AUGUST 018 INFECTION REVENTION - Diversey€¦ · WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW Preventing toxoplasmosis involves hand hygiene, proper cooking of raw meat, and washing of fruit and vegetables

INFECTION PREVENTIONNEWS & UPDATES

AUGUST 2018

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An outbreak of E. coli in Ireland has infected 96 people within the last month. This particular strain of E. coli (EHEC or enterohemorrhagic E. coli) produces a severe illness that can cause kidney failure and even death, although no deaths have been reported in this outbreak thus far.

Most strains of E. coli are harmless to people, but some strains, including the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) produce a toxin that can cause severe illness including bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. EHEC also can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in ~10% of EHEC infections which can cause kidney failure and in some cases, death.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

E. coli is generally spread through a fecal-oral route, so handwashing during food preparation and after using the toilets, washing of raw fruit and vegetables before eating, thorough cooking of foods that may contain E. coli, and proper cleaning of food contact surfaces and food preparation utensils are essential to preventing E. coli infections.

FAST FACTS

LocationIRELAND

SeverityLOCAL OUTBREAK

TransmissionCONTACT

ESCHERICHIA COLI

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AUGUST 2018


TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITISSwitzerland has been experiencing an increase in the number of cases of tick bites resulting tick-borne encephalitis dating back to early 2016. Most recently Switzerland reported 230 cases so far in 2018. While there is a vaccination available to prevent tick-borne encephalitis, most people do not get the vaccination, making them much more susceptible to the infection. Tick-borne encephalitis is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses.

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

Preventing tick bites requires people to avoid bushes and tall grass and wearing clothing that covers the arms, legs, and feet, and checking the body for ticks after being outsides.

FAST FACTS

LocationSWITZERLAND


TransmissionVECTOR



AUGUST 2018


JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS (JE) AND ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME (AES)India continues to report higher numbers of cases of Japanese Encephalitis and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) (1,219 cases), especially in the Lucknow district and Uttar Pradesh province in general.

Japanese Encephalitis is an illness spread by mosquitoes and is common in SE Asia, especially in rural areas during the monsoon and post-monsoon season from June to August when mosquito populations are at their peak. AES is an illness with similar symptoms, which can be caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus and other causes, including enteroviruses.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

JE is spread primarily by mosquitoes, so mosquito suppression is an important intervention, but AES is spread both by mosquitoes and other routes, so it is not clear at this point what the right preventative measures are to recommend in India. JE is spread primarily by mosquito bites, so mosquito suppression programs and taking precautions to prevent mosquito bites are key to preventing JE, which includes wearing long clothing when outdoors, having screens on doors and windows in buildings that are not air conditioned, and the use of mosquito repellant when outdoors. Vaccination is available to prevent JE infections, but in developing countries few people receive the vaccination.

FAST FACTS

LocationINDIA


TransmissionCONTACT + VECTOR



AUGUST 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationBRAZIL


TransmissionCONTACT + VECTOR

Brazil is experiencing an outbreak of toxoplasmosis with 621 people infected. The cause of the outbreak has not been identified, but investigations are continuing to find the source. Outbreaks of this size typically are waterborne, so the local water supply is being tested and residents of the affected areas are being advised to boil water.

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, which is frequently found in cat feces (through cats eating contaminated rodents), but can be found in nature including in soil, sand and in fresh water. It is a leading cause of death from foodborne illness. People infected with the parasite often carry it for years without symptoms and in the US, it is estimated that 11% of the population 6 and older have been infected with the parasite. Rates in developing countries are believed to be much higher, potentially as high as 95% in some areas. It is especially dangerous to people with compromised immune systems and to pregnant women as it can cause fetal injury or death including spontaneous abortion.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Preventing toxoplasmosis involves hand hygiene, proper cooking of raw meat, and washing of fruit and vegetables. Avoid contact with cat feces or wash hands thoroughly after contact. If the water supply is contaminated, bottled water should be used for cooking, dishwashing, and handwashing. If this is not possible, boiling water before use is also effective, but harder to implement.

