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Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden Using Native Plants
Rufous Hummingbird feeding on Orange Honeysuckle (Lonicera ciliosa)
2
Why
Sho
uld
We
Car
e?
Key
ston
e Sp
ecie
s
W
hen
a bu
mbl
e be
e fe
eds o
n th
e ne
ctar
and
pol
len
of
huck
lebe
rry
flow
ers,
it p
ollin
ates
the
flow
ers,
whi
ch w
ill
prod
uce
frui
t eat
en b
y so
ngbi
rds,
gri
zzly
bea
rs, a
nd
doze
ns o
f oth
er a
nim
als,
incl
udin
g hu
man
s. W
e ca
ll
the
bum
ble
bee
and
othe
r pol
linat
ors k
eyst
one s
peci
es
beca
use
they
are
spec
ies u
pon
whi
ch o
ther
s dep
end.
Po
llina
tors
are
vit
al to
mai
ntai
ning
hea
lthy
ec
osys
tem
s. T
hey
are
esse
ntia
l for
pla
nt re
prod
ucti
on,
and
prod
uce
gene
tic
dive
rsit
y in
the
plan
ts th
ey p
ollin
ate.
Th
e m
ore
dive
rse
plan
ts a
re, t
he b
ette
r the
y ca
n w
eath
er
chan
ges i
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
Be
st o
f all,
pol
linat
ors s
uch
as h
umm
ingb
irds
, bee
s,
and
butt
erfli
es a
re b
eaut
iful a
nd fa
scin
atin
g.
Polli
nato
rs n
eed
our
help
.
Bi
olog
ists
fear
seve
ral b
utte
rfly
and
bum
ble
bee
sp
ecie
s hav
e di
sapp
eare
d fr
om p
arts
of t
heir
rang
e,
incl
udin
g th
e on
ce c
omm
on w
este
rn b
umbl
e be
e.
Why
are
pol
linat
ors i
n tr
oubl
e? It
app
ears
th
at h
abit
at lo
ss a
nd p
esti
cide
po
ison
ing
acco
unt f
or m
uch
of
the
popu
lati
on d
eclin
es.
We
can
do o
ur p
art t
o su
ppor
t pol
linat
ors b
y
crea
ting
pol
linat
or-
frie
ndly
gar
dens
and
pr
otec
ting
wild
life
habi
tat.
M
any
of u
s enj
oy th
e bea
uty
of fl
ower
s in
our
back
yard
and
com
mun
ity
gard
ens.
Gro
win
g na
tive
pl
ants
add
s bea
uty
and
impo
rtan
t hab
itat
s for
w
ildlif
e, es
peci
ally
for p
ollin
ator
s. E
ven
a sm
all
back
yard
gar
den
can
mak
e a b
ig d
iffe
renc
e. G
arde
ning
co
nnec
ts u
s to
natu
re a
nd h
elps
us b
ette
r und
erst
and
how
nat
ure w
orks
. Thi
s gui
de w
ill h
elp
you
crea
te a
po
llina
tor-
frie
ndly
gar
den.
Wha
t is p
ollin
atio
n?
Po
llina
tion
is th
e pr
oces
s of m
ovin
g po
llen
from
one
flo
wer
to a
noth
er o
f the
sam
e sp
ecie
s, w
hich
pro
duce
s fe
rtile
seed
s. A
lmos
t all
flow
erin
g pl
ants
nee
d to
be
po
llina
ted.
Som
e pl
ants
are
pol
linat
ed b
y w
ind
or w
ater
, an
d so
me
are
even
self-
polli
nati
ng. H
owev
er, m
ost
flow
erin
g pl
ants
dep
end
on b
ees,
bu
tter
flies
, and
oth
er a
nim
als
for p
ollin
atio
n.
Why
use
nat
ive
plan
ts in
you
r ga
rden
?
Po
llina
tors
hav
e ev
olve
d w
ith
nati
ve
plan
ts, w
hich
are
bes
t ada
pted
to th
e lo
cal
grow
ing
seas
on, c
limat
e, a
nd so
ils. M
ost
polli
nato
rs fe
ed o
n sp
ecifi
c pla
nt sp
ecie
s —
hum
min
gbir
ds si
p ne
ctar
from
long
, tu
bula
r hon
eysu
ckle
flow
ers,
whi
le g
reen
sw
eat b
ees p
refe
r mor
e op
en-f
aced
sunfl
ower
s.
