Audio Preservation at Indiana University Digital Library Program Brown Bag Series Mike Casey -Coordinator of Recording Services, Archives of Traditional

Audio Preservation at Indiana Audio Preservation at Indiana UniversityUniversity

Digital Library Program Brown Bag SeriesDigital Library Program Brown Bag Series

MikeMike CaseyCasey-Coordinator of Recording Services, -Coordinator of Recording Services, Archives of Traditional MusicArchives of Traditional Music

JonJon DunnDunn-Associate Director for Technology, -Associate Director for Technology, Digital Library Program, and Senior Technology Digital Library Program, and Senior Technology Advisor, Indiana University LibrariesAdvisor, Indiana University Libraries

Paradigm Shift for Sound ArchivistsParadigm Shift for Sound Archivists

Preservation in the Analog DomainPreservation in the Analog Domain

Life expectancy critically importantLife expectancy critically importantPredicting when a recording will failPredicting when a recording will failQuest for the eternal carrierQuest for the eternal carrierTarget preservation format-mastering-Target preservation format-mastering-quality open reel tapequality open reel tapeStandards set in the mid-1980’s-Standards set in the mid-1980’s-ARSC/AAAARSC/AAA


The New ParadigmThe New Paradigm

Eternal sound carriers never availableEternal sound carriers never availableMaintaining equipment long-term Maintaining equipment long-term unmanageableunmanageable

Therefore, classical preservation Therefore, classical preservation strategy is hopelessstrategy is hopeless



Preserve the content, not the carrierPreserve the content, not the carrierThe eternal file, The eternal file, notnot the eternal carrier the eternal carrierUse digital mass storage systemsUse digital mass storage systems

Longevity of carriers in mass storage Longevity of carriers in mass storage systems of minor importancesystems of minor importance



Mass storage should allow for:Mass storage should allow for:

Monitoring of data integrityMonitoring of data integrityRefreshment of endangered carriersRefreshment of endangered carriersMigration of contentsMigration of contents

Early Progress in Digital PreservationEarly Progress in Digital Preservation

Broadcast (radio) archives as Broadcast (radio) archives as early as 1992early as 1992Suedwestrundfunk, GermanySuedwestrundfunk, Germany

The importance of teamworkThe importance of teamwork

Early Progress in Digital PreservationEarly Progress in Digital Preservation

National Library of AustraliaNational Library of AustraliaPrinciples of ResponsibilityPrinciples of Responsibility

Everyone doesn’t have to do everything-but Everyone doesn’t have to do everything-but someone has to do somethingsomeone has to do something

We don’t have to do everything at once—but We don’t have to do everything at once—but someone must be willing to take the lead someone must be willing to take the lead

Responsibility can be time-limited, although in the Responsibility can be time-limited, although in the end someone must be willing to take responsibility... end someone must be willing to take responsibility...

International Association of Sound International Association of Sound

and AudioVisual Archives (IASA)and AudioVisual Archives (IASA)

IASA-TC-03 IASA-TC-03 The SafeguardingThe Safeguarding of the of the Audio Heritage: Ethics, Principles and Audio Heritage: Ethics, Principles and Preservation Strategy Version 2, Preservation Strategy Version 2, September 2001September 2001www.iasa-web.org/iasa0013.htmwww.iasa-web.org/iasa0013.htm

IASA-TC-04 IASA-TC-04 Guidelines on the Production Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objectsand Preservation of Digital Audio Objects www.iasa-web.org/tc04/index.htmwww.iasa-web.org/tc04/index.htm

Collaboration with Harvard UniversityCollaboration with Harvard UniversityR&D project funded by NEHR&D project funded by NEHDuration is 18 monthsDuration is 18 months

www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/

Project PartnersProject Partners

Archives of Traditional MusicArchives of Traditional Music, Indiana University, Indiana UniversityArchive of World MusicArchive of World Music, Harvard University, Harvard UniversityDigital Library ProgramDigital Library Program, Indiana University, Indiana UniversityOffice for Information SystemsOffice for Information Systems, Harvard University, Harvard University


GoalsGoals

Develop best practices, test emerging standards for archival Develop best practices, test emerging standards for archival audio preservation/storage in the digital domain audio preservation/storage in the digital domainEstablish digital preservation systems at both universitiesEstablish digital preservation systems at both universitiesProduce interoperable resultsProduce interoperable resultsPreserve unique field recordings of international importancePreserve unique field recordings of international importanceReport our findings, in detail, back to the fieldReport our findings, in detail, back to the field

