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Beam energy dependence of ๐ and ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ production in Au + Au collisions at RHIC
Ning YuCentral China Normal Universityfor the STAR Collaboration
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Outline
โฏ Introduction
โฏ STAR Experiment
โฏ Results and Discussions
โฏ Summary
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 1/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
QCD Phase DiagramLHC,RHIC
Future FAIR Experiment
K. Fukushima and C. SasakiProg. Part. Nucl. Phys, 72, (2013) 99
โฏ High temperature: QGP propertiesโฏ High baryon density:
รผ Critical point and phase boundaryรผ Possible new phase structure : quarkyonic matter
Phase transition
Correlations of nucleons
Light nuclei
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 2/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Light Nuclei Formation in HI Collisionsโฏ Light (anti)nuclei with small binding energy (๐), such as ๐ and ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ with binding
energy ๐ = 2.2 MeV, are formed via final-state coalescence
๐ธ(๐)๐(๐)๐(
= ๐ต( ๐ธ-๐)๐-๐)๐-
.
๐ธ/๐)๐/๐)๐/
(0.
โ ๐ต( ๐ธ-๐)๐-๐)๐-
(
, ๐(= ๐ด๐-
โฏ In thermodynamics, ๐ต( is related to the nucleon freeze-out correlation volume ๐6or baryon density
๐ต( โ ๐680(, ๐ต9 =6๐)๐ /-๐>
๐-9๐6
, ๐ /- =๐/๐-
โฏ Light nuclei may serve as probes of space-momentum density and correlation of nucleons at freeze-out. We will focus on ๐ (๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ) in this talk.
Lรกszlรณ P. Csernai, Joseph I. Kapusta Phys. Reps, 131,223(1986)B. Monreal, et. al. PRC60,031901(1999), PRC60,051902(1999)
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 3/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Energy Dependence of ๐ฉ๐จMost Central
โฏ The size of the fireball increase from low to high collision energy, ๐ต9 decrease with energy
โฏ The behavior of ๐ต9 is different at high energy
โฏ Is there any structure in the
energy dependence of ๐ฉ๐, from high energy to low energy ?
โฏ Is there any centrality dependence of ๐ฉ๐?
โฏ Is there any difference of ๐ฉ๐between deuteron and anti-
deuteron?PHENIX, PRL. 94, 122302 (2005).
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 4/20
1 10 100Collision Energy ๐๐ต๐ต๏ฟฝ (GeV)
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
RHIC Beam Energy Scan
๐๐๐๏ฟฝ (GeV) 7.7 11.5 14.5 19.6 27 39 62.4 200Neve(M) 4 11 27 40 71 133 67 480๐๐ฉ(MeV) 420 315 260 205 155 115 72 20
โฏ BES-I Au+Au collisions at ๐ HH๏ฟฝ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39 and 62.4 GeVรผ Search for conjectured QCD critical
point รผ Search for the first order phase
transitionรผ Search for the onset of key QGP
signatures
STAR Collaboration, arXiv:1007.2613
J. Cleymans, H. Oeschler, K. Redlich, and S. WheatonPRC 73,034905 (2006)
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 5/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Solenoidal Tracker At RHICTime Projection Chamber๏ผTPC๏ผ
รผ Charged Particle Tracking
รผ Momentum reconstruction
รผ Particle identification from ionization
energy loss (dE/dx)
รผ Pseudorapidity coverage |ฮท| < 1.0
Time Of Flight (TOF)
รผ Particle identification m2
รผ Pseudorapidity coverage |ฮท| < 0.9
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 6/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Particle Identification
Z (d) 0.4โ 0.3โ 0.2โ 0.1โ 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Cou
nts
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
310ร
DATASign.+Backgr.Sign.Backgr.
deuteron 39 GeV 0-5% < 0.8 GeV/c
T0.6 < p
)4/c2 (GeV2m2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Cou
nts
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
310ร
DATASign.+Backgr.Sign.Backgr.
deuteron 39 GeV 0-5% < 2.8 GeV/c
T2.4 < p
๐ง> = log๐๐ธ ๐๐ฅโ๐๐ธ ๐๐ฅโ >
OO
๐9 = ๐9๐9๐ก9
๐ฟ9 โ 1
BB : Bethe-BlochH. Bichsel, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 562, 154 (2006).
