ATTRIBUTES OF PEKK CO-POLYMER BASED COMPOSITESsampe.com.br/emailmkt/painel_aeroespacial_crornograma/cobertura/arkema.pdf110°C 1°C/min 3°C/min 180°C 23 minutes 70 minutes 110 minutes

Arkema Copyright 2017

ATTRIBUTES OF PEKK CO-POLYMER BASED

COMPOSITES

TIMOTHY A. SPAHR

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER - KEPSTAN®

ARKEMA INC.


CHARACTERISTICS OF THEPEKK CO-POLYMER

2


PEKK POLYMER CHARACTERISTICS

PEKK Co-Polymers are identified by their T/I ratio:

● T/I = 80/20, Semi-Crystalline Tg = 165°C Tm = 360°C Three Viscosities

● T/I = 70/30, Semi-Crystalline Tg = 162°C Tm = 335°C Two Viscosities

● T/I = 60/40, Semi-crystalline Tg = 160°C Tm = 305°C Three Viscosities

O C

O C

O

O C

O

C

O

T & I moieties give access to a Co-Polymer system


CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

4


PEKK CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TO AEROSPACE FLUIDS

PEKK Weight Gain %

Fluid Temp DaysKEPSTAN

6002

KEPSTAN

8002

Water 71°C 14 0.30% 0.20%

Hydraulic fluid 23°C 14 -0.050% -0.03%

Hydraulic fluid 71°C 14 -0.14% -0.07%

De-icing Fluid 23°C 14 -0.20% -0.12%

Isopropanol 23°C 14 -0.24% -0.18%

JP-4 Jet Fuel 23°C 14 0% 0%

Methylene Chloride 23°C 1 15.80% 0.42%


FLAME SMOKE TOXICITY

6


PEKK FLAME & SMOKE TOXICITY

Parameter Condition Specification Unit ValueFlammability rating 0.8 mm UL 94 - V-0

Limiting Oxygen Index 1.6 mm ISO 4589-2 %O2 35 – 38*

* PEKK 60/40 = 38%, PEKK 70/30 & 80/20 = 35%

Smoke Toxicity (ASTM E800)

Gas Flaming Non-Flaming

Carbon Dioxide 2449 ppm None Detected

Carbon Monoxide 280 ppm None Detected

Hydrogen Bromide None Detected None Detected

Hydrogen Chloride None Detected None Detected

Hydrogen Fluoride None Detected None Detected

Nitrogen Dioxide None Detected None Detected

Sulfur Dioxide None Detected None Detected


COMPOSITE PROPERTIES


COMPARISON OF EPOXY RESINS AND PEKK 70/30

9

Base Resin70/30 PEKK

Polymer

Specific Gravity 1.29

Tg – Dry 200°C to 212°C 162°C

Tg – Wet 140°C to 154°C ---

Tensile Strength 81.4 MPa to 121 MPa 110 MPa

Tensile Modulus 3.52 GPa to 4.67 GPa 3.8 GPa

Composite Fiber AS4D0°Tensile Strength: 2300 - 2450 MPA

0°Tensile Modulus: 139 - 145 GPa

0°Compression Strength: 1350 - 1400MPa

0°Compression Modulus: 124 - 125 Gpa

90°Tensile Strength 77 - 88 Mpa

90°Tensile Modulus 10 - 11 GPa

Base Polymers:

Composites

Impact Modified

Thermoset/Epoxy1.3

2068 MPa

AS4

135 MPa

1530 MPa

128 MPa

64 MPa

10 MPa


ADVANTAGE OF PEKK COMPOSITE PROCESSING

10


THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE CAN REDUCE THE COST COMPOSITES

11

Composite Cycle Time - Autoclave time only

22°C 1°C/min 3°C/min 110°C 29 minutes 88 minutes

55 minutes 65 minutes





4.01 hrs 6.84 hrs

22°C 2.0°C/min 3.00°C/min 180°C 53 minutes 79 minutes




7.35 hrs 9.12 hrs

Typical Aerospace Thermoset Composite Curing Process #1

Typical Aerospace Composite Curing Process #2

Total

TimeCuring and resin properties control the process

Cool @ 1-3°C/min to 60°C

Heat @ 2-3°C/min to 180°C

Hold @ 180°C for 345-360 min Hold

Curing and resin properties control the processTotal

Time

Metric

Hold @ 180°C for 120 min ± 5 min

Cool @ 2-5°C/min to 60-65°C

Hold

Metric Time Max

Hold @ 110°C for 60 ± 5 min

Heat to 180°C @ 2-3°C/min

Hold

Heat @ 1-3°C/min to 110°C

Start

Temp

(Min)

Ramp

(Max)

Ramp

End

TempTime Min

Time MaxStart

Temp

(Min)

Ramp

(Max)

Ramp

End

TempTime Min





0.31 hrs 1.17 hrs

(Max)

Ramp

Typical PEKK 70/30 Thermoplastic Composite Process

Time Max

Heat @ to 380°C (at any rate)

Hold @ 380°C for 10-30 min Hold

End

TempTime Min

Cool @ 5 to 10°C/min to <120°C

MetricStart

Temp

(Min)

Ramp

Crystallinity Kinetics Control the ProcessTotal

Time

Min Max


4.01 hrs 9.12 hrs

Min Max


0.31 hrs 1.17 hrs

Thermoset/TS

PEKK


PEKK COST REDUCING COMPOSITES

• Cost reduction of composite parts can be attained by targeting structures that the cost

of processing is greater than the cost of the composite material.