Non
-nat
ive
plan
ts m
ay n
ot p
rovi
de p
ollin
ator
s wit
h en
ough
nec
tar o
r pol
len,
or m
ay b
e in
edib
le to
bu
tter
fly o
r mot
h ca
terp
illar
s.
1
Nat
ive
Plan
t and
Pol
linat
or
Gar
deni
ng G
uide
Wha
t do
hu
mm
ingb
irds,
butte
rflie
s and
be
es h
ave
in
com
mon
? Th
ey a
ll po
llina
te
flow
erin
g pl
ants.
Inse
cts a
nd o
ther
an
imal
s pol
linat
e on
e-th
ird o
f the
fo
od w
e ea
t – a
ll ki
nds o
f fru
its,
vege
tabl
es, g
rain
s, nu
ts, a
nd b
eans
. Ev
en co
ffee
and
choc
olat
e! T
he
econ
omic
valu
e of
in
sect
pol
linat
ion
wor
ldw
ide
has
been
est
imat
ed a
t $2
17 b
illio
n.
Wes
tern
Bum
ble
Bee
on
Max
imili
an S
unflo
wer
(H
elia
nthu
s max
imili
ani)
Hal
f-bl
ack
Bum
ble
Bee
and
pens
tem
on fl
ower
4
Bum
ble
Bee
(Bom
bus)
Th
ere
are
fort
y-se
ven
spec
ies o
f bum
ble
bees
in
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
Bum
ble
bees
are
the
B-1
bom
bers
of b
ees.
Be
caus
e of
thei
r chu
nky
size
, the
y ca
n fly
in c
oole
r te
mpe
ratu
res a
nd a
t low
er li
ght l
evel
s tha
n m
any
othe
r be
es in
clud
ing
the
hone
ybee
. Thu
s, q
ueen
bum
ble
bees
ar
e th
e ea
rlie
st to
em
erge
in sp
ring
in se
arch
of t
he fi
rst
flow
ers o
f the
seas
on.
Life
styl
e: A
n in
divi
dual
que
en st
arts
a c
olon
y in
the
spri
ng
afte
r she
wak
es fr
om h
iber
nati
on. S
he p
rodu
ces w
ax fr
om
glan
ds in
her
bod
y to
mak
e po
t-lik
e ce
lls in
whi
ch to
lay
her e
ggs a
nd to
stor
e ne
ctar
and
pol
len
for h
er b
rood
. Th
e yo
ung
emer
ge in
a fe
w w
eeks
as f
emal
e w
orke
r bee
s.
As f
all a
rriv
es, m
ost b
ees d
ie a
nd o
nly
new
ly-m
ated
que
ens
over
win
ter t
o es
tabl
ish
new
col
onie
s.
3
B
ees,
but
terfl
ies,
mot
hs, h
umm
ingb
irds
, bee
tles
, w
asps
and
even
flie
s pol
linat
e flow
ers,
but
bee
spec
ies
polli
nate
flow
ers m
ore o
ften
than
any
oth
er g
roup
, in
clud
ing
bird
s and
but
terfl
ies.
Bus
y as
a B
ee
Be
es a
re b
y fa
r the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e po
llina
tors
bec
ause
th
ey fe
ed o
nly
on fl
ower
s. F
low
ers a
ttra
ct a
nd re
war
d be
es
for t
heir
pol
linat
ion
serv
ice.
Bee
s gat
her t
wo
kind
s of f
oods
fr
om fl
ower
s: su
gar-
rich
nec
tar t
o fu
el th
eir fl
ight
and
pr
otei
n-ri
ch p
olle
n, o
r bee
bre
ad, t
o fe
ed th
eir y
oung
bro
od.
Bees
use
thei
r ton
gues
to la
p or
lick
up
nect
ar fr
om fl
ower
s.
Be
es a
re a
div
erse
gro
up o
f ins
ects
that
incl
ude
four
th
ousa
nd sp
ecie
s nat
ive
to N
orth
Am
eric
a. T
hey
can
be
orga
nize
d in
to tw
o gr
oups
bas
ed o
n th
eir n
esti
ng li
fest
yle:
so
litar
y or
soci
al. A
bout
thre
e-qu
arte
rs o
f nat
ive
bees
in
Nor
th A
mer
ica
are
solit
ary
nest
bui
lder
s.
