August 2017 EditionThis guide was written and prepared by the

Reference & Information Services librarians at Tallahassee Community College

www.tcc.fl.edu/library850-201-8383

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APA FORMAT

The following examples and explanations follow the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition and the APA website www.apastyle.org for revisions. This handout is to be used as a guide and does not preclude using the above cited APA resources.

***AVOID PLAGIARISM – USE APA STYLE CITATIONS!***

You must credit all facts, opinions, and quotes taken from outside sources. All sources must be identified with an in-text parenthetical note and the item information listed at the end of the paper under “References.”

GETTING STARTED FORMATING IN APA

- Font = Times New Roman, 12-point size

- Document margins to 1 inch - Insert page numbers in top right corner - Double space the entire document - A title page is standard unless otherwise specified by your instructor

THE AUTHOR-DATE SYSTEM & IN-TEXT CITATIONS

APA style citations incorporate the author, date, and page number of any quotation you use.

Always use the author or authors’ last name(s).

Include the publication date in the text of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.

Direct quotations require the page number(s) of the original location of the source.

Use past tense in the phrase leading into the quotation.

You do not need to identify a source of information that is common knowledge. For example: Sigmund Freud lived from 1856-1939.

Page numbers may be omitted when referencing an entire work. Confused? Don’t worry, just check out the examples below demonstrating these basic rules of APA.

DIRECT QUOTATIONS (fewer than 40 words)

A direct quotation is an exact restatement of a writer's or a speaker's words enclosed in quotation marks. When quoting, there are options in APA to list the author, publication date, and page referenced in-text. The goal is to put all three elements – author, date, and page number – into the sentence with the quotation.

Quote taken from Philip Zimbardo’s book, The Lucifer Effect:

Zimbardo (2007) concluded that humans “are not slaves to the power of situational forces” (p. 446).

OR The results showed that humans “are not slaves to the power of situational forces” (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 446).

Corresponding citation for this book on the references page:

Zimbardo, P.G. (2007). The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil. New York: Random House.

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PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing means to completely rephrase a quotation so the central idea is restated in your own words. It is not enough to just rearrange a few words! Paraphrased material does not include quotation marks but does require an in-text notation.

ORIGINAL QUOTE: The findings showed that adolescents and young adults, including college students, appear to be one of

the most sleep-deprived groups in the United States.

POORLY WORDED & PLAGIARIZED PARAPHRASE:

Teenagers and college students in the United States appear to be the most sleep-deprived group.

CORRECT PARAPHRASING & CITATION:

Research on which American population groups suffer the most from sleep-deprivation found that

teenagers and college students lead all others (Forester, 2008).

NO AUTHOR’S NAME When a work has no author, use the first two or three words of the title for the in-text citation.

Article in a journal/magazine/website or book chapter put in quotes

A recent study shows homeless children are often overlooked ("Study Finds," 2010).

Title of a book, journal, magazine, newspaper, brochure, film or video put in italics

Merit based assessment is primarily a means of promotion (Debating Affirmative Action, 2008).

NO DATE If there is no date, put (n.d.) for “no date.”

“Yearly increases in adolescent alcohol consumption” was noted (Weinberg, n.d., p. 15).

NO PAGE NUMBERS

Electronic sources or articles from websites might not have page numbers; in this case, start at the beginning and count the PARAGRAPH NUMBER. Use (para.) instead of (p.) followed by the paragraph number:

Factors plagued the experiment, which resulted in “no substantial findings” (Kramer, 2008, para. 6).

If possible, include the nearest chapter or section heading, then count the paragraphs until the quote:

Kramer (2008) could not verify the findings of the previous study (Conclusion section, para. 4).

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QUOTE OCCURS ON MORE THAN ONE PAGE

Put (pp.) and place a dash in between the page numbers the quote begins and ends on.

There has been “much debate about whether or not the study’s results were accurate” (pp. 9-10).

HOW TO QUOTE A QUOTATION (citing indirect sources)

You may quote something that has been quoted in another source. If you didn’t cite from the original work, indicate ‘as cited in’ followed by the author, date, page number of the secondary source.

In 1936, Keynes wrote “governments should run deficits when the economy is slow to avoid

unemployment” (as cited in Richardson, 2008, p. 257).

