Upload
turner
View
26
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ATTITUDES OF SERBIAN CITIZENS TOWARDS CORRUPTION . Report prepared for UNDP Serbia Report prepared by CeSID DOO , Belgrade December 201 3. Methodological remarks . Generally speaking, do you think things in Serbia are going in the right or wrong direction? . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ATTITUDES OF SERBIAN CITIZENS TOWARDS CORRUPTION
Report prepared for UNDP SerbiaReport prepared by CeSID DOO, Belgrade
December 2013
2
METHODOLOGICAL REMARKS
Research realised by Public opinion research agency CeSID and UNDP Serbia
Field work Period between December 07 and 17, 2013
Type and sample sizeRandom, representative sample made out of 600 citizens of Serbia aged over
18
Sample frame Polling station territory, as the most reliable registry unit
Household selection Random sampling with no substitutions – every other house addresses, within
the polling station area
Selection of interviewees within households
Random sampling with no substitutions – selection of interviewees based on the first birthday method in relation to the
survey day
Research technique Face to face, within the household
Research instrument Questionnaire
3
GENERALLY SPEAKING, DO YOU THINK THINGS IN SERBIA ARE GOING IN THE RIGHT OR WRONG DIRECTION?
Optimism of Serbian citizens
still remains at the December 2013
level . At this moment, almost
one third of citizens (31%) are of the
opinion that things in Serbia are going
in the right direction! This represents the
third research cycle where we note
almost the same percent of citizens who express their
optimism concerning Serbia's
future.
Doesn’t know
In the right direction
In the wrong direction
12%
14%
73%
13%
16%
71%
23%
32%
45%
19%
32%
49%
21%
31%
48%
2013 Dec
2013 Jun
2012 Dec
2012 Jun
2011 Nov
4
How would you assess your current financial situation?
Since the beginning of the research project in 2009, we currently have the highest percentage of interviewees who believe their financial situation is unbearable (18%). If we
take into account another 36% of those who describe their financial position as bad, we get a bit more than half of Serbian citizens whose finances are barely sufficient for
survival.
2011 Nov 2012 Jun 2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
1% 1% 0% 1% 0%1% 0% 1% 1% 1%
12%9% 10% 9% 9%
35%31%
45%
37% 37%
45% 45%
31%
36% 36%
6%
14% 13%16%
18%
Doesn`t know
Exceptionally good
Fairly good
Bearable
Bad
Unbearable
5
WHAT ARE THE KEY PROBLEMS?
Negative parameters of living standards
represent the precondition on the list
of key problems the citizens of Serbia face.
Poverty has pushed corruption from second to third position on the list of biggest problems
the citizens face.
At this moment, immediately after
unemployment which tops the list, poverty is
the key problem for 18% of Serbian citizens;
corruption is in third place, with 12% of
those who see it as the biggest problem for
Serbian citizens today.
Kosovo and Metohija
Relations with Europe and the EU
Health care
Pensions
Poor education system
Feeble and inefficient institutions
Crime and security
Lack of opportunities for young people
Low salaries
Corruption
Poverty
Unemployment
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
2%
4%
5%
7%
12%
21%
41%
1%
1%
2%
3%
1%
1%
3%
5%
9%
9%
23%
40%
1%
2%
2%
1%
2%
3%
3%
7%
6%
15%
14%
44%
0%
1%
1%
1%
2%
4%
3%
6%
6%
15%
15%
44%
0%
0%
1%
2%
2%
2%
4%
7%
9%
12%
18%
43%
2013 Dec
2013 Jun
2012 Dec
2012 Jun
2011 Nov
THE INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION
Who paid, how much, to whom and why?
7
CORRUPTION INCIDENCE
Only 19% of interviewees say that people close to them had experience with corruption in the previous three months, which is 1% less than a year ago. This is, at the same time,
the lowest result since the beginning of this research project!
2009
Oct
2010
Mar
2010
Oct
2011
Nov
2012
Jun
2012
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2009
Oct
2010
Mar
2010
Oct
2011
Nov
2012
Jun
2012
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
Indirect experience Direct experience
38%
33% 34%
39%35%
20%
26%
19%15% 16%
13%11%
14%
8%11%
8%
8
WHO GOT PAID?
