ngaimi pa asi95 Bingley cu U Saw inn i zanriah

dumnak voikhat ah aa tel ve i ldquo[Kan] dihlak in

nangmah bawmh dingah timhcia kan sirdquo96 tiah ati ti

asi Khuaruat setsai lo a chimmi ruangah asi lai cu U

Saw nih thonginn a um lio ah a bawmtu ding cazin ah a

telh Asinain hi vialte an puhmi hna nihhin mithahnak

dingah a bawmtu ansi tinak dingah lsquoproofrsquo a pe kho lo

i hi hna chungin ahohmanh zong cu sualphawtnak an

tuah ve hna lo

Mi kaptu pawl 4th Burma Rifles chungin ansi

tiah aa cinken ziarmi an rak ummi nih a thattu taktak

kherhlainak dingah lam tampi a awnter ti awk asi

Zeicahtiah 4th Burma Rifles a uktu cu kan hngalh

bantuk in Ne Win asi caah asi Ralkap vialte lak i a

sang bik rian (reng) cu Aung San hnatlaknak thawngin

Let Ya pek a rak sindashNe Win an pe lo Aung San nih 4th

Burma Rifles ca i hruaitu ding ca hmanhah hin Ne Win

zaka ah Karen pa Kya Doe in kan thlen lai tiah a rak

ti97 Ne Win cu hi lio caan ah lieutenant colonel (Lt

Col) reng lawng a rak si rih98 ndashnain amah nak reng

sang deuhmi Let Ya Tun Hla Oung Kya Doe Smith

Dun le adang pawl nakin ralkap `ha deuh ka si tiah aa

ruat Karen pawl nih upa deuh rian an tlaihmi le Aung

San nih ramluatnak hmuh hnu ah ralkap (Army) vialte

hruaitu si te dingin Smith Dun a thimmi cungah a

hnak a doh i a thin a hniar ngaingai Ne Win hi Mirang

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

ralbawi tampi he aa theihngal vemi a si tikah Aung

San timhtuahmi le recommendations vialte hi a thli in

a hngalh zong a rak hngalh khawh vemi asi Cu pinah

amah nakin kum li a ngakchia deuhmi Aung San nih

a minung pawl hmai bakah nu a duh tuknak a zu din

tuknak phekah phunphai a huam tukmi tehna ruangah

fak tukin a rak caak Aung San `uanvo ngeitu asi chung

paoh cu reng sang bik rian cu ka phan kho lai lo tihi aa

hngalh diam

Cun Ne Win he pehtlai in Let Ya naupa Mya Hlaing

sin in a rami bia hi hngalh tlak biapi asi ve Mya Hlaing

cu 1946 kum `hal caan lio ah War Office ah cazi a rak

`uan A saya (boss) cu Ne Win he ruahnak aa hrawm`i

khomi Bo Aung Gyi asi99 Aung Gyi nih Mya Hlaing

cu a inn ah a auh cun ldquoThil biapi ruah ding kan ngeirdquo

tiah ati An tining ah Mya Hlaing cu Bo Aung Gyi inn

ah thla hnih chung khua a vung sa Cu lio ah cun Ne

Win inn zongah meithal kah thiam ngaimi Rangoon

Ba Swe khua a rak sa ve i Mya Hlaing le Ba Swe cu

ldquorian biapirdquo pakhat ldquo`uanvo laardquo dingin cawnpiak ansi

U Saw cawlcangh ning ldquozei tikah dah a inn in a chuahhellip

zeitik caan ah dah innlei ah a `iin tbk kha `ha tein an

ngiathlaiter hnardquo An ni a hung phanh tikah Mya Hlaing

nih maw`aw a mongh i Ba Sein nihcun Ne Win nih amah

ta a pekmi meithal aa ken

U Saw cuhellip a maw`aw dumpi cun a hung ra a

maw`aw mawngtu pa pawngah cun a `hu ko An

99 Brigadier Aung Gyi

was Ne Winrsquos main

co-conspirator in en-

gineering the events

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

that overthrew Nu in

1962 and Ne Winrsquos

deputy in the Revolu-

tionary Council Lat-

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

hnulei tein kan dawi hna Hmunhma remcaannak

zawn kan phanh tikah an maw`aw cu ka hun lonh

hna Cu bakte cun Rangoon Ba Swe nih a meithal

cu a hun phelh colh ve ko Rangoon Ba Swe nih