Tong
ue le
ngth
s va
ry in
bee
sp
ecie
s. Lo
ng
tong
ues fi
t lon
g,
tubu
lar fl
ower
s lik
e pe
nste
mon
s an
d sh
ort t
ongu
es
fit sh
ort-
tube
d flo
wer
s lik
e
sunfl
ower
s.
Bum
ble
bees
gro
om
polle
n fr
om th
eir
body
hai
rs in
to
“pol
len
bask
ets,”
or
corb
icula
, for
tr
ansp
ort t
o th
e ne
st.
Hal
f-bl
ack
Bum
ble
Bee
(Bom
bus v
agan
s) o
n R
ocky
Mou
ntai
n Be
e Pl
ant
(Cle
ome
serr
ulat
a)
The
Euro
pean
H
oney
bee
(A
pis m
ellif
era)
is
a so
cial b
ee.
Be
es p
refe
r blu
e, p
urpl
e, a
nd y
ello
w
flow
ers,
and
swee
t fra
gran
ces.
They
see
ultr
avio
let
colo
rs –
foun
d on
the
flow
ers s
uch
as b
utte
rcup
s and
bl
ack-
eyed
Sus
ans.
Who
Are
Our
Pol
linat
ors?
Socia
l Bee
s
Polle
n ba
sket
Solit
ary
leaf
-cut
ter
bee
(Meg
achi
le)
nest
Socia
l nes
ting
bu
mbl
e be
e (B
ombu
s)
Nes
ting
Life
styl
es
GA
RD
EN
ING
G
olde
n cu
rran
t, se
rvice
berr
y, a
nd
chok
eche
rry
flow
er e
arly
in M
arch
and
attr
act b
umbl
e
bees
and
mas
on b
ees.
GA
RD
EN
ING
Tom
atoe
s,
pepp
ers,
and
cran
berr
ies r
equi
re
a sp
ecia
l bum
ble
bee
beha
vior
ca
lled
“buz
z
polli
natio
n”, i
n w
hich
the
bum
ble
bee
grab
s the
flo
wer
in h
er ja
ws
and
vibr
ates
her
w
ings
to d
islod
ge
polle
n tr
appe
d in
the
flow
er’s
anth
ers.
5
Solit
ary
Bees
Gre
en S
wea
t Bee
(A
gapo
stem
on)
Th
ese
smal
l, br
illia
ntly
co
lore
d, m
etal
lic
gree
n be
es a
re h
ard
to m
iss i
n a
gard
en.
They
’re
com
mon
ly
calle
d sw
eat b
ees b
ecau
se th
ey la
nd o
n pe
ople
to li
ck u
p sa
lty h
uman
swea
t.
Life
styl
e: S
ome
swea
t bee
s nes
t soc
ially
, bu
t mos
t are
solit
ary
grou
nd-n
este
rs.
Muc
h of
wha
t we
know
abo
ut th
e so
cial
be
havi
or a
mon
g in
sect
s has
bee
n le
arne
d fr
om sw
eat b
ees
beca
use
they
show
diff
eren
t deg
rees
of s
ocia
lity.
In so
me
spec
ies,
fem
ales
bui
ld a
nd n
est a
lone
; in
othe
rs, f
emal
es
nest
com
mun
ally
and
shar
e a
com
mon
nes
t ent
ranc
e bu
t co
nstr
uct i
ndiv
idua
l nes
t cel
ls (l
ike
apar
tmen
t bui
ldin
gs.)
Leaf
-cut
ter
Bee
(Meg
achi
le)
The
se p
ugna
ciou
s bee
s car
ry p
olle
n on
th
eir t
umm
ies.
Lea
f-cu
tter
bee
s and
oth
er
solit
ary
bees
seld
om st
ing.
Life
styl
e: T
hey
cons
truc
t the
ir n
ests
in
tunn
els i
n th
e gr
ound
, und
er
ston
es, o
r in
exis
ting
hol
es
in d
ead
woo
d. A
fem
ale
bee
cuts
cir
cula
r lea
f pie
ces
to li
ne h
er n
est c
ham
bers
, w
hich
are
shap
ed li
ke
thim
bles
end
to e
nd. I
n ea
ch,
she
lays
an
egg
and
prov
isio
ns it
wit
h po
llen
and
nect
ar fo
r her
egg
s.