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 7/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Efficiency and Acceptance
๐UVW ๐X = ๐Zexp โ๐8๐X
^_+ ๐๐๐(2)
๐Ude ๐X = ๐Zexp โ๐8๐X
^_
๐Ude ๐X =ThenumberofTOFMatchedTracks
ThenumberofTPCTracks
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 8/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Correctionsโฏ Energy Loss
โฏ Background in ๐ analysis
๐ ๐X = ๐ด + ๐ต 1 +๐ถ๐X9
{
- No centrality dependence of energy loss- Energy loss of ๐ and ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ are the same- The energy loss for all the collision energy are the
same except 14.5 GeV (different material budget)
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 9/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Deuteron Spectraโฏ Mid-rapidity ( ๐ฆ โค 0.3) transverse
momentum distribution of ๐ from
Au+Au Collision
โฏ Dash line: blast-wave function fits1 2 3 4
5
4
3
2
1
111.5 GeV
1 2 3 4
5
4
3
2
1
114.5 GeV
1 2 3 4
6โ10
5โ10
4โ10
3โ10
2โ10
1โ10
1
19.6 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
27 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
39 GeV
1 2 3 4
6โ
10
5โ
10
4โ10
3โ
10
2โ10
1โ10 62.4 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1 200 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1โ
4 2ร 0-10%
3 2ร10-20%
2 2ร20-40%
1 2ร40-60%
0 2ร60-80%
(GeV/c)T
Transverse Momentum p
Deuteron from Au+Au Collision
)2
/Ge
V2
dy)
(c
TN
/(d
p2
)dT
pฯ
1/(
2
1 2 3 4
5โ
10
4โ10
3โ
10
2โ10
1โ10
17.7 GeV
STAR Preliminary
d9๐๐X๐๐X
โ ๏ฟฝ ๐d๐๐X๐ผZ๐Xsinh๐
๐ ๐พ8๐Xcosh๐
๐
๏ฟฝ
Z
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 10/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Anti-Deuteron Spectra
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
11.5 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
14.5 GeV
1 2 3 46โ10
5โ10
4โ10
3โ10
2โ10 19.6 GeV
1 2 3 46
5
4
3
2
27 GeV
1 2 3 46
5
4
3
2
39 GeV
1 2 3 4
6โ
10
5โ
10
4โ10
3โ
10
2โ10
1โ10
62.4 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1
200 GeV
1 2 3 4
6
5
4
3
2
1โ
4 2ร 0-10%
3 2ร10-20%
2 2ร20-40%
1 2ร40-60%
0 2ร60-80%
(GeV/c)T
Transverse Momentum p
Anti-Deuteron from Au+Au Collision
)2
/Ge
V2
dy)
(c
TN
/(d
p2
)dT
pฯ
1/(
2
1 2 3 4
6โ
10
5โ
10
4โ10
3โ
10
d9๐๐X๐๐X
โ ๏ฟฝ ๐d๐๐X๐ผZ๐Xsinh๐
๐ ๐พ8๐Xcosh๐
๐
๏ฟฝ
Z
STAR Preliminary
โฏ Mid-rapidity ( ๐ฆ โค 0.3) transverse
momentum distribution of ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ from
Au+Au Collision
โฏ Dash line: blast-wave function fits
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 11/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
๐๐ป and ๐ป๐๐๐, ๐ท
โฉ Part
Nโจ100 200 300
( G
eV/c
)โฉ
T pโจ
1
1.5
219.6 GeV 27 GeV 39 GeV62.4 GeV 200 GeV
Au+Au Anti-Deuteron
โฉ Part
Nโจ100 200 300
( G
eV/c
)โฉ
T pโจ
1
1.5
27.7 GeV 11.5 GeV 14.5 GeV 19.6 GeV27 GeV 39 GeV 62.4 GeV 200 GeV
Au+Au Deuteron
STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary
39 GeV ๐ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๐, ๐พ, ๐โ
Cent. ๐ป๐๐๐(MeV) ๐ท(c) ๐X (GeV/c) ๐X (GeV/c) ๐ป๐๐๐(MeV) ๐ท(c) ๐X (GeV/c)0-10% 99ยฑ12 0.45ยฑ0.02 1.35ยฑ0.09 1.39ยฑ0.09 118ยฑ11 0.48ยฑ0.04 0.85ยฑ0.0510-20% 110ยฑ14 0.43ยฑ0.02 1.32ยฑ0.09 1.35ยฑ0.05 120ยฑ11 0.46ยฑ0.03 0.83ยฑ0.0520-40% 135ยฑ23 0.39ยฑ0.02 1.23ยฑ0.08 1.23ยฑ0.08 126ยฑ11 0.41ยฑ0.03 0.79ยฑ0.05