The trends we have been following in the last three cycles clearly single out doctors and police officers as professionals in the area where corruption is constantly present. We now see a rising trend also with regards to public administration clerks. In the last two cycles, almost half (48%) out of the total number of bribes given have connection with the health
care system and doctors!
Doctor
Policeman
Public administration C
lerk
Prosecutor
Someone else
Teacher/professor
Tax official
Custom
s
Judge
Attorney/law
yer
Com
munal services
25%19%
9%5%
12% 9%3% 3% 5% 3%
7%
47%
15% 14%5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 1% 1% 1%
48%
18% 19%
0%7%
2% 2% 3% 0% 0% 1%
2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
9
WHAT IS THE REASON FOR PAYING A BRIBE?
Almost 60% of Serbian citizens with direct or indirect experience with corruption have offered bribes THEMSELVES in order to obtain a certain service!
However, we have to note that the number of cases where citizens were directly asked for a bribe is a bit higher than six months ago (rise from 19% to 22% in the category of citizens who were directly asked for a bribe). On the other hand, in cases of indirect experrience
with corruption, the number of cases where citizens were directly asked for bribe has dropped by 3% (from 27% to 24%) in the past three months.
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2013
Dec
They were directly
asked to pay
They offered to pay in or-der to avoid
problems with relevant indi-
viduals
They offered the bribe to obtain
certain services
I was directly asked to pay
I offered to pay in order
to avoid prob-lems with rel-evant individ-
uals
I offered the bribe to ob-tain certain
services
Indirect experience Direct experience
27% 24%17% 18%
58% 56%
19% 22% 24% 22%
56% 57%
10
THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF BRIBES PAID, A COMPARATIVE REVIEW
Worrisome statistics: the amount of bribes paid in the previous three months has passed the 200 Euros threshold for the third time! The highest average amount in the previous six
cycles was 255 in October 2010. The findings from this cycle (average bribe amount of 250 Euros) show that it has become seriously close to the record amount from October 2010.
2009 Oct
2010 Mar
2010 Oct
2011 Nov
2012 Jun 2012 Dec
2013 Jun 2013 Dec
€ 0
€ 50
€ 100
€ 150
€ 200
€ 250
€ 300
€ 164 € 169
€ 255
€ 178
€ 103
€ 168
€ 205
€ 250
11
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION
In this research cycle, the number of those who claim that the level of corruption in Serbia has dropped a little has fallen by 3%; this result shows that there are still some biases among
citizens of Serbia surrounding the direction of the fight against corruption.
2011 Nov
2012 Jun
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
7%
9%
10%
10%
9%
23%
24%
8%
7%
11%
25%
24%
12%
11%
9%
35%
35%
45%
43%
46%
10%
8%
24%
27%
24%
0%
1%
2%
1%
doesn’t know/no answer
grew a lot
grew a little
remained the same
decreased a little
decreased a lot
12
FUTURE OF CORUPTION IN SERBIA IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS
Currently, only 2% of citizens expect the level of corruption to drop in the coming 12 months; this is by 3% less than six months ago. There was a symbolic drop (from 28% to 27%) of the number of citizens who claim that the level of corruption will decrease a bit in the next year.
The bulk of the citizens (43%) believe that nothing significant will change with regards to corruption in Serbia.
2011 Nov
2012 Jun
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
11%
9%
13%
15%
13%
16%
19%
4%
7%
9%
21%
21%
9%
8%
7%
38%
36%
33%
37%
43%
13%
12%
34%
28%
27%
1%
3%
7%
5%
2% doesn’t know/no answer
grew a lot
will grow a little
will remain the same
will decrease a little
will decrease a lot
13
CORRUPTION IS LURKING FROM...?
Perception of the corruption levels within the political parties in December 2013 is the highest since the beginning of this research project and stands at a total of 80%!
Parallel to the rise in corruption perception within political parties, there is a rise in the perception of corruption in almost all the institutions which the citizens perceive as the most corrupt in all research cycles (health care system, police, city administration…) in
relation to June 2013.
City/admin-istration
Customs
Police
Health care
Political parties
55%
63%
63%
74%
76%
64%
66%
64%
74%
77%
51%
52%
56%
69%
72%
51%
62%
65%
68%
72%
59%
59%
74%
71%
80%
2011 Nov
2012 Jun
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
14
HOW MUCH CORRUPTION IS THERE IN THE KEY INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM?
Judging by the trends established based on the interviewees' responses, MORE AND MORE!