• The graph below charts data from the previous slide.

• This graph does not include consumables or material disposal due to shelf life.

Smaller LargerPart Size

Rela

tive C

ost

Process MaterialDominate Cost


ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR BY INDUCTIVE & RESISTIVE WELDING


PEKK INDUCTIVE WELDING

14

Induction heating:● contactless heating method using induction coil

There are two mechanisms of heating using Induction Coils (Inductor). (www.fluxtrol.com)● Eddy current for heating electrically conductive bodies● Hysteresis heating for heating magnetic materials. ● Both are mechanisms present in any inductive coil.

Carbon Fibers are Electrically conductive:● Carbon fiber will absorb inductive energy and will heat up during an inductive welding process.

The use of energy concentrators (Susceptors):● A specially made energy concentrators (susceptor) can be placed in the joint area of the mating composites to assist welding● Susceptors are formulated to be more efficient in absorbing energy from an inductive coil than carbon fiber.● Susceptors are specially compounded with either ferrous or non-ferrous metallic particulates.

http://www.fluxtrol.com/


PEKK RESISTIVE WELDING

15

.Inductive Welding:

Resistive welding utilizes heating circuits made using resistive wire, thick film or metal mesh that are placed between thermoplastic composite parts.

Thermoplastic composites, such as the composites made with the PEKK copolymer, can be resistance welded.

These circuits are flexible and can be designed to accommodate complex joining surfaces.

A flexible heating circuit made using thick film heating circuit sandwiched between layers of the PEKK Co-polymer is illustrated below

Flexible Circuit Heater


PRESS FORMED AND INSERT/OUTSERT MOLDING


PRESS FORMED 70/30 PEKK BASED FABRIC, OVERMOLDED WITH 80/20 PEKK W/30% CHOPPED CARBON FIBER

1717

Demonstrator Box:

70/30 PEKK fabric laminate

Press Formed and overmolded

in one tool and in one process

by Cogit, France

80/20 PEKK w/30% carbon fiber

ribs and sides overmolded on to

the Press Formed 70/30 PEKK

based composite

Press Formed 70/30

PEKK based composite


SUMMARY


SUMMARY

Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a unique member of the PAEK polymer family

PEKK is a copolymer, identified by its T/I ration, is three distinct polymer types:● T/I = 80/20, Semi-Crystalline Tg = 165°C Tm = 360°C● T/I = 70/30, Semi-Crystalline Tg = 162°C Tm = 335°C● T/I = 60/40, Semi-crystalline Tg = 160°C Tm = 305°C

PEKK:

● Has excellent Chemical Resistance

● Is naturally UL94 V0

● Has low Smoke Toxicity

● Is utilized in aerospace composites

PEKK based composites:

● Can be a cost reduction to thermoset composite parts

● Can be repaired and bonded using inductive and resistive welding.

● Are easily thermoformed

● Can be overmolded using injection molding practices.


CONTACT INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Tim Spahr

Business Development Manager

Arkema Inc

W17878 Silver Creek Rd

Galesville, WI 54630

USA

P: +1-608-582-2829

C: +1-608-738-9151

F: +1-610-878-6298

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.arkema.com

Americas:Fábio L.F. Paganini

Business Development Manager - South America

Arkema Brasil

Av. Ibirapuera, 2033 - 4º andar

Ibirapuera, São Paulo

Brasil - CEP 04029-901

P: 0055 11 3891-1025

C: 0055 11 99-108-4905

Email: [email protected]

Customer Service Brasil: 0055 11 2148-8570

Brasil:

Jerome Pascal, Arkema SA. France Jason Lyons, Arkema Inc, USA Bruce Clay, Arkema Inc, USA

Julien Jouanneau, Arkema Inc, USA Matt Perrone, Barrday Composite Solutions Robert Goldstein, Fluxtrol, USA

Acknowledgements

The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Arkema expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent, and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. © 2016 Arkema Inc.

Documents

ATTRIBUTES OF PEKK CO-POLYMER BASED COMPOSITESsampe.com.br/emailmkt/painel_aeroespacial_crornograma/cobertura/arkema.pdf110°C 1°C/min 3°C/min 180°C 23 minutes 70 minutes 110 minutes