BLOCK QUOTATIONS (more than 40 words)

If a quotation is MORE THAN 40 WORDS, display in a free standing block and leave out the quotation marks. Begin a block quotation on a new line, indented five spaces from the left margin, introduced with a colon. The parenthetical note is placed after the final punctuation. Check with your instructor if they allow block quotations.

Cowley (2006) revealed the following concerning Hepatitis C:

Anyone who received a blood transfusion before 1992 could easily have been exposed.

The danger was especially high in the 1960's, when blood banks paid donors and

screening was lax. HCV infected a third of all transfusion recipients between 1960 and

‘65, according to Dr. Adrian Di Bisceglie, and the infection rate is close to 100 percent

among hemophiliacs who received clotting factors before the mid-1980s. (p. 49)

PARENTHETICAL IN-TEXT CITATION EXAMPLES NOTE: EXAMPLES ARE SINGLE-SPACED IN THIS GUIDE TO CONSERVE PAPER.

BE SURE TO DOUBLE-SPACE BETWEEN ALL LINES.

ONE WORK BY TWO AUTHORS

Include both last names of the authors in alphabetical order every time. Only join the names with an ampersand (&) when the names are placed in the parenthetical citation.

Grossman and Lenz (2009) discovered that children are most likely to be intimidated.

OR Children are most likely to be intimidated (Grossman & Lenz, 2009).

ONE WORK BY THREE TO SIX AUTHORS

Cite the names of all the authors the first time the text reference occurs. In subsequent citations, include the last name of the first author followed by "et al.".

Herbal medicines “have been found to alleviate stress” (Isacc, Klein, Fox, & Metress, 2004).

Subsequent citation

“Post-partum depression has been diagnosed amongst users in the group” (Isacc et al., 2004).

ONE WORK BY SEVEN OR MORE AUTHORS

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Cite only the last name of the first author followed by "et al." - only list all authors’ names in the reference list.

The date rape phenomenon has been acknowledged (Dornbusch et al., 2009).

Dornbusch et al. (2009) acknowledged the date rape phenomenon.

ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY – NO AUTHOR

Cite the title of the unsigned article using quotation marks.

New Orleans has always been a meeting place for musicians ("Jazz History," 1999).

ORGANIZATION, INSTITUTION, OR GOVERNMENT ENTITY AS AUTHOR

If the name of a corporate author is long and if it is familiar and readily recognizable, you may abbreviate the name in the second and subsequent in-text citations.

First citation in text Control group participants exhibited no reaction (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2008).

Subsequent citation The results were unanticipated and startling (CDC, 2008, p. 123). PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

APA style only requires an in-text citation for personal communications. Give the first initial and last name of the interviewee, the type of communication (interview, lecture, email), and provide the date:

Great concern was expressed about the economic recovery (R. Scott, interview, May 3, 2011).

POWERPOINT SLIDES OR LECTURE NOTES

PowerPoint slides or lecture notes should only be cited if they are electronically accessible in some way, like posted on the Internet or hosted in Canvas. Use the author’s last name and the year.

WEBSITE CITATIONS

To cite an entire general website (but not a specific document on the site), it’s sufficient to give the address of the site in a parenthetical note at the end of the sentence. No reference entry is needed in these instances.

Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (http://www.kidspsych.org).

WEBSITE – NO AUTHOR’S NAME AVAILABLE

To cite specific materials on a website, include author’s last name, date, and paragraph number for the in-text citation. If no author name is available; use the first words of the title in quotation marks.

“Researchers are seeing promising results of the first long-term clinical trial that measured

stabilization of Alzheimer’s symptoms” (“Therapy Shows Promise,” 2012, para. 3).

Example signal phrase introductions (past tense) When including a quotation or referencing outside sources, use a verb in past tense:

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Zimbardo argued, described, explained, claimed, asserted, noted, referred to, cited, contended, concluded, showed, found, revealed, put forth, stated…

FORMATTING THE REFERENCE PAGE

At the end of your paper, center “References” at the top of a new page - do not enclose in quotation marks, bold, underline, or put in all-caps.

Record all the sources that you have used for your research paper in one single alphabetical list by author’s last name, or, if no author, use the title.

Every reference entry must correspond to an in-text citation.

HANGING INDENT for reference entries (select the ‘Paragraph’ menu in Microsoft Word).

Double-space all reference entries - Times New Roman and 12 point font size.

