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Sound as Interface
• Sound as alternative channel – avoid visual overload– provide information about hidden events
Voice Acting
• Specialists – outside actors– Need to fit non-linear narrative– Alternative takes to common lines
Game Music
http://www.penny-arcade.com/patv/episode/video-game-music
Film vs Game Score
• General game music– Needs to play for undetermined time : looped– Want to adapt to situation• Layer or transition adaptively
Sound as a Priority
• Sound as a primary mechanic:http://killscreendaily.com/articles/articles/how-sound-shapes-changed-game-music-forever/
How are sounds stored on a computer?
• Encoded as binary numbers (1’s and 0’s)• Two important encodings for our purposes:– MIDI sequences– Samples
MIDI• Musical Instrument Digital Interface– Sheet music for your computer
• Developed in 60’s• VERY compact: ~1% of mp3
• User’s sound card is responsible for creating the music. – Different sound cards = different sounds
Samples
• Sampling : convert pressure wave to discrete points - smaples
• Sample = intensity at point in time
Samples
• Sample rate: The rate at which the samples are captured or played back– measured in Hertz (Hz), or samples per second• More Hertz = higher quality and larger files• An audio CD has a sample rate of 44,100 Hz, or 44 KHz
• Sample rate = horizontal precision
Samples
• Sample format or sample size: the number of digits used to represent each sample– Measured in bits (binary digits - 1 or 0)• Audio CD = 16 bits• More bits = higher quality and higher file size
• Sample format = vertical precision
Sampled formats
• CD Audio = 16 bits x 44,000 times a second – ~10 megabytes per minute of stereo recording
• Bits stored into file either compressed or raw:– Compressed: PCM (wav, aiff)– Compressed: mp3, ogg, aac, etc…
PCM
• PCM : Pulse Code Modulation– Windows usually .wav – Macs usually aiff
• Very big• Easy to play
mp3 etc…
• Compressed formats– Reduce file size to ~ 1/10th the space.
• Playback takes more work (decode audio)
Gamemaker
• Gamemaker 8 deals best with wavs– MIDI, MP3 play only one at a time
• GM Studio– Coverts everything to .ogg– Legacy Sound : For HTML 5– GM:S Audio : New engine• 3d sound effects