TOXOPLASMOSIS



AUGUST 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationUSA


TransmissionCONTACT

The outbreak of Hepatitis A in the United States continues to affect other states. West Virginia is reporting 540 confirmed cases of Hepatitis A and genetic testing shows this strain of Hepatitis A in West Virginia is the same strain present in other states. Arkansas is reporting ~50 new cases in the last 2 months. While numbers in Arkansas are small compared to other states, it is the latest state to start to accumulate a significant number of cases.

Hepatitis A is an infection that causes an inflammation of the liver. There are a number of viruses that can cause Hepatitis including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, with vaccinations available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. Hepatitis A is passed to other people through contact with infected feces, or if an infected person touches objects after using the toilet and not washing their hands, including contaminating food or drink from contact with contaminated hands, so handwashing and surface disinfection are important interventions to prevent the spread of the virus. It can also be spread by sexual contact. The virus can also be spread through contact with diapers or the stool of an infected child/person. It can take from 15-50 days to develop symptoms once infected.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Preventing Hepatitis A infections involves vaccination of high risk people, hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and safe sexual practices. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP hydrogen peroxide disinfectants are the best option to kill it on environmental surfaces as low level disinfectants have minimal effect on Hepatitis A virus. In countries where disinfectants are often not used when cleaning, this is especially concerning because the virus can survive for periods of time in the environment in feces (most likely days to weeks) which allows for time for them to be transmitted from person to person. A highly effective vaccination is available and people may want to proactively vaccinate themselves to protect against this infection.

HEPATITIS A



AUGUST 2018


MALARIAVietnam is a country at risk of malaria infections and a current outbreak has infected 973 people so far this year with cased clusters in 8 different districts. Efforts to eliminate malaria have reduced the incidence, but this current outbreak demonstrates that eradication has not occurred thus far.

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite that infects Anopheles mosquitoes, which in turn infects people. There are more than 100 species of Plasmodium parasite that can infect animals and people. There are an estimated 214 million cases of malaria each year in people resulting in 438,000 deaths, mostly children in Africa.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

As Malaria is transmitted via mosquitos, control of mosquitoes is an important part of combatting Malaria infections, including use of mosquito repellants and eliminating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. If traveling to an area with high levels of Malaria, recommended precautions include the use of Malaria pills, insect repellant, long-sleeved clothing, bed nets, and the use of door and window screens or air conditioning (to reduce the potential for mosquitoes to enter buildings).

FAST FACTS

LocationVIETNAM


TransmissionVECTOR



AUGUST 2018


MEASLES VIRUSAs measles makes a resurgence in many countries around the world, Venezuela is also reporting a spike in cases with 1,613 cases in 2018. The fragile economy and poor public health systems is resulting in significant numbers of people not being vaccinated as recommended by the CDC and WHO. Brazil is experiencing increased case totals as well with 677 cases in 2018. Low vaccination coverage and inconsistent surveillance are being named as the reasons for the surge in cases in Brazil.

Measles is considered one of the most contagious infectious diseases and is a respiratory infection spread by coughing and sneezing with an incubation period of about 10 days (range of 7-18 days). People infected with measles can suffer from side effects including encephalitis, pneumonia, and the infection can be fatal, especially for children. Measles is the leading cause of vaccine preventable death with an estimated 134,200 deaths globally in 2015. Prior to widespread vaccination in 1980, there were ~2.6 million deaths globally each year.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Outbreaks of measles are usually related to a lack of vaccination. It is important that all people receive both doses of the MMR vaccine to ensure a high degree of immunity and any recommended boosters. The best defense is for all staff to be immunized. Facilities should have immunization requirements to protect staff and customers.

