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Auditors’ Reports. www.buec.udel.edu/jenkinsd/Powerpoint/Chp17.ppt. Review of Audit Process. Obtain an understanding of internal control sufficient to plan the audit. Determine the planned level of control risk. Design and perform additional tests of controls. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Slide 17- 1
Auditors’ Reportswww.buec.udel.edu/jenkinsd/Powerpoint/Chp17.ppt
Slide 17- 2
Review of Audit Process
1. Obtain an understanding of internal control sufficient to plan the audit.
2. Determine the planned level of control risk.
3. Design and perform additional tests of controls.
4. Reassess control risk and modify planned substantive tests.
5. Perform substantive tests and complete the audit.
6. Form an opinion and issue the audit report.
Chapters 7-16
Chapter 17
Slide 17- 3
Types of Opinions
Unqualified opinions» Standard unqualified opinion» Unqualified opinion with explanatory
language– Part of the audit performed by other auditors– Questions concerning going concern status– GAAP not consistently applied– Emphasis of a matter– Justified departures from recognized accounting
principles
Slide 17- 4
Conditions Required for Issuance of an Unqualified Report
The financial statements are presented in conformity with GAAP, including adequate disclosure.
The audit was performed in accordance with GAAS, and there were no significant scope limitations.
Slide 17- 5
Types of Opinions
Qualified opinions» Departures from GAAP
– Material but not “substantially misleading”
» Scope limitations– Circumstance-imposed scope limitations
Material but not “substantially misleading”
Slide 17- 6
Types of Opinions
Adverse opinions» Very material departures from GAAP cause
financial statements taken as a whole to be substantially misleading.
Disclaimer of opinion» Substantial circumstance-imposed scope
restrictions.» Significant client-imposed scope restrictions.» Significant uncertainties» Lack of auditor independence
Slide 17- 7
Standard Unqualified Report
Introductory paragraph» Identifies the financial statements that were audited.» States that the financial statements are the responsibility of
management.» States that the auditors’ responsibility is to express an
opinion.
Scope paragraph» Describes the nature of an audit
Opinion paragraph» Presents the auditors’ opinion as to whether the financial
statements are in accordance with GAAP.
Slide 17- 8
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of XYZ Company as of December 31, 20XX, and the related statements of income, retained earnings, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
The Standard Auditors’ Report Introductory Paragraph
Slide 17- 9
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
The Standard Auditors’ Report Scope Paragraph
Slide 17- 10
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of XYZ Company as of December 31, 20XX, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The Standard Auditors’ Report Opinion Paragraph
Slide 17- 11
SARBOX Perspective
As a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, auditors are required to also provide assurance on internal control for public companies.» Report on internal controls may be
separate or combined with report on financial statements
Slide 17- 12
Modifications of the Auditors’ Report Unqualified Opinions
Type ofReport
Sharedresponsibility
Going concernuncertainty
GAAP notconsistent
Emphasis ofmatter
Justifieddeparture fromofficial GAAP
Introductory orScope
ParagraphDescribe work ofother auditors
None
None
None
None
ExplanatoryParagraph
None
Describeuncertainty
Describe changein principle
Describe matter
Describedeparture
OpinionParagraph
“...based onour audit andthe report ofotherauditors...”
None
None
None
None
Slide 17- 13
Shared Responsibility Report
IntroductoryIntroductory
ScopeScope
OpinionOpinion
We did not audit the financial statements of St. LawrenceCement, Inc., which statements reflect assets of constituting43% of the consolidated totals as of December 31, 2092 and2091, respectively, and revenues of constituting 42%, 47% and52% of the consolidated totals for the years ended December 31,2092, 2091, and 2090, respectively. Those statements wereaudited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished tous, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amountsincluded for that entity, is based solely on the reports of theother auditors.
We believe that our audits and the reports of other auditors...
In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of otherauditors,
Slide 17- 14
Explanatory Paragraph Going Concern Problem
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that [America West Airlines, Inc..] will continue as a going concern. As discussed in note 1 to the financial statements, the Company filed a voluntary petition seeking to reorganize under chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy laws. This event and circumstances relating to this event, including the Company’s significant losses, accumulated deficit, and highly leveraged capital structure, raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Although the Company is currently operating as debtor-in-possession under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court, the continuation of the business as a going concern is contingent upon, among other things, the ability to (1) formulate a Plan of Reorganization which will gain approval of the creditors and stockholders and confirmation of the Bankruptcy Court, (2) maintain compliance with all debt covenants under the debtor-in-possession financing agreements, (3) achieve satisfactory levels of future operating results and cash flows, and (4) obtain additional debt and equity. The accompanying financial statements do not include and adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Slide 17- 15
Explanatory Paragraphs Consistency
As discussed in notes four and eleven to the combined financial statements, [General Mills, Inc..] adopted in fiscal 1994 the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” and No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits.”