6
Solit
ary
Bees
Orc
hard
Mas
on B
ee (O
smia
lign
aria
)
Th
ese
robu
st, m
etal
lic b
lue
bees
mos
t com
mon
ly
appe
ar e
arly
in sp
ring
whe
n tr
ees a
nd sh
rubs
flow
er.
Fem
ales
car
ry p
olle
n on
the
unde
rsid
es o
f the
ir a
bdom
ens.
Life
styl
e: O
rcha
rd M
ason
bee
s bui
ld n
est c
ells
in
pre-
exis
ting
nar
row
tunn
els s
uch
as b
eetle
bur
row
s in
tree
s, c
revi
ces b
etw
een
ston
es, h
ollo
w c
ente
rs o
f pla
nt
stem
s and
aba
ndon
ed w
asp
or b
ee n
ests
. In
the
nest
tu
nnel
, the
fem
ale
build
s a se
ries
of h
oriz
onta
l cha
mbe
rs
prov
isio
ning
eac
h w
ith
polle
n,
nect
ar, a
nd a
n eg
g an
d th
en
seal
s the
cha
mbe
r wit
h m
ud.
By th
e en
d of
sum
mer
, the
be
e w
ill tr
ansf
orm
into
an
adul
t in
its c
ocoo
n an
d
over
win
ter i
n th
e ch
ambe
r un
til i
t em
erge
s in
spri
ng.
A
fem
ale
Leaf
-cut
ter B
ee
will
cut c
ircul
ar
leaf
pie
ces t
o lin
e he
r nes
ting
ch
ambe
rs.
Orc
hard
Mas
on B
ee
(Osm
ia li
gnar
ia)
If y
ou se
e a
bee
ca
rryi
ng p
olle
n on
its
bel
ly o
r hin
d le
gs, i
t’s a
fem
ale
bee.
G
reen
swea
t bee
s and
leaf
-cut
ter b
ees
like
com
posit
es –
Erig
eron
, Gai
llard
ia, s
unflo
wer
s, an
d as
ters
.
Gre
en S
wea
t Bee
(A
gapo
stem
on)
Leaf
-cut
ter B
ee
(Meg
achi
le)
GA
RD
EN
ING
Mas
on b
ee h
ouse
s lik
e th
is ar
e us
ed
to a
ttrac
t the
se
impo
rtan
t pol
-lin
ator
s. (n
eed
capt
ion)
Orch
ard
Mas
on B
ees (
Osm
ia li
gnar
ia)
on W
ilcox
’s Pe
nste
mon
(Pe
nste
mon
Wilc
oxii)
Leaf
-cut
ter B
ee
(Meg
achi
le)
on
Hai
ry G
olde
n As
ter (
Chr
ysop
sis
villo
sa)
Gre
en S
wea
t Bee
(A
gapo
stem
on)
on
Gai
llard
ia
(Gai
llard
ia a
rista
ta)
Impo
rtant
pol
linat
ors o
f fr
uit t
rees
, jus
t 250
mas
on
bees
can
polli
nate
an
acre
of
app
le tr
ees.
It w
ould
take
10
,000
-250
,000
hon
eybe
es
to d
o th
e sa
me
wor
k.
Mas
on b
ees l
ike
Pens
tem
on,
Astra
galu
s, an
d na
tive
flo
wer
ing
trees
such
as
chok
eche
rry,
haw
thor
n,
and
serv
icebe
rry.
GA
RD
EN
ING
87Pl
anni
ng y
our g
arde
n –
thi
nk li
ke a
pol
linat
or.
Bee
Hom
ey. M
ake
smal
l pile
s of b
ranc
hes
to a
ttach
chry
salis
or c
ocoo
ns.
Prov
ide
hollo
w tw
igs,
rotte
n lo
gs
with
woo
d-bo
ring
beet
le h
oles
and
bu
nchg
rasse
s and
leav
e stu
mps
, old
ro
dent
bur
row
s, an
d fa
llen
plan
t m
ater
ial f
or n
estin
g be
es. L
eave
dea
d
or d
ying
tree
s for
woo
dpec
kers
.
Go
Nat
ive.
Pol
linat
ors a
re
“bes
t” a
dapt
ed to
loca
l, na
tive
plan
ts, w
hich
ofte
n ne
ed le
ss w
ater
than
orn
amen
tals.