โฏ ๐๐ป decrease fromcentral to peripheralcollision
โฏ ๐๐ป of ๐ and ๐ areconsistent within error
โฏ B.W. can describe both๐ and ๐, ๐พ, ๐ withsimilar parameters
โ STAR Collaboration, arXiv:1701.07065 (submitted to PRC)
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 12/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Integral Yield ๐ ๐ต ๐ ๐โ
โฏ ๐๐ ๐ /๐๐ฆ is smaller at higher energy: baryon stoppingโฏ ๐๐(๐)/๐๐ฆ increases with increasing energy: baryon pair productionโฏ ๐๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ scaled ๐๐/๐๐ฆ for ๐ show weak centrality dependence, for ๐
increase slightly from peripheral to central collision
โฉ Part
Nโจ100 200 300
]โฉ P
art
Nโจร
dN
/dy/[
0.5
6โ10
5โ10
4โ10
3โ10
11.5 GeV 14.5 GeV 19.6 GeV 27 GeV39 GeV 62.4 GeV 200 GeV
Au+Au Anti-Deuteron
โฉ Part
Nโจ100 200 300
]โฉ P
art
Nโจร
dN
/dy/[
0.5
3โ10
2โ10
7.7 GeV 11.5 GeV 14.5 GeV 19.6 GeV
27 GeV 39 GeV 62.4 GeV 200 GeV
Au+Au Deuteron
STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 13/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Antiparticle to Particle Ratios
โฏ ๐ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ /๐ ๐ ratio decreases as a function of collision centralityโฏ ๐ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ /๐ ๐ ratio decreases with decreasing energy
โฉ Part Nโจ100 200 300
)/N(d
)d
N(
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 200 GeV 2ร39 GeV
4ร19.6 GeV PHENIX 200 GeV
STAR Preliminary
PHENIX, PRL. 94, 122302 (2005).
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 14/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
๐ต(๐ )/๐ต(๐) Ratio vs. Energy
The lines are from thermal model predictionA. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, H. Stocker, PLB697 (2011)203
(GeV)NNs10 210 310
Parti
cle
Rat
io
4โ10
3โ10
2โ10
1โ10
1STAR 0-10% d/p
p/dSTAR 0-10% SIS d/pEOS802 d/pNA49 d/pPHENIX d/p
p/dPHENIX ALICE d/p
Thermal Prediction
5 MeVยฑT = 163
โฏ The N(๐)/๐(๐) ratios by thermal model prediction are consistentwith the data from SIS energies up to LHC
โฏ A temperature of ๐ = 163 ยฑ 5 MeV can be extracted from ๐(๐)/๐(๐)and ๐(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ)/๐(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ)
๐(๐)๐(๐) ~
๐พ9 ๐> ๐โ๐พ9 ๐- ๐โ
๐๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝX
๐(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ)๐(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ) ~
๐พ9 ๐> ๐โ๐พ9 ๐- ๐โ
๐0๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝX
STAR Preliminary
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 15/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
๐ /๐๐ and ๐ ๏ฟฝ/๐๏ฟฝ๐ Ratiosโฏ In thermal model with GCE (grand canonical
ensemble), ๐ ๐9โ and ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ9โ should be the same if iso-spin effect can be neglected
๐ ๐ =
12 ln
๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ9โ๐ ๐9โ
โฏ The ๐ /๐ can also be obtained by ๐ ๐ =
12 ln
๐ยก
๐0
The results are close to zero implying smalliso-spin effect
10 210
2d/p
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
3โ10ร
2d/p2
p/d
p err.