Remove blue hyperlinks that automatically generate after inserting an Internet address.

Preformatted Citations in Databases

Preformatted reference citations are sometimes provided by the database. Check around the text of the article and look for a button or link that says ‘cite’ or ‘citation tools.’ Make sure to use the APA style format. Double check the formatting, like italics, punctuation, and capitalization because preformatted citations are not always correct.

REFERENCE CITATION EXAMPLES

These are some commonly used reference citation examples. If you cannot find an example that applies to your source, follow the most appropriate example for the type of document or media you are citing.

Electronic journal article from a TCC database with DOI*

Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Name of Periodical, Volume #(Issue #), XX-XX. Retrieved from

database name. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxx

*NEW RULE: See page 17 - attach http://dx.doi.org/ if a DOI # is given.

✔ List authors as shown in the article information, not alphabetical order.

✔ Give last names and initials for up to and including seven authors.

✔ Only the first letter of a sentence and proper nouns are capitalized in an article title.

✔ There is no space between volume number and issue number.

✔ At TCC, include the database name an item was retrieved from.

Page numbers

DOI is not

always available

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JOURNAL ARTICLES

Electronic journal article from TCC database with DOI - PsycARTICLES

Thompson, E. H., & Cracco., E. J. (2008). Sexual aggression in bars: What college men can

normalize. Journal of Men’s Studies, 16(1), 82-96. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES

database. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.1601.82

Electronic journal article with no DOI

Gebhardt, J. (2005). Road to Abu Ghraib: U.S. Army detainee doctrine and experience. Military

Review, 85(1), 44-50. Retrieved from Gale Power Search database.

Electronic journal article from TCC database, more than 7 authors with no DOI

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard, G., . . .

Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation. Nicotine and Tobacco

Research, 6, 249-267. Retrieved from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition database.

Print journal article

Barlow, D. H. (Ed.). (2002). Diagnoses, dimensions, and DSM-IV: The science of classification

[Special Issue]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3).

Abstract from a journal article – Abstracts can be used as sources; but it is preferable to cite the full text of an article.

Martin, K. (2007). Food insecurity and gender are risk factors for obesity [Abstract]. Journal of

Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(1), 31-36. Abstract retrieved from MEDLINE

database.

Online journal article from the Internet - if there is no DOI assigned give the URL of the journal home page

Klein, B., Shandley, K., Austin, D. & Nordin, S. (2008). A pilot trial of ‘Panic Online’ as a self-

guided treatment for panic disorder. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(2), 25-30.

Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

Book review in journal Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Exposing the self-knowledge myth. [Review of the book The self-

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knower: A hero under control, by Wicklund, R. & Eckert, M.]. Contemporary Psychology,

38, 466-467.

MAGAZINE & NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Note the date includes the month and day; follow this format in your in-text parenthetical citation.

Internet magazine article with author

Miller, L. (2008, June 7). Gays: The ‘out’ club on Christian campuses. Newsweek. Retrieved from

http://www.newsweek.com/gays-out-club-christian-campuses-90933

Internet magazine article without author - provide only homepage URL when article is no longer available or requires subscription access.

Clear as mud: A new legal threat to Obamacare. (2014, July 24). The Economist. Retrieved from

http://www.economist.com

Print magazine article with author

Bohn, J. (2005, October/November). Disasters: A bad year. Science, 310, 1883.

Malloy, R. G. (2008, July 7-14). Religious life in the age of Facebook. America, 199(1), 14-16.

Print magazine article without author Election snafus still not resolved. (2004, June). USA Today, 132, 1-2.

Print advertisement in magazine

Kids and tobacco: No! [Back cover advertisement, Philip Morris USA] (2000, November 6). New

Republic, 233 (19), 52.

Internet newspaper article with author

Benn, E. S. & Andron, S. (2008, August 12). More college students using food stamps. The Miami

Herald. Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com

Newspaper article from the TCC Library databases

Bazar, E. (2007, March 2). More colleges banning smoking - trend now reaching bigger

universities. St. Petersburg Times, p. A1. Retrieved from Newsbank database.

Newspaper article with no author from the TCC Library database

Oil and gas boom offers big opportunities, hazards. (2012, November 23). USA Today, p. A.10.

Retrieved from SIRS Issues Researcher database.

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Print newspaper article

Johnston, D. (2001, June 20). U.S. to consider settling suit against tobacco companies. New York

Times, pp. A1, A20.