Bee
Patie
nt. I
t tak
es ti
me
for n
ativ
e pl
ants
to g
row
and
for p
ollin
ator
s to
find
your
gar
den,
esp
ecia
lly if
you
live
far f
rom
w
ild la
nds.
Bee
Che
mica
l Fre
e.
Pesti
cides
and
her
bicid
es k
ill
polli
nato
rs.
Bee
a lit
tle m
essy
. Mos
t of
our
nat
ive
bee
spec
ies
(70%
) ne
st un
derg
roun
d so
av
oid
usin
g w
eed
cloth
or
heav
y m
ulch
.
Bee
Awar
e. O
bser
ve
polli
nato
rs w
hen
you
wal
k ou
tside
in n
atur
e. N
otice
w
hich
flow
ers a
ttrac
t bu
mbl
e be
es o
r sol
itary
be
es, a
nd w
hich
attr
act
butte
rflie
s.
Bee
Frie
ndly
. C
reat
e po
llina
tor-
frie
ndly
gar
dens
bo
th a
t hom
e, a
t sc
hool
s and
in p
ublic
pa
rks.
Hel
p pe
ople
le
arn
mor
e ab
out
polli
nato
rs a
nd
nativ
e pl
ants.
Bee
Gen
tle. M
ost b
ees w
ill a
void
sti
ngin
g an
d us
e th
at b
ehav
ior o
nly
in
self-
defe
nse.
Mal
e be
es d
o no
t stin
g.
Bee
Show
y. F
low
ers s
houl
d bl
oom
in y
our
gard
en th
roug
hout
the
grow
ing
seas
on.
Plan
t will
ow, c
urra
nt, a
nd O
rego
n gr
ape
for s
prin
g an
d as
ter,
rabb
it br
ush
and
gold
enro
d fo
r fal
l flow
ers.
Bee
Boun
tiful
. Pla
nt b
ig
patch
es o
f eac
h pl
ant s
pecie
s (b
ette
r for
agin
g ef
ficie
ncy.
)
Bee
Div
erse
. Pla
nt a
div
ersit
y of
flow
erin
g sp
ecie
s with
ab
unda
nt p
olle
n an
d ne
ctar a
nd sp
ecifi
c pla
nts f
or fe
edin
g bu
tterfl
y an
d m
oth
cate
rpill
ars.
Bee
Sunn
y.
Prov
ide
area
s with
su
nny,
bar
e so
il th
at’s
dry
and
wel
l-dra
ined
, pr
efer
ably
with
so
uth-
facin
g slo
pes.
9
Butt
erfli
es
By
grow
ing
a bo
unty
of n
ativ
e flo
wer
ing
plan
ts in
you
r gar
den,
yo
u ca
n at
trac
t a v
arie
ty o
f the
m
ore t
han
220
butt
erfly
sp
ecie
s fou
nd in
Mon
tana
.
Two-
taile
d Ti
ger
Swal
low
tail
(Pap
ilio
mul
ticau
data
)
Th
is la
rge
butt
erfly
(up
to 6
” w
ings
pan)
can
be
fo
und
from
May
th
roug
h A
ugus
t.
Mal
es c
an o
ften
be
se
en p
atro
lling
for
fem
ales
alo
ng st
ream
s,
ca
nyon
s and
nar
row
road
way
s.
Life
styl
e: A
goo
d po
llina
tor g
arde
n co
ntai
ns fo
od n
ot ju
st fo
r adu
lt
butt
erfli
es, b
ut fo
r the
ir c
ater
pilla
rs to
o.
Fem
ale
butt
erfli
es se
lect
spec
ific
plan
ts o
n w
hich
to la
y th
eir e
ggs;
this
ens
ures
that
whe
n th
eir e
ggs h
atch
, the
ca
terp
illar
s will
be
able
to e
at th
e pl
ant’
s lea
ves w
hile
gr
owin
g in
to a
dult
butt
erfli
es. T
wo-
taile
d Ti
ger
Swal
low
tails
lay
thei
r egg
s on
ash
and
ch
okec
herr
y le
aves
.