a voihnihnak tiang a von nolhchap rih U Saw cu

a `hutnak ah a cawl lelek i a kheng lo A voithum-

nak cu U Saw mit pawng thli lakah a kahhellip U Saw

nihhin Rangoon Ba Swe le keimah nih hi thil kan

tuah tihi zei tik hmanhah a thei lai lohellipzeicahtiah

hi kong cu kanmah palindashBo Ne Win Bo Aung Gyi

Rangoon Ba Swe le keimahndashlawng nih hngalh

dingmi thil asi caah asi

Kan pahnih ning tein PVO uniform kan i hruk

veve U Saw nih Aung San nih thah a ka timh tiah i ruat

sehlaw Aung San cu lehrulhnak tuah te seh ti ruahnak

he PVO uniform kan rak i hruknak cu asi tiah Mya

Hlaing nihcun a chim100

Ne Win le Rangoon Ba Swe cu lunghrinh awk in

voikhat an hun pawt `hannak [an rian`uannak] hmuh

khawh ansi rih 1947 July thla luhka hrawngah khan

Rangoon ah assistant commissioner of police rian

a uanmi Michael Busk nih ldquoBren gun 60 hrawng a tlaurdquo

ti a theih tikah ldquosecretariat zungpi [Aung San kainak

zung] kha felfai deuh in a himbawmnak dingah kilvenrdquo

dingin ruahnak a chuahpi ldquoKa chuahpimi ruahnak

curdquo tiah Busk nihcun ldquo[Aung San] nih a cohlang duh lo

ka minung pawl nih an ka dawt tuk ko i ka him ko lai

100 Mya Hlaing as told

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

Kyin Ho wrote up this

story in a pamphlet

published in Burmese

in 1992 and Mya Hla-

ing translated it into

English The English

translation is repro-

duced in part in Kin

Oung 1996 70-1 lsquoThe

journalist Tin Maung

Win wrote in a review

of Kin Oungrsquos book

ldquopersons claiming to

be disciples of this

or that leader began

to conspire against

those they imagined

as their masterrsquos po-

litical enemies at

times acting on their

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

engaged in foolhardy

exploitsrdquorsquo Email Kin

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

tiah ati Bren gun pawl an tlau le cangka in U Saw inn

va kherhlai dingah warrant chuah dingin kan hal Ka

ruahnak cu Politics ruangah an al cun kan inn ah a

um vemi palik bawi pakhat sin in zei ruangah ti sullam

a hnu ah kaa fiangrdquo101 Sihmanhselaw Aung San thah

an timhnak biathli cu a len cang caah a hawile nih a

himbawmnak ding caah an lungre a thei102 Ne Win nih

Aung San congh dingin `uanvo ka laak lai tiah amah

tein aa pe hi `uanvo cu ralkap sawhsawh hei pek ding

asi ko nain Ne Win nihcun Rangoon Ba Swe a fial cun

Ba Swe nih amah nak reng niam deuh Ye Myint le Ba

Tok a fial hna Hi hna pahnih nih Aung San cu chun he

zaan he an thah hna ni hlan tiang an congh103

Ne Win aa tel hrim ko ti a langhter khomi adang

lsquosourcersquo pakhat a um `hiam rih October 1947 ah Rev-

erend James W Baldwin cu Karen pawl independence

an halnak kongah a bawmtu na si tiin Insein thong

ah an rak thlak104 Thonginn cun an hun chuah i

Kawlram in an rak `hawl hnu ah Stonor nih a vung

leng Stonor sinah cun Insein thonginn chung a um lio

ah mithattu pawl [Aung San te a thattu pawl] an kaa

bakin a chuakmi Aung San an thahnak kong tuanbia dik

ka vung theih tiah a chimh U Saw cu zei zawn hmanhah

aa tel lo tiah Baldwin nih Stonor cu a chimh Hi lainawnnak ah

`uanvo ngeitu pawl cu Ne Win Kyaw Nyein U Nu le

Khin Maung Gale105 ansi tiah ati Baldwin nih hi kong