Standards and Best PracticesStandards and Best Practices

ObjectivesObjectives

Research best practices in areas without standardsResearch best practices in areas without standardsDevelop best practices to meet existing and Develop best practices to meet existing and emerging standardsemerging standardsTest exisitng and emerging standards with a real Test exisitng and emerging standards with a real world projectworld projectProvide extensive data on what works and what Provide extensive data on what works and what doesn’tdoesn’t

Standards and Best PracticesStandards and Best Practices

Emerging StandardsEmerging Standards

AES 31-3-1999AES 31-3-1999AES Technical MetadataAES Technical MetadataBroadcast Wave File Format (bwav)Broadcast Wave File Format (bwav)Open Archival Information System (OAIS)Open Archival Information System (OAIS)Metadata Encoding and Transmission Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)Standard (METS)

PreservationPreservation Chain Chain

Selection for PreservationSelection for Preservation

Cultures in Conflict Digital Archive (CCDA)Cultures in Conflict Digital Archive (CCDA)

Does a collection document.....Does a collection document.....

A cultural practice/language that has been A cultural practice/language that has been lost/endangered as a result of conflictlost/endangered as a result of conflictA practice that has been systematically oppressedA practice that has been systematically oppressedExpressive culture related to a conflictExpressive culture related to a conflictTraditions that have changed due to conflictTraditions that have changed due to conflictCultural practices undergoing revivalCultural practices undergoing revivalParticularly deep/wide information on the aboveParticularly deep/wide information on the above

Preservation ChainPreservation Chain


Point Scale for Assessing Research ValuePoint Scale for Assessing Research Value

5 Points:5 Points: Collection has exceptional research valueCollection has exceptional research value

4 Points:4 Points: Solid research valueSolid research value

3 Points:3 Points: Moderate research valueModerate research value

2 Points:2 Points: Minor research valueMinor research value

1 Point:1 Point: Minimal or no research valueMinimal or no research value



Field Audio Collection Evaluation Tool (FACET)Field Audio Collection Evaluation Tool (FACET)

Preservation Risk ScalePreservation Risk Scale0.0-1.90.0-1.9 = Collection is in very good shape with little or no risk to it = Collection is in very good shape with little or no risk to it

atat the present timethe present time

2.0-2.92.0-2.9 = Collection is in good shape with a small risk to it at = Collection is in good shape with a small risk to it at present present

3.0-3.93.0-3.9 = Collection is in decent shape but is at some risk = Collection is in decent shape but is at some risk

4.0-4.94.0-4.9 = Collection is in deteriorating/poor shape with moderate to = Collection is in deteriorating/poor shape with moderate to severe risksevere risk

5+5+ = Collection is in very poor shape or is rapidly deteriorating, = Collection is in very poor shape or is rapidly deteriorating, has extensive damage or significant deteriorationhas extensive damage or significant deterioration



Examples of selections for Sound DirectionsExamples of selections for Sound DirectionsMusic from pre-Taliban AfghanistanMusic from pre-Taliban Afghanistan Songs of the Dinka people from SudanSongs of the Dinka people from SudanAfrican American protest songs recorded in the African American protest songs recorded in the American South from the 1920s through the 1940sAmerican South from the 1920s through the 1940sAustralian aborigine songs and musicAustralian aborigine songs and music


Transfer (Digitization)Transfer (Digitization)

Full-time audio engineer for transfer workFull-time audio engineer for transfer workAnalog playback criticalAnalog playback criticalA/D converter criticalA/D converter critical24/96 transfers-flat or unaltered24/96 transfers-flat or unalteredBroadcast wave filesBroadcast wave filesIncreasing throughputIncreasing throughput


Creating DerivativesCreating Derivatives

Files for DLP for access system (V2?)Files for DLP for access system (V2?)CDs for ATM LibraryCDs for ATM LibrarySignal ProcessingSignal Processing


MetadataMetadata

Audio Object Manager software toolAudio Object Manager software toolAudio Processing XML Editor software toolAudio Processing XML Editor software toolPerformance metadata software toolPerformance metadata software toolATM indexesATM indexes


Interim StorageInterim Storage

Quality ControlQuality Control

WorkflowWorkflow

Transmission of files to DLPTransmission of files to DLP

Audio Preservation at Indiana Audio Preservation at Indiana UniversityUniversity

Digital Library Program Brown Bag SeriesDigital Library Program Brown Bag Series

Questions?Questions?


[email protected]@indiana.edu

855-8090855-8090

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Audio Preservation at Indiana University Digital Library Program Brown Bag Series Mike Casey -Coordinator of Recording Services, Archives of Traditional