FAST FACTS

LocationVENEZUELA, BRAZIL

SeverityREGIONAL OUTBREAK

TransmissionCONTACT + DROPLET + AEROSOL



AUGUST 2018


CYCLOSPORIASISThere is an outbreak of cyclospora in the US that has affected 286 people across 15 states who ate salads at the same fast food restaurant chain. The infections all appeared from May to mid-July. There is a second outbreak of 237 cases across 4 states of people that ate a certain brand of prepackaged vegetables with all of the infections appearing in June. The two outbreaks do not appear to be linked, but epidemiologists are investigating.

Cyclosporiasis is an illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanesis which infects people through consuming contaminated food or water or swimming in contaminated water and causes watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, and fatigue that can go in cycles from a few days to more than a month.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Cyclosporiasis is commonly associated with contaminated food. To prevent this infection, food should be cooked thoroughly. Raw fruit and vegetables should be washed thoroughly or avoided completely if they come from areas known to have certain foodborne illness risks such as Cyclosporiasis. Swimming in fresh water bodies that may be contaminated should be avoided.

FAST FACTS

LocationUSA


TransmissionCONTACT



AUGUST 2018


NOROVIRUSAn outbreak of norovirus at a shopping mall in Kentucky has sickened 350 people. The food court has been identified as the likely source of the outbreak and the investigation is ongoing. One QSR in the food court reported several employees becoming sick, indicating the likely source of the outbreak. The food court was closed for cleaning, inspected by the health department, and has reopened.

Norovirus is caused by a small non-enveloped virus that is hard to kill by traditional disinfectants and hand hygiene products. It is generally spread through a fecal-oral route, indicating that hand hygiene and surface hygiene play key roles in the spread of the virus, but it can also be transmitted via food, which appears to be the case here. Close contact with infected persons increases the risk of transmission.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

As norovirus may not be killed by certain alcohol based hand sanitizers or low level disinfectants, it is important to ensure the alcohol based hand rub and the surface disinfectant are capable of killing novovirus and that proper procedures are in place to control an outbreak once it occurs. If the source is food related, surfaces that contacted the contaminated food should be disinfected and rinsed and sanitized before reuse.

FAST FACTS

LocationUSA


TransmissionCONTACT + DROPLET



AUGUST 2018


3-5

MILLIO

N

INFLUENZA

people infected globally each year

250,000 – 500,000 deaths

NOR

OVIRUS21 million people infected in the US alone each year with

600-800 deaths.

PERTUSSIS16 million people infected globally each year, 200,000 deaths.

WHOOPING COUGH

MEA

SLES

infected globally each year, 146,000 deaths

20million

DENGUE

people infected globally each year, 12,500 deaths

400million

Across our customers facilities, our comprehensive cleaning, disinfection, and hand hygiene programs provide the solutions and expertise needed to reduce the risk of infection while increasing operational efficiency.

Diversey provides resources to help our customers manage outbreaks including providing education and training for our customers regarding best practices for cleaning, disinfection, and hand hygiene in healthcare and public environments.

AHP® Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectants• Realistic contact times that kill

pathogens before surfaces dry• Excellent staff safety profile - can

be used without personal protective equipment

• Strong cleaning ability to reduce environmental bioburden

• Excellent sustainability profile to reduce environmental impact

• Available in a range of formats including prewetted disposable wipers

IntelliCare Hand Hygiene Program• Innovative dispenser including

patented hybrid manual/touchless• Full product range and formats from

a single dispenser• Electronic compliance monitoring

program to increase efficiency• Trusted brands, such as Lux, for a

more home-like experience

At Diversey, we reduce the risk of infection to make your facility safer

Our best in class solutions include the following:

Our experts frequently consult with our customers on environmental hygiene practices for facilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, hospitality, education, offices, and public buildings such as retail stores, shopping malls, and airports. Not all outbreaks are environmentally transmitted, but even for those with minimal environmental routes of transmission, we still help customers with other aspects of prevention to create safer facilities.

www.diversey.com© 2018 Diversey


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AUGUST 018 INFECTION REVENTION - Diversey€¦ · WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW Preventing toxoplasmosis involves hand hygiene, proper cooking of raw meat, and washing of fruit and vegetables