BOOKS One author or editor – If author is listed as an editor, place (Ed.) after the name.

Jones, E. (1953). The life and work of Sigmund Freud. New York: Basic Books.

Two to seven authors – If authors are listed as editors, place (Eds.) after their names.

Segars, J.H., & Barrow, C.K. (Eds.). (2007). Black southerners in Confederate armies. Gretna,

LA: Pelican Press.

More than seven authors - List first six authors’ names, and then enter ellipses . . . followed by the last author’s name listed.

Thomas, D.N., Fogg, G.E., Convey, P., Fritsen, C.H., Gili, J-M., Gradinger, R., . . . Walton,

D.W.H. (2008). The biology of polar regions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Organization/institution as author

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2012). Interpreters and translators.

In Occupational outlook handbook (2012-2013th ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Bernan.

College Board. (2012). Accounting. In Book of majors 2013 (7th ed.). New York: College Board.

No author specified

Drugs and attitude change: Nonmedical drug use, attitudes and attitude change. (2000).

Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Chapter in a book

Cook, P. W. (1997). Is it real? The evidence for a significant social problem. In Abused men: The

hidden side of domestic violence (pp. 1-42). Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Electronic Book – Include only home page URL for Google Books, Netlibrary, etc.

Fullter, H. B. (1906). The purchase of Florida: Its history and diplomacy. Retrieved from

http://books.google.com/books

Author’s name

Year of publication

Title of work Publisher location

Name of publisher

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Chapter in an E-book from database

Cook, P. W. (2009). Is it real? The evidence for a significant social problem. In Abused men: The

hidden side of domestic violence (pp. 1-42). Retrieved from ABC-CLIO eBook Collection

SECONDARY SOURCES

Article or chapter in an edited book

Aromfreed. J. (1998). The concept of internalization. In D. Goslin & J. Williams, (Eds.),

Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 263-480). New York, NY: Rand

McNally.

Author’s work or works edited by another person

Rickman, J. (Ed.). (1999). A general selection from the works of Sigmund Freud. Garden City,

NY:

Doubleday Anchor Books.

TEXTBOOKS at TCC

Citing specific chapter

McDermott, P. (2007). Diversity. In G. Fisher & M. Menzel (Eds.), College success: SLS 1510

your passport to success (pp. 2-5). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.

Citing entire textbook

Fisher, G. & Menzel, M. (Eds.). (2007). College success: SLS 1510 your passport to success.

Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.

ENCYCLOPEDIAS, DICTIONARIES, THESARUS (REFERENCE WORK)

Author provided

Bergmann, P. G. (2000). Earthquakes. In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 22, pp.211-

213). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Jones, L.K. (2007). Nurses. Retrieved from Testing & Education Reference Center database.

No author, no date - title moves to author position

Nurses. (2007). Retrieved from Testing & Education Reference Center database..

Print edition online, include edition number, retrieved date not needed

Advertising and marketing. (n.d.). In Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance, 15th ed.

Retrieved from Ferguson’s Career Guidance database.

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PAMPHLET/BROCHURE

Follow the sample APA template below. Include pamphlet/brochure in brackets. If the publisher is the same as the author, write ‘Author’ after the place of publication.

Lastname, First initial(s) or Organization Name. (Date.) Title of brochure [Brochure]. Place: Publisher.

Medical Research Modernization Committee. (2003). Critical look at animal research [Brochure].

New York, NY: Author.

AUDIO/VISUAL MEDIA Motion Picture

Hitchcock, A. (Director). (1954). Dial M for murder [Motion picture]. United States: Warner

Brothers Pictures.

Video/DVD

American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2005). Bullying prevention: APA psychotherapy

series: Psychology in the schools [DVD].

Episode in television series – Writer and director in author in author position and producer in editor position.

Shore, D., & Foster, D. (Writers), & Yaitanes, G. (Director). (2010).Unplanned parenthood

[Television series episode]. In P. Attanasio (Producer), House. New York, NY: Fox

Broadcasting.

Online Film review Ebert, R. (1991, February 14). The silence of the lambs. [Review of the motion picture The silence

of the lambs]. Retrieved http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-silence-of-the-lambs-1991

STREAMING MEDIA (YouTube, Netflix, Films on Demand)

Film on streaming video service (Hulu, Netflix)

Spurlock, M. (Writer/Director/Producer). (2004). Super size me [Motion picture]. USA: Kathbur

Pictures. Retrieved from http://www.hulu.com/watch/63283

Social video websites (YouTube, Flickr, etc.) – Put title of video first.