10
Butt
erfli
es
Whe
n di
sturb
ed, a
swal
low
tail
cate
rpill
ar re
ars
up a
nd e
xten
ds tw
o re
d ho
rns (
osm
eter
ia)
from
its
hea
d to
frig
hten
off
pot
entia
l pre
dato
rs.
Blue
but
terfl
ies f
eed
on
nec
tar f
rom
re
d-os
ier d
ogw
ood,
ch
okec
herr
y an
d ot
her fl
ower
s.
The
larv
ae fe
ed o
n lu
pine
.
Bu
tterfl
ies f
avor
pla
tfor
m-s
hape
d
sunfl
ower
s and
aste
rs, b
ut w
ill fe
ed o
n a
dive
rsity
of
nect
ar-r
ich fl
ower
s fro
m v
iole
ts to
serv
icebe
rry
shru
bs.
They
pre
fer r
ed, p
urpl
e, o
r yel
low
flow
ers w
ith sw
eet s
cent
s. Bu
tterfl
ies l
ove
war
m, s
unny
, and
win
dles
s wea
ther
.
GA
RD
EN
ING
GA
RD
EN
ING
Two-
taile
d Ti
ger
Swal
low
tail
(P
apili
o
mul
ticau
data
) on
Wes
tern
Se
rvice
berr
y (A
mel
anch
ier
alni
folia
), it
s la
rval
pla
nt.
Ants
tend
and
pr
otec
t Silv
ery
Blue
cate
rpill
ars,
whi
ch re
war
d th
em w
ith
hone
ydew
.
Silv
ery
Blue
(G
lauc
opsy
che
lygd
amus
)
Butte
rflie
s and
la
rva
feed
ing
on
Silv
ery
Lupi
ne
(Lup
inus
ar
gent
eus)
Silv
ery
Blu
e (G
lauc
opsy
che l
ygda
mus
) But
terfl
y
A
dult
Silv
ery
Blue
but
terfl
ies a
ppea
r fro
m th
e en
d of
A
pril
to S
epte
mbe
r. M
ale
butt
erfli
es c
an o
ften
be
seen
pu
ddlin
g, w
hich
is si
ppin
g up
soil
salts
and
min
eral
s in
mud
pud
dles
.
Life
styl
e: F
emal
e bl
ue b
utte
rflie
s la
y eg
gs o
nly
on lu
pine
and
onc
e
they
hat
ch, t
he c
ater
pilla
rs e
at
the
leav
es, fl
ower
s, a
nd se
edpo
ds.
They
pro
duce
a su
gary
secr
etio
n,
or h
oney
dew
, whi
ch is
eat
en
by a
nts.
11
Mot
hs
M
onta
na m
ay h
ave a
s man
y as
1,8
00 sp
ecie
s of
mot
hs. T
he ex
act n
umbe
r is u
nkno
wn
beca
use t
hese
ni
ght-
flyin
g po
llina
tors
oft
en ev
ade d
etec
tion
.
Whi
te-l
ined
Sph
inx
Mot
h (H
yles
line
ata)
A
lthou
gh m
any
mot
h sp
ecie
s pol
linat
e flo
wer
s, th
e sp
hinx
or h
awk
mot
h is
pro
babl
y th
e on
e m
ost f
amili
ar
beca
use
it’s
act
ive
by d
ay.
Life
styl
e: T
hey’
re g
reat
flye
rs a
nd so
me
have
tong
ues
long
er th
an th
eir b
odie
s. T
hese
larg
e m
oths
fly
upw
ind,
tr
acki
ng th
e ai
rbor
ne fr
agra
nce
trai
l to
a cl
uste
r of fl
ower
s.
Thei
r cat
erpi
llars
, cal
led
to
bacc
o an
d to
mat
o
horn
wor
ms,
are
wel
l kn
own
to g
arde
ners
.
12
Hum
min
gbird
s
Bec
ause
hum
min
gbir
ds sp
ecia
lize o
n ne
ctar
feed
ing,
th
ey p
lay
an im
port
ant r
ole i
n po
llina
tion
. The
se
colo
rful
, mig
rato
ry b
irds
serv
e as a
link
bet
wee
n
plan
t pop
ulat
ions
by
visi
ting
flow
ers a
nd
mov
ing
polle
n ov
er g
reat
dis
tanc
es.
Ruf
ous,
Cal
liope
, an
d Bl
ack-
chin
ned
hum
min
gbird
s br
eed
in M
onta
na.