cu Daily Mail i editor a rak `uanmi Frank Owen nih a

hrihhawhmi a voikhatnak Kawlram Tlangcung Mi hna

101 Letter ME Busk to

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

to author 11 january

2000 U Thaung stat-

ed ldquoI even knew the

two men [Ye Myint

and Ba Tok] and talk

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

104 For ldquopreventing

agreementhellip between

the Karens and Bur-

meserdquo See ldquoSituation

in BurmandashSeptember

1947rdquo part I para-

graph 12

105 A founder member

of the Socialist Party

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

Hawikom pawl [Friends of the Burma Hill Peoples] i

tonnak ah a vung kal vemi Lieutenant Colonel John

Cromarty Tulloch le Stonor sinah taxi an i cuanh pah

in a chimh `han hna106 Stonor nih aa cinken rihmi ah

cun Baldwin nih Aung San an thahnak kong hi Daily

Mail ah a rak kuat bal cang107 nain Baldwin nih a

kuatmi ca [document] nehnang pakhat hmanh Daily

Mail cakuat fimnak bawm chungah cun an hmu lo108

A donghnak ah Insein palik zung ah district super-

intendent a rak `uanmi [General] Sein Hmon nih a

kuttang pa Saw Samson sinah a rak chimhmi bia kan

zoh rih lai Sein Hmon nihcun U Saw nih meithal a

cawkmi kong ah a hlathlaitu asi caah U Saw inn hauchung

va dothlat dingin mi ngiaphu a thlah hna ldquoA leeng

maw`awrdquo pakhat hmanh U Saw inn haukulh chungah

mithah lainawn ni tiang hrawnghrang ah a lutchuakmi

kan hmu lo tiah anti U Saw nih meithal a cawk taktak

ko tiah palik nih tehte an hun ngeih khawh tikah U

Saw tlaih dingin warrant an chuah i Sein Hmon nih

cun U Saw cu 19 July zinglei suimilam 900 ah a vung

tlaihndashmithah caan nak tuan deuh suimilam pakhat le

acheu ah asindashcun an va tlaih lio ah U Saw cu a chungle

he lawng an rak um ko Cu ni zaanlei bakte ah a muih

hnu tlawmpal ah maw`aw pakhat chungin a hung

chuakmi Kawl pawl nih ldquoAwngbi Awngbirdquo tiah an

awthareng in an au lenmi thawng kan theih tiah Sein

Hmon sinah cun a minung pawl nih report an rak

pek Vung hlathlai dingin minung a hei thlah hna

106 HA Stonor corre-

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

107 This is a matter of

record See note to Sir

Gilbert Laithwaite 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

108 An annotation of

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

was ldquoreturned to the

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

ment appears in that

file suggesting that

the Foreign and Com-

monwealth Office has

claasified it

a thaizing ah Sein Hmon cu Pegu ah an `hial colh

Sein Hmon nih ldquoKawlram mipi dihlak sinah fiang tukin

hngalh khawh tuk dingmi lihbiardquo cu a rak phuang duh

lo Zeicahtiah ldquoKawl le Kawl an i thahmi asi ihellip mi`halo

phun a zorter deuh lehlam hna lairdquo ti a ruah caah asi109

U Saw an tlaih caan zinglei 900 am hi Toyes nih a

hnu deuh suimilam pahnih hnu hrawngah phone ka

chawnh atimi he aa kalh Cu pinah Saw Samson nih

hi kong report a rak tuah lio ahhin Saw Samson cu Karen

National Union ambassador a rak si i Sein Hmon zong

cu Karen `hiam`hiam asi An chimmi hi anmah lawng

bia asi caah a dik tiah cun fehter khawh asi lo Sinain

a dik ko ahcun U Saw a pingin sual an phawtnak tehte

pakhat ah hman khawh asi ve hnga cu