The original grumpy cat [Video file]. (2012). Retrieved from

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INscMGmhmX4

Films on Demand database (when citing entire film)

Discounted dreams: High hopes and harsh realities at America’s community colleges [Video file].

(2007). Retrieved from Films on Demand database.

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AUDIO / MUSIC RECORDING

Audio recording from TCC database

Baker, N.D. (Speaker). (1920). Comments on the League of Nations [Audio recording]. Retrieved

from World History database.

Musical album

Black Eyed Peas. (2009). The E.N.D. [CD]. Santa Monica, CA: Interscope Records.

Single Digital Song (Mp3, WAV, AAC)

Flux Pavilion. (2011). Bass canon [Mp3]. United Kingdom: Circus Records.

PHOTOGRAPHS/IMAGES/MAPS Image from a book

Matisse, H. (1905). The green stripe [Oil painting]. In C. Strickland & J. Boswell, The annotated

Mona Lisa: A crash course in art history from prehistoric to post-modern (p.134). Kansas

City: Andrews and McMeel, 1992.

Image retrieved online, no information – provide short description and type of work in

brackets

[Untitled screen capture of baby playing with cobra]. Retrieved May 26, 2011 from

http://www.snopes.com/photos/animals/babycobra.asp

Photograph from a magazine

Yoder, D. (n.d.). Roman colosseum [Photograph]. In T. Mueller, Unearthing the colosseum's

secrets. Smithsonian, 41(9), 26-27.

Map retrieved online

Central Intelligence Agency. (2011). Antarctic [Map]. Retrieved from

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/refmap_antarctic.html

ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS Collection of letters from an archive

Gorham, T. T. (1923-1992). Correspondence. Thelma T. Gorham Papers, Meek-Eaton Archives, (Box

83, Folder 11), Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and Museum, Florida

A&M University.

Image from archive

[Photographs of African American cemeteries in Florida]. (ca. 1850-1950). Riley House Archives (Box

122, Folder 13a), John G. Riley Center / Museum of African American History & Culture,

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Tallahassee Community College.

INTERVIEWS, LECTURES, SPEECHES

APA does not require a reference page citation because a personal interview is not going to be searchable and recoverable by those reading your paper. Check with the instructor if they want a reference citation:

Scott, R. (2011, June 3). Tuition increases for higher education in Florida: An interview with the

governor. Interview by R. Murgo [Tape recording]. Tallahassee, FL.

Oard, D. W. (2001). Bringing Star Trek to life: Computers that speak and listen [PowerPoint

presentation]. Retrieved from University of Maryland website:

http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~oard/papers/cpsp118t.ppt

INTERNET WEBPAGES

Creating citations from general Internet sources can be tricky because they all do not follow the same formatting standards. Try to include author, date, title, and the source URL.

If no author or organization is available, place the title before the date

Use n.d. (no date) when a publication date is not available

Break a URL that goes to another line after a slash or before a period

Remove hyperlink if auto-generated

Include a retrieval date only with material that is expected to change over time (wiki)

Entire website links are allowed in APA but only the homepage URL for articles is required

Article on a Website Example Author(s) of article. (Date Published or Last Revision). Title of document. Retrieved from URL of website

Internet Media

Zdanowicz, C. (2013, February 5). Teen narrowly escapes death after smoking synthetic marijuana.

Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/04/health/synthetic-marijuana-irpt/

Organization

Sea Turtle Restoration Project. (2006). Threats to sea turtles. Retrieved from

http://seaturtles.org/section.php?id=104

Occupational Outlook Handbook governmental website

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2012). Interpreters and translators. In

Occupational outlook handbook. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Media-and-Communication/Interpreters-and-translators.htm

University website

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Florida State University. (2012). College of business. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from

http://cob.fsu.edu/Academic-Programs/Graduate-Degree

Tallahassee Community College

Tallahassee Community College. (2012). Radiologic technology, A.S. (2149). Retrieved April 9,

2013, from https://www.tcc.fl.edu/College/TypeOfProgram/Pages/2149.aspx

Wikipedia ***Never cite Wikipedia for any TCC assignment – unless cleared by your instructor***

Psychology (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

TOPIC/ISSUES DATABASES

OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS IN CONTEXT OVERVIEW ESSAY Culture of beauty. (2013). Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints in Context database.