Whi
te-li
ned
Sphi
nx M
oth
an
d la
rvae
(H
yles
line
ata)
fe
edin
g on
Ye
llow
Eve
ning
Pr
imro
se
(Oen
othe
ra fl
ava)
Sphi
nx m
oths
, also
calle
d
“Hum
min
gbird
” m
oths
, pre
fer p
ale
or w
hite
flow
ers t
hat
open
in th
e ev
enin
g an
d th
at h
ave
a st
rong
, sw
eet s
mel
l. Th
ey p
ick u
p po
llen
on th
eir l
egs a
nd w
ings
. Adu
lts n
ecta
r on
colu
mbi
ne a
nd h
oney
suck
le. C
ater
pilla
rs fe
ed o
n
even
ing
prim
rose
.
GA
RD
EN
ING
To
attr
act h
umm
ingb
irds
to y
our g
arde
n, p
rovi
de th
em w
ith n
ecta
r sta
rtin
g in
ear
ly sp
ring.
It’s
thou
ght t
hat
hum
min
gbird
s pre
fer r
ed-c
olor
ed fl
ower
s;
how
ever
, the
y w
ill fe
ed o
n an
y flo
wer
th
at p
rodu
ces a
bund
ant n
ecta
r.
GA
RD
EN
ING
A bu
tterfl
y
ante
nna
(top
)is
a sin
gle
filam
ent
with
a cl
ub a
t the
tip
, whi
le a
mot
h an
tenn
a (b
otto
m)
can
be b
road
an
d fe
athe
ry o
r ta
pere
d to
a p
oint
.
Can
you
tell
a
butte
rfly
from
a
mot
h?
Butte
rflie
s are
br
ight
ly co
lore
d
and
mot
hs a
re m
ore
ofte
n co
lore
d in
m
uted
gra
ys a
nd
brow
ns.
Ruf
ous
Hum
min
gbir
d
A
tiny
jew
el o
f a
bird
, the
Ruf
ous
Hum
min
gbir
d fie
rcel
y
defe
nds i
ts fe
edin
g ar
eas
and
will
att
ack
muc
h
larg
er b
irds
incl
udin
g
Grea
t Hor
ned
O
wls
.
Life
styl
e:
Ruf
ous
Hum
min
gbir
ds n
est
in w
illow
-dom
inat
ed
area
s wit
hin
fore
sted
hab
itat
s.
Sap
wel
ls cr
eate
d by
Red
-nap
ed S
apsu
cker
s su
pply
man
y an
imal
s with
a q
uick
ene
rgy
boos
t. H
umm
ingb
irds n
eed
lots
of in
sect
s (pr
otei
n) in
th
eir d
iet,
and
will
nab
inse
cts s
tuck
in sa
p w
ells.
Mal
e Ru
fous
H
umm
ingb
ird o
n H
oney
suck
le
(L
onice
ra ci
liosa
)
13
Beet
les,
Flie
s and
Was
ps
Flow
er B
eetl
e (T
ypoc
erus
)
Be
etle
s pre
sent
the
grea
test
div
ersi
ty o
f ins
ects
and
po
llina
tors
. Reg
ular
flow
er v
isit
ors i
nclu
de so
ldie
r bee
tles
and
flow
er b
eetle
s. T
hey
feed
on
polle
n an
d ev
en c
hew
on
flow
ers,
but
in th
is m
ess a
nd so
il po
llina
tion
pro
cess
they
pi
ck u
p po
llen
and
carr
y it
to o
ther
flow
ers.
14
Her
e’s a
sam
ple o
f the
gar
den-
hard
y na
tive
pla
nts i
n ou
r re
gion
that
att
ract
pol
linat
ors.
Flow
er o
r H
over
Fly
(S
yrph
id)
Polle
n W
asp
(Pse
udom
asar
is)
Th
ese
beet
les a
re co
mm
only
se
en o
n ya
rrow
and
sunfl
ower
s.
Flow
er o
r H
over
Fly
(Syr
phid
)
Be
caus
e th
ey’r
e so
abu
ndan
t, fl
ies a
re im
port
ant
polli
nato
rs e
ven
thou
gh th
ey tr
ansp
ort l
ess p
olle
n th
an
bees
. Hov
er fl
ies m
imic
bee
s and
was
ps in
col
orat
ion
an
d be
havi
or to
avo
id p
reda
tors
.