At this moment the percent of citizens who believe that key institutions of the system (such as the national Government and the Parliament) are to certain extent or very corrupt is
higher by 10% in comparison to only six months ago!
The President is considered as corrupt by 6% more interviewees than in June 2013, and by 11% more than in December of 2012!
Army
President of State
Government
Parliament/leg-islation
25%
45%
67%
63%
32%
47%
69%
65%
13%
24%
47%
44%
16%
29%
47%
48%
20%
35%
57%
58%
2011 Nov
2012 Jun
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
15
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
More than two fifths of interviewees believe that corruption within the health care system is very much present, while there are 27% who say there is a lot of
corruption in the system!
very much a lot medium a little none0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
37
2925
9
1
38
26 26
8
3
41
2725
52
2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
16
ON WHAT GROUNDS DO YOU BELIEVE THAT CORRUPTION IS WIDESPREAD WITHIN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM?
The percentage of interviewees with
personal experience with
corruption within the health care
system has dropped by 7%.This can be
interpreted as there being slightly
fewer corruption cases in the past three months.
I don’t know
Personal experience, someone asked you or some of your friends/relatives for money, a gift
or a favour
Experience of friends, relatives
Information from media
I see that health workers have small salaries, but live well, which means they are probably on
the take
I don’t think corruption is widespread in the health care system
0 5 101520253035404550
7
18
41
23
5
6
7
22
42
18
8
3
10
15
45
26
4
0
2013 Dec 2013 Jun 2012 Dec
17
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION LEVEL AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN SERBIA
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
Doc
tors
7.2
5
7.7
13.1
13
12.5
5
5
5.9
27.5
27
26.3
14.6
12
11.9
20.3
23
17.2
3.7
3
2
8.9
9
5.2
24.1
27
23.2
23.3
22
23.1
7
6
8.5
8.2
5
8.5
27.3
27
25.1
21.4
20
19.4
19.4
20
15.6
17.9
21
18.3
15.1
15
16.1
12.4
12
15.7
28.6
26
21.7
19.3
18
18.4
11.7
14
16.1
9.5
10
12
36.2
40
46.3
18.3
20
23.3
Doesn’t know
Not corrupt at all
Corrupt a little
Moderately corrupt
Pretty corrupt
Very corrupt
The number of those who believe in absolute corruption among doctors has grown by 6% compared to the June 2013 research cycle!
18
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION LEVEL IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Trends regarding corruption levels in specific medical institutions, already established in previous two cycles, still stand. The corruption level is highest in
clinical-hospital centres, clinical centres and general hospitals; a generally lower level of corruption is associated with rehabilitation centres and health
care centres.
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 DecG
ener
al h
ospi
tal
Clin
ical
cen
tre
6.4611.210.48
10.515.21623.2
14.91623.222.9
2529.3
15.116
125
64.7
4.43
3.55.23
3.577
7.7
31.52827
15.117159.29
88.59
6.712.9
139.3
25.825
16.72626
23.820.3
2318
21.92016.5
25.624
19.8
13.213
18.225.1
2419.7
26.32222
26.326
22.418.818
16
812
14.918.418
26.324.6272623.126
27.712.713
17.8
Doesn’t know/NA
Doesn’t exist at all
To a small extent
To a medium extent
To a large extent
To a very large exten
19
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON CORRUPTION
The smaller number of corruption cases in the previous three months has led to citizens claiming that they are informed about corruption through the media mainly, and less
through their own or experiences of people close to them.
Media Rumors Friends, relatives Personal expe-rience
Other sources
66%
34% 35%
13%
2%
60%
38%31%
13%
1%
74%
31% 34%
10%
0%
2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
20
IF SOMEONE DIRECTLY REQUESTS A BRIBE FROM YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
The number of interviewees ready to pay bribes has fallen to the level of March 2010. Back then, one in five were ready as
well to pay for a solution of a problem
or successful accomplishment of
certain task, bypassing the legal
procedures.
There is continued stagnation in the
category of interviewees who
would report the case of bribe solicitation
to the law enforcement bodies;
there is also a drop in the category of
interviewees who would report a case of
corruption to the relevant
administration.