[Politics ah] A biapi taktakmi biahalnak lei ah kal

cang usihndashAung San an thah ruangah aho[te] nihdah

miaknak an hmuh

Mirang cozah Karen pawl cun Mirang chawva

le ngeihchiah kilvennak communist pawl cun amah

U Saw lila te vialte hi sualphawt dingah tehte evidence

tlamtling a um lo caah hun kaltaak ta rih hna usi law a

taangmi cu U Nu Ne Win Kyaw Nyein le Khin Maung

Gale an si ko hnga U Nu cu luatnak a hmu cangmi

Kawlram ah prime minister a hmasabik ah an thim i

Ne Win nih a `hutnak a cuh tiang kum 13 chung bakte

Kawlram bawi bik `hutnak cun bawi a `uan Mithah

lainawn hnu thla thum a rauh ah Ne Win cu colonel

109 Letter Saw Samson

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

reng ah a kai colh cu hnu thla hnih a rauh ah brigadier

reng ah a kai `han110 1 February 1949 ah Smith-Dun `hutnak

Kawlram ralkap vialte ah a bawi bik reng cu a chawn111 cun

thla hnih a hun rauh ah U Nu acozah ah deputy prime min-

ister minister of home affairs le minister of defence reng

vialte a tlaih dih112 ldquoNe Win kha cabinet ah an luhtermi

[hi reng hmun thum ah an pekmi hi] Kawlram luatnak a

hmuh hnu a kum hleili tiangah official (a phung) a si lomi

kha official ah an rak tuah (an rak dehcawh)rdquo tiah Ameri-

can tuanbia `ialthiam Robert Taylor nihcun a `ial113 Khin

Maung Gale cu 1952 in 1956 tiang minister of home affairs

1956 kum ah minister of finance and revenues cun Kawlram

Pumpi Lothlo Pawl Bu ah lutlai changtu rian tehna an pek

ve Kyaw Nyein cu [Aung San nih Ba Pe le Tin Tut he tiin

zikawh ruangah an rian in ka phuah hna lai atimi cu] a

rian in phuah lo asi Cu pinah vuanci rian a `uan peng i

luatnak hmuh hnu ah Kawlram chungah a rum bikmi pa

ah aa chuah

Aung San a `anhtu pawl nihcun Bogyoke nih a caan a

zaat hlan i a thih ruangah hin Kawlram ah miphun lungrualnak

daihnak `hanchonak le rumnak ngah khawh dingmi vialte

kha mipi sinin firpiak [damiah `aih] kansi tiah anti Ne

Win saduhthah vialte tu cu a tlinter dih Aung San an thah

ruangah 4 January 1948 ni thawkin ram thar a hung simi

Kawlram nih a hun ton dingmi buaibainak vialte a daihter

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

Annotated Bibliography 58Aung San 1946 Burmarsquos Challenge Rangoon The New Light of Burma Press 3rd

edn 1974 Rangoon Aung Gyi reprinted in Silverstein 1993

Ba Maw 1968 Beakthrough in Burma Memoirs of a Revolution 1939-1946 New

Haven CT Yale University Press An ably argued justification for Burmarsquos

wartime alliance with the Japanese by the leader of the Japanese puppet

Ba U 1959 My Burma New York Taplinger

Collis Maurice 1956 Last and First in Burma London Macmillan A well-writ-

ten discussion of Britain engagement with Burma particularly the events

leading to independence critical of some aspects of British rule and some-

what sympathetic to nationalist views

Kin Oung 1996 Who Killed Aung San Bangkok White Lotus 2nd and A com-

mendably detached well-written study examining the official version of

Aung Sanrsquos murder drawing on the judgment reprinted in the appendix of

Dr Maung Maungrsquos study and on personal British and other sources

Lintner Bertil 1999 Burma in Revolt Opium and Insurgency Since 1948 Chiang

Mai Thailand Silkworm Books (Alettu chapmi)