H
over
flie
s fee
d on
the
sam
e flo
wer
s pr
efer
red
by b
ees,
such
as g
olde
n cu
rran
t, ra
bbitb
rush
, an
d su
nflow
ers.
Polle
n W
asp
(Pse
udom
asar
is)
D
on’t
be
frig
hten
ed if
you
see
this
was
p, it
doe
sn’t
ea
t ins
ects
or b
ite
hum
ans,
but
seek
s out
flow
ers f
or
polle
n. A
yel
low
-jac
ket l
ook-
a-lik
e, p
olle
n w
asps
can
be
iden
tifie
d fr
om o
ther
was
ps b
y th
eir c
lubb
ed a
nten
nae.
Th
ey’r
e so
litar
y ne
ster
s and
you
mig
ht fi
nd th
eir h
ard
m
ud n
ests
att
ache
d to
rock
s or t
wig
s.
Com
mon
Nam
e Sc
ient
ific N
ame
Com
mon
Cho
kech
erry
......
...Pr
unus
vir
gini
ana
Gold
en C
urra
nt ..
......
......
....R
ibes
aur
eum
Red
Osi
er D
ogw
ood
......
......
Corn
us st
olon
ifera
Blue
Eld
erbe
rry
......
......
......
Sam
bucu
s cer
ulea
Lew
is’ M
ock
Ora
nge .
......
....P
hila
delp
hus l
ewis
ii
Rub
ber R
abbi
tbru
sh ...
......
...Ch
ryso
tham
nus n
ause
osus
Wes
tern
Ser
vice
berr
y ....
......
Am
elan
chie
r aln
ifolia
Ore
gon
Grap
e....
......
......
.....
Mah
onia
repe
ns
Ora
nge
Hon
eysu
ckle
.....
......
Loni
cera
cilio
sa
Beeb
alm
.....
......
......
......
.....
Mon
arda
fist
ulos
a
Blue
bunc
h W
heat
gras
s ....
...Ps
eudo
roeg
neri
a sp
icat
a
Blan
ket F
low
er ..
......
......
.....
Gai
llard
ia a
rist
ata
Yello
w B
uckw
heat
......
......
...Er
igon
um fl
avum
Clar
kia
......
......
......
......
......
Clar
kia
pulch
ella
Blue
Col
umbi
ne ..
......
......
....A
quile
gia
coer
ulea
Cone
flow
er ...
......
......
......
....E
chin
acea
ang
ustif
olia
Show
y Fl
eaba
ne ..
......
......
...Er
iger
on sp
ecio
sus
Mis
sour
i Gol
denr
od ..
......
....S
olid
ago
mis
sour
iens
is
Scar
let G
lobe
mal
low
.....
......
Spha
eral
cea
cocc
inea
Hai
ry F
alse
Gol
dena
ster
.....
.Chr
ysop
sis v
illos
a
Dot
ted
Blaz
ing
Star
.....
......
.Lia
tris
pun
ctat
a
Thre
adle
af P
hace
lia ..
......
....P
hace
lia li
near
is
Scar
let G
ilia .
......
......
......
....G
ilia
aggr
egat
a
Max
imili
an S
unflo
wer
.....
...H
elia
nthu
s max
imili
ani
Wilc
ox’s
Pen
stem
on ...
......
...Pe
nste
mon
wilc
oxii
Com
mon
Yar
row
.....
......
.....
Ach
illea
mill
efol
ium
Po
llen
was
ps p
ollin
ate
pe
nste
mon
s and
pha
celia
s.G
AR
DE
NIN
G
GA
RD
EN
ING
GA
RD
EN
ING
Att
ract
Pol
linat
ors w
ith th
ese
N
ativ
e Pl
ants
Flow
er B
eetle
(T
ypoc
erus
)
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Text: Susan Reel • Design and Illustrations: Nancy Seiler
Lolo National Forest Building 24, Fort Missoula
Missoula, MT 59804
R1-10 -5Printed on recycled paper.
How do butterflies survive the winter? Mourning Cloak, Milbert’s Tortoiseshell, and Anglewing spend the winter as adults, but most butterflies overwinter as eggs, caterpillars or pupae. In your garden, tree cavities, leaf litter and branch piles shelter over-wintering butterflies from predators and cold weather.
Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa)