VIEWPOINT ESSAY - Replace long website address with database name.

Williams, M. E. (2013). Attractiveness is necessary for some jobs. In L. I. Gerdes (Ed.), Opposing

Viewpoints: The Culture of Beauty. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved from Opposing

Viewpoints in Context database.

ARTICLE FROM MAGAZINE – Omit the issue/volume; include title as if it were an online web article.

Givhan, R. (2012, October 22). Fashion's full-figured failure. Newsweek. Retrieved from Opposing

Viewpoints in Context database.

ARTICLE FROM NEWSPAPER – Omit the page number; include title as if it were an online web article.

Gunn, D. (2013, July 11). Where beauty is as beauty does. New York Times. Retrieved from Opposing

Viewpoints in Context database.

CQ RESEARCHER

Weeks, J. (2013, June 14). Climate change. CQ Researcher, 23, 521-544. Retrieved from CQ

Researcher database.

SIRS ISSUES RESEARCHER

Brawley, O. (2012, November 27) The benefits and harms of cancer screening. NCI Cancer

Bulletin. Retrieved from SIRS Issues Researcher database.

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ISSUES & CONTROVERSIES

Gun control: Update (2012, December 17). Retrieved from Issues & Controversies database.

Sample Research Paper Format

1 in. margins, double-spaced, left-justify, 12 point Times New Roman font size for the entire document

Title page

Most instructors will not require an abstract. Check the assignment’s instructions.

Running head: FIRST FEW WORDS IN TITLE ALL CAPS 1

Full Title

Your Name

School Name

Course Number & Name

Instructor Name

Month Day, Year

FIRST FEW WORDS OF TITLE 3

The Complete Title

The body of the paper is written in

Times New Roman 12 point font. It

should be double spaced and left

justified with one inch margins.

Bold Section Titles

.

FIRST FEW WORDS OF TITLE 2

Abstract

The abstract is not indented. It

concisely describes the study or

paper in 75-300 words. The abstract

describes problems under

investigation, study methods,

findings, conclusions and

implications.

Keywords: tags, keywords,

synonyms

“Running head:” on the title page only.

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Below is an example of a reference page.

References

Aronfreed, J. (1995). The concept of internalization. In D. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization

theory and research (pp. 263-480). New York, NY: Rand McNally.

Besley, T., & Burgess, R. (2003). Having global poverty. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(3), 3-

22. Retrieved from JSTOR database.

Black Eyed Peas. (2009). I gotta feeling. On The E.N.D. (Energy Never Dies) [CD]. Santa Monica, CA:

Interscope Records.

Borremans, N. (n.d.). Social organization. In Paleoindian period, Florida Historical Contexts. Retrieved

July 9, 2001, from Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, Bureau of

Archaeological Resources, http://www.dos.state.fl.us/dhr/bar/hist_contexts/paleo.html

Bushman, B. J,. & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts

versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, 56, 477-489. Retrieved from Academic

Search Complete database.

Finkelstein, M. (2006, June 23). Italian reaction to Fascism [Lecture]. Florida State University.

Florida State University to phase out academic operations by 2010. (2007, September 14). The Onion

Sports Network. Retrieved from http://www.theonion.com/content/node/52822

Freud, A. (1997). The ego and the mechanism of defense (rev. ed.). New York: International Universities

Press.

Goldman, M. (2009). Florida beginnings unit 1 overview. Florida: History, people and politics.

Retrieved August 11, 2008, from Tallahassee Community College Blackboard web site.

Johnston, D. (2001, June 20). U.S. to consider settling suit against tobacco companies. New York Times,

pp. A1, A20. Retrieved from ProQuest Historical Newspapers database.

Lovett-Hooper, G., Komarraju, M., & Weston, R. (2007). Is plagiarism a forerunner of other deviance?

Imagined futures of academically dishonest students. Ethics & Behavior, 17(3), 323-336.

Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508420701519387

Oster-Aaland, L., & Lewis, M. (2009). Alcohol poisoning among college students turning 21: Do they

recognize the symptoms and how do they help? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs,

Suppl.,16, 122-130. Retrieved from Health & Reference Center Academic database.