Maung Maung Dr 1962 A Trial in Burma The Assassination of Aung San The

hague Matinus Nijhoff Describes broadly the police investigation and

trial of U Saw and others for the murder of Aung San and six of his ex-

ecutive council colleagues Characteristically well-written and concise An

appendix reproduces the Special Tribunalrsquos judgment As scholars are not

allowed access to the police record the transcript of the trial or even con-

temporary local media reports of the case this book is our main source for

the facts but it accepts the official version of Sawrsquos guilt uncritically and

appears to have been written as an apology for the official version The

Annotated Bibliography 59author shared Ne Winrsquos contempt for ldquolegislature politicsrdquo Ne Win ap-

pointed him Chief Justice of Burma and he wrote an adulatory biography

of Ne Win

Maung Maung Dr 1969 Burma and Ne Win Rangoon Religious Affairs Depart-

ment PressLondon Asia Publishing House A sycophantic eulogy of Ne

Win set against the political developments in Burma from the turn of the

century to the mid-1960s Published under Ne Winrsquos Revolutionary Coun-

cilrsquos censorship laws

Maung Maung U 1989 Burmese Nationalist Movements 1940-1948 Edinburgh

KiscadaleHonolulu University of Hawaii Press A well-research study of

pre-independence nationalist politics from a Burman nationalist perspec-

tive drawing on both British and Burman sources

Pye Lucien W 1962 Politics Personality and Nation Building Burmarsquos Search

for Identity New Haven Connecticut Yale University Press (Lintner

quote-mi)

Sesser Stan 1994 The Lands of Charm and Cruelty New York Vintage Books A

Division of Ramdom House Inc (Alettu chapmi)

Silverstein Josef (ed) 1993 The Political Legacy of Aung San Ithaca NY Cor-

nell University Southeast Asia Program revised edn A short discursive

study of the development of Aung Sanrsquos political ideas and an anthology

of his published speeches and writings

Smith Martin 1991 Burma Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity London

Zed 2nd enlarged edn 1999 London and New York ZedDhaka The

University PressBangkok White Lotus An awesomely authoritative and

detailed study of the complexities of the Burmese Civil Wars drawn from

years of research of the London archives and interviews with many of the

Annotated Bibliography 60leading participants

Suu Kyi Aung San1991 Freedom From Fear London Penguin Books (Lintner

quote-mi)

Taylor Robert 1987 The State in Burma London C HurstHonolulu University

of Hawaii Press A study of the manner and effects of the exercise of state

power in Burma from the restoration of the Toungoo dynasty in 1587 to

Ne Winrsquos military lsquostewardshiprsquo Taylor argues that the essential function

and central control of society including the elimination of rivals have re-

mained constant

Tinker Hugh 1959 The Union of Burma A Study of the First Years of Inde-

pendence London Oxford University Press 2nd Edition A vivid account

of political developments in Burma from the end of colonial rule to the

mid-1950s well-supported and readable but narrated entirely from the

conspectus of Burma Proper

Tinker Hugh (ed) 1984 Burma The Struggle for Independence 1944-1948

London HMSO An annotated selection of many of the most important

uncensored official archival documents tracking Burmarsquos transition to

independence

copy Za Lian Ceu (2007)

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl

Kawl Phuntanh Thawhkehning

Aung San Chan Uarmi Cauk amp Ruahnak

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Aung San Lainawnnak amp A Ralkap Pawl

Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak

A Thattu Kong Zapi Theihmi

Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That

Chirhchanhmi Cauk Pawl

Biahmai`hi 1

Dal Khatnak 3

Aung San Lunglennak 3

Aung San le A Huatu Kawl Phun`anh Pawl 4

Kawl Phun`anh Pawl an Thawhkeh Ning 9

Aung San Chan Lio Rak Uarmi Cauk le Ruahnak 12

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal 16

Aung San Lainawnnak amp A Ralkap Pawl 20

Mi Bocal Aung San 24

Dal Hnihnak A Thattu Kong Mipi Theihtermi 27

Dal Thumnak Aho Cu Dah A That Hnga 36

Annotated Bibliography 58

1Biahmai`hi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

taktak

3 Collis 1956270

thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


1Biahmai`hi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

taktak

3 Collis 1956270

thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

taktak

3 Collis 1956270

thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

taktak

3 Collis 1956270

thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


taktak

3 Collis 1956270

thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


thah tawn hna

lo ti a fiang fawn

Freedom League

mission of Enquiry

6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


6 Aung San 1946 189

stein (ed) 1993 148

7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


7 Ibid 153-4158

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


biapimi cu

letter HA Stonor to

Martin Smith Sep-

tember 1997

fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


fiang ngaingai cang

hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


hmuh hna ningah cun

11 Linter 1999 35

12 Pye 1962 259

motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


motto ah

Kawlca kan ca

Kawlholh kan holh

13 Suu Kyi 1991 143-

14 Linter 1999 47

Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Kan ram daw u

Kan ca sunhlawih u

bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


bik ko tiah an ti

15 From an essay

in GDF Overstreet

and M Winmiller

Communism in India

(Los Angeles Uni-

Press 1959) pp 466-

8 Redacted Khin Yi

198849

an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


an tlaih17

16 Tinker 1959 7

17 U Maung Maung

1989 21

18 Dr Maung Maung

1969 55

U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


U Saw Kong Tlawmpal

Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Dr Maung Maung

1969 63

20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


20 U Maung Maung

1989 8

an zumh Cambridge

ah BA University of

Bordeaux ah PhD a

ngahmi pa a si

22 Dr Maung Maung

23 U Maung Maung

1989 68

24 Ibid 90

a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


a zulh lio

ah U Nu nih

Mirang nih

he thleidannak

a rak kan tuah

ruangah Kawl

le tlangcungmi

karah huatnak

a chuahter timi

bia tu cu tlang-

cungmi nih an

25 Lintner 1999 77-78

26 Ibid 80

(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


(BLOIOC M5102

Tinker (ed) 1984

vol1 item 452 728

Tun Ok who stated

that he was an eye-

witness to the mur-

der maintained that

Aung San used his

Telegram Sir Regi-

nald Dorman-Smith

to Burma 25 Febru-

ary 1946 (BL OIOC

M5102) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol 1

item 406 661

mi a si

loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


loin an tuah

a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


a hun phanhter hna

29 Tinker 1959 17

a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


a mawhchiat hna

Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Mi Bocal Aung San

methods he aa lo32

30 J W Baldwin mem-

Pethick-Lawrence to

OIOC M42736) al-

31 Note Sir Gilbert

Laithwaite to Lord

Pethick-Lawrence 19

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

32 30 April 1949

33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


33 Note appended to

correspondence with

HA Stonor 17 June

Author 23 January

35 U Maung Maung

1989 295

36 Ibid

37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


37 Baldwin memoran-

dum p2

38 U Maung Maung

1989 295

Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Dal Hnihnak

39 Editor a `uannak

Deedok magazine min

in an kawhmi a si

thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


thaizing ah an thi

40 The other absent

Po Thin (transport

and communica-

See U Maung Maung

1989 339 note 123

citing Hanthawaddy

20 July 1947 pp1-2

41 Dr Maung Maung

1962 19

42 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673 refers

guard outside the

doorrdquo

chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


chim44

43 Dr Maung Maung

1962 76

a member of the Ex-

ecutive Council He

was however a close

the speaker of the

chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


chim ve

hna tiah ati

45 Aung Zan Wai and

Ba Gyan See Kin

Oung 1996 13

2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


2084941)

1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


1947(BL OIOC M42715

item 469 696 ibid 909

1947 (BL OIOC M42715

501 732 note ibid 917

judgment

54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


54 The words were

those of the judg-

ness Kin Oung (1996

Maung was a report-

er but contemporary

testimony such as

that in The Burman

1947 described him

as an accountant

ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


ngaihthiam a si

Chingchiah awk

son Truck)

kan kir ati

amnam a tlau ati

lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


lieve that U Saw in

his position had no

suspicion that his

house might be un-

1 August 1947 para-

graph 6 (PRO WO

2084941)

Dal Thumnak

WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


WO 2084941) Tinker (ed) 1984

vol II item 481 709

1946 (BL OIOC M42504) Tin-

1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


1 August 1947 para-

August 1947 para-

graph 13

Hubert Rance 29

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 703-4

bert Rance 28 July

1947 (BL OIOC

M42721) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 475 704 note

laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


laak `han66

sador Bowker to ME

Dening 8 May 1948

(PRO FO 37169472)