____________________________________
As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 1995 [American Airlines] changed its method of accounting for the impairment of long-term assets to conform with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121.
Slide 17- 16
Modifications of the Auditors’ Report Qualified Opinions
Type ofReport
Qualified--GAAPDeparture
Qualified--ScopeLimitation
Introductory orScope Paragraph
None
“Except as explainedin the followingparagraph”
ExplanatoryParagraph
Describedeparture
Describe scoperestriction
OpinionParagraph
“except for theproblem) thefinancialstatementspresent fairly
“except for theeffects of suchadjustments asmight have beendetermined to benecessary
Slide 17- 17
Example of a Qualified Report Departure from GAAP
(Introductory and Scope Paragraphs are Standard) The Company has excluded from property and debt in the accompanying
balance sheet certain lease obligations that, in our opinion, should be capitalized in order to conform with generally accepted accounting principles. If these lease obligations were capitalized, property would be increased by $__________, long-term debt by $___________, and retained earnings by $__________ as of December 31, 20X1, and net income and earnings per share would be increased (decreased) by $___________ and $_____, respectively, for the year then ended.
In our opinion, except for the effects of not capitalizing lease obligations, as except for the effects of not capitalizing lease obligations, as discussed in the preceding paragraphdiscussed in the preceding paragraph, , the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of XYZ Company as of December 31, 20X1, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Slide 17- 18
Example of a Qualified ReportScope Limitation
Standard Introductory Paragraph
Except as discussed in the following paragraph, we conducted our audit...
We were unable to obtain audited financial statements supporting the Company’s investment in a foreign affiliate stated at $_______, or its equity in earnings of that affiliate of $_______, which is included in net income, as described in Note 8 to the financial statements; nor were we able to satisfy ourselves as to the carrying value of the investment in the foreign affiliate or the equity in earnings by other auditing procedures.
In our opinion, except for the effects of such adjustments, if any, as might have been determined to be necessary had we been able to examine evidence regarding the foreign affiliate investment and earnings, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,...
Slide 17- 19
Modifications of the Auditors’ Report Adverse & Disclaimer
Type of Report
Adverse
Disclaimer ofOpinion--ScopeLimitation
Introductory orScope
Paragraph
None
“We were engaged”
Omit “Ourresponsibility...”
Omit scopeparagraph
ExplanatoryParagraph
Describe reason foropinion
Describe scoperestriction and anyreservations
OpinionParagraph
“the financialstatements do notpresent fairly”
“we do not expressan opinion on thefinancialstatements”
Slide 17- 20
Example Adverse Opinion
Standard introductory
Standard Scope
Explanatory
In our opinion, because of the effects of the matters discussed in the preceding paragraph, the financial statements referred to above do not present fairly, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the financial position of XYZ Company as of December 31, 20X5, or the results of its operations or its cash flows for the year then ended.
Slide 17- 21
Example Disclaimer of Opinion
Introductory
AdditionalParagraph
Opinion
We were engaged...
The Company did not make a count of its physicalinventory, stated in the accompanying financialstatements at $_____ as of December 31, 20X2.Further, evidence supporting the cost of property andequipment acquired prior to December 31, 20X1, is nolonger available. The Company’s records do not permitthe application of other auditing procedures toinventories or property and equipment.
Since the Company did not take physical inventoriesand we were not able to apply other auditingprocedures to satisfy ourselves as to inventoryquantities and the cost of property and equipment, thescope of our work was not sufficient to enable us toexpress, and we do not express, an opinion on thesefinancial statements.
Slide 17- 22
Placement of Explanatory Paragraphs
Before opinion paragraph» Qualified opinions» Disclaimers» Adverse opinions
Following opinion paragraph» Consistency» Substantial doubt about continued existence
Either before or after opinion paragraph» Justified departure from GAAP» Emphasis of a matter
Slide 17- 23
Comparative Financial Statements
Comparative statements supported by profession» Public companies – SEC requires 2 years B/S and 3
years I/S, R/E and C/F.» Private companies – generally follow SEC requirement
Report should cover all financial statements presented.
Factors affecting nature of report:» Predecessor auditor – reissue report or reference.» Updating of opinion – re-expressed or revised.» Prior year statements – audited or unaudited.