Rainwater, R. (2007, May 7). Beyond boogie down: The history of hip-hop. In: Living histories.

Retrieved from American History database.

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Need help?

Just come on over to the 2nd floor of the library. A librarian or writing center specialist from the Learning Commons can assist you.

Or call the library: 850-201-8383 or go to www.tcc.fl.edu/library

The Learning Commons is also staffed by knowledgeable writing tutors who can help with writing assignments across the curriculum. Individual, 30-minute writing conferences are available on a first-come, first-served basis on the second floor of the TCC Library/LC: 850-201-8193

Librarian approved Internet sites for assistance with APA citations

APA Style - http://apastyle.org Purdue Online Writing Lab - http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

NoodleTools Express - http://www.noodletools.com/noodlebib/citeone_s.php?style=APA

Microsoft Word 2010 & 2013 provide a ‘References’ tab to manage citations and sources in

APA style, however the user must enter all citation information accurately and in correct format.

DOIs: DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIERS

The Digital Object Identifier or DOI is a required element of an APA formatted citation but is optional at TCC. You must check with your instructor. The DOI is like an Internet address linking back to the publisher of the item. If there is a DOI available, you should add it to the end of your citation.

Not every source is going to have a DOI number.

The DOI # will look similar to this: doi:10.1036/007142363X

DOI # will be located in the item’s detailed record or somewhere in the corner on the first page of the article. At <http://crossref.org>, the DOI can be looked up to locate the publisher of the article for purchase or questions.

***NEW FOR 2012/2013***

A new rule for DOIs makes them directly linkable by adding the web address <http://dx.doi.org/>

Attach http://dx.doi.org/ to the front of the DOI #. See example below:

doi:10.1036/007142363X http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/007142363X

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Table of Contents

Introduction to APA & Plagiarism p. 2 Print Book Review p. 7

Author-Date System Parenthetical Citations

p. 2 Film Review from Database p. 11

Parenthetical Citation - Direct Quotations

p. 2 Books p. 9

Block Quotations p. 4 Chapter in a Print Book p. 9

How to Paraphrase p. 3 Electronic Book from Internet p. 9

Quoting a Quotation p. 4 Chapter in Electronic Book p. 9

No Date for Source p. 3 Textbook p. 10

No Page Numbers p. 3 Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Thesaurus (Reference)

p. 10

No Author Information p. 3 Audio/Visual Media p. 11

In-text Citation for Websites p. 5 Motion Picture p. 11

“What if” - Parenthetical Citation ExamplesExamples

pp. 4-5 DVD p. 11

Formatting the Reference Page p. 6 Television Episode p. 11

Reference Citation Examples pp. 6-14

Streaming Media (YouTube, Netflix) p. 11

Journal Articles pp. 6-7 Films on Demand Database p. 11

Journal Article from TCC Database pp. 6-7 Music Album p. 11

Print Journal Article p. 7 Photographs/ Images/Maps p. 12 11-12

Journal Article from Internet p. 7 Pamphlets/Brochure p. 10

Abstract of Journal Article p. 7 Internet Websites p. 13

Magazine Articles p. 8 Topic/Issues Databases p. 14

Print Magazine Article w/ Author p. 8 Sample Research Paper Format p. 15

Internet Magazine Article w/ Author p. 8 Sample Reference Page p. 16

Internet Magazine Article w/ No Author p. 8 Need APA Help? p. 17

Newspaper Articles p. 8 DOI: Digital Object Identifiers Basics p. 17

Newspaper Article from Internet p. 8

Newspaper Article from Database w/ No Author

p. 8

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SAMPLE CITATIONS FROM TCC DATABASES

Reference citation examples of the following databases will be found on the pages indicated

ABC-CLIO eBook Collection p. 9 JSTOR p. 16

Academic Search Complete p. 16 MEDLINE p. 7

American History p. 16 America’s News (NewsBank) p. 8

CQ Researcher p. 14 New York Times Historical p. 16

Ferguson’s Career Guidance p. 10 PsycARTICLES p. 7

Films On Demand p. 11 Opposing Viewpoint In Context p. 14

Gale PowerSearch p. 7 SIRS Knowledge Source p. 14

Health Source: Nursing/Academic p. 7 World History p. 11

Issues & Controversies p. 14 ABC-Clio Ebook Collection p. 9