Italics added

63 Ambassador Bowk-

as FO F74541779

The Foreign Office

file index for 1948

F74541779 as the

police

64 Nawlnak SOE hi a

careltu caah zeiset

Alettu

65 PRO HS124 BL

OIOC M42032

66 Ibid

67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


67 The case was The

King v U Saw et al

porary Archives 28

1948 Tin Tut re-

position as finance

Sir Hubert Rance to

gust 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 481 709

69 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22

70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


70 Ba U 1959 195

quoted in Dr Maung

Maung 1962 22 Em-

phasis added

been abolished

72 Dr Maung Maung

1962 22-3

73 Ibid 24

74 Ibid

paragraph 1

76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


76 Dr Maung Maung

1962 85

77 Ibid

78 Ibid 84

nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


nihcun

phaan caah asi79

79 Ibid 34

sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


sation with Toye 5

October 2000 Toye

correspondence with

author 25 March

really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


really killed Aung

al Union Bulletin

paragraph) Alasdair

McCrae formerly of

Company told this

ma Luncheon Club

in 1985 Kin Oung

(1996 61 142) re-

with minor variant

and Michael Busk as

his sources

82 Telegram RWD

Fowler to Sir Gil-

bert Laithwaite 19

July 1947 (BL OIOC

M42714) Tinker

(ed) 1984 vol II

item 452 673

Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Maung Maung asi

83 Nu obituary The

Nation 20 Septem-

ber 1948

84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


84 Tinker 1959 38

an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


an tipiak86

A donghnak bik

lo bik cun vawlei

cungah a um bal

lomi thil zong asi

86 Ibid 70

this statement has

requested anonymity

88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


88 Dr Maung Maung

1962 25n

United States Court

of Appeals for the

that was shipped to

me in New Orleans

from Dallas free of

Crimes Tribunal was

court having cus-

should be the High

Court of Burma

When I sought the

continue this quest

Aung San BBC 2 19

July 1997

weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


weapons used The 45

round McEnery 1990

M42715) Tinker (ed)

1984 vol II item 489 716

92 Smith 1991 114

93 Kin Oung 1996 51-2

3 Kin Oung 1996 54

an si a rak ti

tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


tuah ve hna lo

95 Kin Oung 1996 54

96 Ibid 95

97 Kin Oung 1996 104

98 Ba Maw 1968 329

hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


hngalh diam

that brought the

Caretaker Govern-

ment to power in

1958 and the coup

er Ne Win arrested

him See Smith 1991

8 201 212

to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


to Dr Kyin Ho (aka

Naing Win) in 1987

story in a pamphlet

English The English

to conspire against

those they imagined

litical enemies at

own Writer Yangon

Ba Swe himself had

confessed in Bang-

kok in 1972 that he

and Mya Hlaing had

Oung to author 18

January 2000 Both

Mya Hlaing and Yan-

gon Ba Swe are now

HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


HA Stonor 24 Octo-

ber 1983

author 23 January

103 Email U Thaung

2000 U Thaung stat-

two men [Ye Myint

to them on occa-

sionsrdquo

the Karens and Bur-

graph 12

who had served with

Nu on FACE Tinker

1959 392 U Maung

Maung 1989 289

293 296

spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


spondence with au-

thor February 2000

December 1947 (BL

OIOC M42736)

the relevant For-

eign and Common-

wealth Office file

PRO FO 37163266

appearing between

documents dated 28

November and 8 De-

cember 1947 states

that a document

FCO under reference

F15969879379rsquo

but no such docu-

claasified it

miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


miaknak an hmuh

to HA Stonor 27

January 1983

ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


ah aa chuah

kho ti lo

A dih cang

110 Tinker (ed)

1984 vol I 1050

111 Dr Maung

Maung 1969

112 Ibid 214

113 Taylor 1987

of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


of Ne Win

quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


quote-mi)

mained constant

independence

Aung San Hodah That

Chungbia Pawl

Biahmaithi

Dal Khatnak

Aung San Lunglennak

Aung San Huatu Pawl



U Saw Kong Tlawmpal


Mi Bocal Aung San

Dal Hnihnak


Dal Thumnak

Aho Cu Dah A That


Documents

Aung San Hodah That (Booklet)

unfaithful