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Chapter 7Auditory System

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The Stimulus

Sound is produced /y o/ects that i/rate and set molecules o- airinto motion.

Sound traels appro+imately 700 miles per hour.

1umans are sensitie to i/rations /eteen %0 and 20,000times per second.

3 i/rations o- air are perceied as sounds

Pitch:

A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to thefundamental frequency of the stimulus.

Hertz:

Cycles per second

oudness:A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the intensity

of the stimulus.

Tim!re:

A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the

complexity of the stimulus.

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AuditionAnatomy o- the ar

#inna5

The e+ternal ear that e can see* collects sound -romthe enironment.

Tympanic mem/rane5 The eardrum* i/rates hen stimulated /y sound

aes. 6ssicles5 The /ones o- the middle ear. Trans-er i/rations -rom

mem/rain to Cochlea "alleus:The #hammer$% the first of the three ossicles;

attached to the tympanic mem!rane. &ncus:The #an'il%; located !et(een the malleus and the

stapes )tapes:The #stirrup$% the third ossicle; attached to the o'al

(indo( of the cochlea.

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Audition

Anatomy o- the ar

The cochlea contains three spiral cham/ers5

Scala esti/uli5 Contains the round indo.

Scala media5 Contains the organ o- Corti.

Scale tympani5 Contains the oal indo.

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Audition

Anatomy o- the ar

6rgan o- Corti5

The sensory organ on the /asilar mem/rane thatcontains the auditory hair cell* considered thereceptie organ o- the auditory system. Sends signalsto the /rain ia auditory nere

1air cell5 The sensory receptie cell o- the auditory apparatus.

9eiter cell5

A supporting cell -ound in the organ o- Corti* sustainsthe auditory hair cells.

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Audition

Anatomy o- the ar

Basilar mem/rane5

A mem/rane in the cochlea o- the inner ear* containsthe organ o- Corti.

Tectorial mem/rane5

A mem/rane located a/oe the /asilar mem/rane*seres as a shel- against hich the cilia o- the auditoryhair cells moe.

:ound indo5An opening in the /one o- the cochlea that permits

i/rations to /e transmitted, ia the oal indo, intothe -luid o- the cochlea.

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