I’d report it to the media
Wouldn’t do a thing, would wait for situation to change
I’d report it to the adminis-tration
I’d pay if I had the money
I’d report the case to bodies that implement the law
I’d look for someone to help me, without paying the bribe
I’d not pay
8%
10%
10%
15%
13%
29%
33%
7%
11%
11%
17%
11%
26%
33%
4%
9%
14%
18%
24%
34%
40%
7%
14%
14%
17%
18%
32%
46%
6%
15%
9%
20%
19%
28%
40%
2013 Dec
2013 Jun
2012 Dec
2012 Jun
2011 Nov
21
STAKEHOLDERS IN THE ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS
Since the very beginning, the
Government was recognised as the body
the citizens expect a lot in the process; in the last two cycles it has taken over the leading role in the
battle against corruption from the
police; Compared to the June
research cycle, there is a rise from 39% to
41% of interviewees who believe that the
police is the most adequate body to fight
corruption in the country.
As much as 40% of interviewees are of the
opinion that the judiciary should lead
the battle against corruption; this is the
best score by the judiciary in the
research project so far!
Commissioner for information of public importance and personal
data protection
NGOs
State audit institution
Parliament
President
Ombudsman
Special elite forces
Citizens (associations of citizens)
Anti-Corruption Agency
Judiciary
Police
Government
1%
1%
3%
3%
4%
2%
7%
11%
13%
24%
47%
46%
1%
1%
5%
6%
9%
2%
5%
18%
26%
37%
49%
41%
1%
2%
3%
3%
5%
10%
3%
19%
35%
27%
39%
43%
1%
1%
3%
5%
5%
5%
7%
16%
29%
40%
41%
46%
2013 Dec
2013 Jun
2012 Dec
2012 Jun
22
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY FOR FIGHTING CORRUPTION?
Corruption and crime should be severely sanctioned, and 82% of interviewees stand for this!
They expect a lot from the improvement of legal measures, but also from the strengthening of corruption awareness among the citizens of Serbia. Both forms of battle against corruption are
supported by 67% of Serbian citizens each.
Raised salaries for public administration employees
Transparency in administrative decision making
Enforced control of civil sector (NGOs) over public administration
Raising the level of awareness of corruption
Strengthening of state control over public administration
Improved legislation (new anti-corruption law, international conventions)
Harsh legal sanctions
30%
38%
41%
46%
48%
49%
66%
21%
40%
43%
47%
47%
44%
71%
33%
45%
51%
60%
61%
69%
79%
24%
39%
47%
53%
62%
64%
81%
26%
43%
54%
67%
64%
67%
82%
2013 Dec
2013 Jun
2012 Dec
2012 Jun
2011 Nov
23
EFFICIENCY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION
The percentage of those who believe there is certain efficiency in the Government's efforts to fight corruption in the country remains the same as in the previous cycle (64%). We can
see a stagnation in regard to the Government's work related to the battle against corruption as there is a smaller percentage of interviewees who evaluate its efforts as very efficient;
there is a bigger number of those who say that it is less efficient.
Doesn’t know/NA Very efficient Little efficient Mostly inefficient Not efficient at all
8%
2%
32%
23%
35%
11% 9%
49%
22%
9%9% 11%
53%
21%
6%7% 7%
57%
20%
8%
2012 Jun 2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
PERCEPTION OF THE WORK OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY
25
RECOGNISABILITY OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY
Recognisability of the Anti-Corruption Agency in the last three cycles remains the same, at a very high level - 77%.
2010 Mar 2010 Oct 2011 Nov 2012 Jun 2012 Dec 2013 Jun 2013 Dec
60%65% 63%
75% 77% 77% 77%
26
AGENCY’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE BATTLE AGAINST CORRUPTION
Calmer and less fervently covered work of the Agency by the media, in the period after the monitoring of electoral campaign financing - caused a decreased perception of this
institution's activities in the eyes of average citizens. This has led to a smaller number of citizens who believe that the Agency provides adequate support to the battle against
corruption at this moment.
2010 Mar
2010 Oct
2011 Nov
2012 Jun
2012 Dec
2013 Jun
2013 Dec
20%
14%
13%
20%
10%
12%
16%
29%
32%
36%
38%
35%
31%
35%
15%
24%
22%
19%
24%
24%
17%
2%
3%
2%
3%
5%
5%
4%
33%
28%
27%
20%
26%
28%
29%
Doesn’t know/NA
Significant
Partial
A little
None
THANK YOU