err.p
Au+Au 0-10%
(GeV)NNs10 210
/ T
Qยต 0.5โ
0
2BES d/p-
ฯ/+ฯBES -
ฯ/+ฯNA49 Initial Iso-spin
STAR Preliminary
NA49, PRC 94, 044906 (2016)
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 16/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
๐ฉ๐ v.s. ๐๐ป and Collision Centrality
โฏ The values of ๐ต9 increase as a function of ๐Xand decrease with collision centrality : collective expansion
โฏ ๐ต9 ๐ are smaller than that of ๐ต9 ๐ , antiโbaryon freeze out at a larger source
๐ต9 = ๐ ยฃ exp ๐ ๐X โ ๐
NA44, EPJ C. 23, 237 (2002)
)2 - m (GeV/cTm0.5 1 1.5
)3/c2
(GeV
2B
1
2
3
4
3โ10ร
(d) 0-10%2B(d) 10-20%2B(d) 20-40%2B(d) 40-60%2B
)2 - m (GeV/cTm0.5 1 1.5
)3/c2
(GeV
2B
) 0-10%d(2B) 10-20%d(2B) 20-40%d(2B) 40-60%d(2B
Au+Au 39 GeV
STAR Preliminary
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 17/20
(GeV)NNs4 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 100 200
)3/c2
(GeV
2B
3โ10
E864(d) Au+PbE866(d) Au+AuE877(d) Au+AuNA49(d) Pb+PbPHENIX(d) Au+Au
) Au+AudSTAR() Au+AudPHENIX(
/ A = 0.65 GeV/cT
pSTAR 0-10%(d) Au+Au
) Au+AudSTAR 0-10%(
Average of p+p and p+A
Central CollisionSTAR Preliminary
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Coalescence Parameters v.s. Collision Energy
โฏ ๐ต9 decrease with collision energy. A minimum around sHH๏ฟฝ = 20 GeV :change of EOS?!
โฏ ๐ต9 ๐ values are systematically lower than that of ๐ต9(๐) implying emitted source of anti-baryons is larger than those of baryons
arXiv:1410.2559
โ โ๐ โ ๐๐
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 18/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Discussionโฏ Is there any structure in energy
dependence of ๐ต9, from high
energy to low energy ? (BES: Yes)
โฏ Is there any centrality dependence
of ๐ต9? (Yes)
โฏ Is there any difference of ๐ต9between deuteron and anti-
deuteron? (Yes) (GeV)NNs4 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 100 200
)3/c2
(GeV
2B
3โ10
E864(d) Au+PbE866(d) Au+AuE877(d) Au+AuNA49(d) Pb+PbPHENIX(d) Au+Au
) Au+AudSTAR() Au+AudPHENIX(
/ A = 0.65 GeV/cT
pSTAR 0-10%(d) Au+Au
) Au+AudSTAR 0-10%(
Average of p+p and p+A
Central CollisionSTAR Preliminary
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 19/20
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30
Summaryโฏ STAR systematic results of ๐(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ) production (๐๐/๐๐ฆ, ๐๐ ) from Au + Au collisions
at ๐๐๐๏ฟฝ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV
โฏ Coalescence parameter๐ต9for๐ and ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ are extracted. ๐ต9(๐) and ๐ต9(๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ) are found to
be different in the most central collisions
โฏ Similar to the ๐ HBT and net-proton high moment, around sHH๏ฟฝ = 20 GeV, ๐ต9reaches a minimum implying EOS changes around the energy
โฏ High statistics data are needed for future studies, especially at the high net-baryon
density, i.e., low collision energy region
Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 20/20
Thank you
2017/2/7 17:10-17:30 Ning Yu, Quark Matter 2017@Chicago 21/20