Attention Deficit Reporting

8/4/2019 Attention Deficit Reporting

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Is characterized by

persistent inattention or by

hyperactivity / impulsivityfor at least 6 months

affecting about 3 to 5

percent of children globallyand diagnosed in about 2 to

16 percent of school aged

children.


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ADHD is diagnosed two to fourtimes more frequently in boys

than in girls

It is primarily characterized by"the co-existence of attentional

problems and hyperactivity, with

each behavior occurringinfrequently alone" and

symptoms starting before seven

years of age.

continuation..


4/23

ADHD has three subtypes:

Predominantly hyperactive-

impulsive Most symptoms (six or more) are in the

hyperactivity-impulsivity categories.

Fewer than six symptoms of inattention

are present, although inattention may

still be present to some degree


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Continuation.

Predominantly inattentive

The majority of symptoms (six or more)

are in the inattention category and

fewer than six symptoms of

hyperactivity-impulsivity are present,although hyperactivity-impulsivity may

still be present to some degree.


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Children with this subtype are less

likely to act out or have difficultiesgetting along with other children. They

may sit quietly, but they are not paying

attention to what they are doing.Therefore, the child may be

overlooked, and parents and teachers

may not notice symptoms of ADHD.

Continuation.


7/23

Combined hyperactive-

impulsive and inattentive Six or more symptoms of inattention

and six or more symptoms of

hyperactivity-impulsivity are present.

Most children with ADHD have the

combined type.


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ADHD possible causes:

Genetics

Biochemical (possible neurochemical deficits

[dopamine norepinephrine])

Intrauterine exposure to substances such as

alcohol or smoking;

exposure to lead

Dyes

additives in food

Stressful home environments


9/23

Inattention includes: Carelessness and inattention to detail

Cannot sustain attention and does not appear

to be listening

Does not follow through on instructions and

unable to finish task, chores, homework

Difficulty with organization and dislikes

activities that require concentration andsustained effort

Loses things; distracted by extraneous stimuli

Forgetful


10/23

Hyper activity impulsivity includes:

Hyperactivity

Fidgeting, moving feet, squirming Leaves seat before excused

Runs about/ climbs excessively

Difficulty playing quietly on the go and driven by motor

Excessive talking

Impulsivity

Blurts out answers without thinking

Problems waiting for his turn

Interrupts or intrudes


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MethylphenidateBrand Names: Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta

Type: Stimulant

How it works: Increases the release of dopamineand norepinephrine

Side Effects: fast, pounding, or uneven

heartbeats; feeling like passing out, fever,aggression, restlessness, hallucinations,unusual behavior, motor tics, easy bruising,dangerously high blood pressure


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DextroamphetamineBrand Names: DexedrineType: StimulantHow it works:is to stimulate the release of several biogenicamines from storage sites in the nerve terminal.Each molecule of amphetamine that is taken up bythe nerve terminal displaces one molecule ofneurotransmitter. At typical doses, amphetamines

stimulate the release of norepinephrine.Increases brain activity and the ability to focusSide Effects: fast or pounding heartbeats; fainting;dangerously high blood pressure tremor,restlessness, hallucinations, unusual behavior, ormotor tics


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AmphetamineBrand Names: AdderallType: StimulantHow it works: works by blocking the reuptake of

dopamine and norepinephrine into the presynapticneuron and increasing their release from thepresynaptic neuron into the extraneuronal space. Inother words, Adderall "reverses" the reuptakemechanism, turning it into a pump instead of a

vacuum.Side Effects: fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeats,fainting, increased blood pressure, tremor,restlessness, hallucinations, unusual behavior, ormotor tics


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AtomoxetineBrand Names: Strattera

Type: Anti depressant

How it works: to inhibit the reuptake of theneurotransmitter norepinephrine. Consequently,it is called a selective norepinephrine reuptakeinhibitor

Side Effects: include upset stomach,decreased appetite, nausea or vomiting,dizziness, tiredness, and mood swings.


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individual/family theraphy

Behavior modification

Support desired behaviors and immediatelyrespond to undesired behaviors with

consequences

Roleplaying: helpful in teaching friend friend

interactions; helps child prepare for

interactions and understand how intrusive

behavior annoy and drive friends away


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Continuation.

Seek out special education Classroom: seat near teacher, one assignment

at a time, untimed test, tutoring


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Short-term or Long-term Counseling

(CHADD, 2010, Treatment, para. 17


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Parent Training

(CHADD, 2010, Treatment, 18


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Special Education/Occupation Therapy

(CHADD, 2010, Treatment, para. 3) 19


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Risk for injury

Impaired social interaction

Ineffective role performance

Compromised family coping


21/23

Set realistic expectations and limitsbecause the patient with attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder is easily frustrated

Always remain calm and consistent withthe child.

Keep all your instructions to the child

short and simple. Provide praise and rewards whenever

possible.


22/23

Continuation.

Provide the patient with diversional activities

suited to his short attention span.

Help the parents and other family members

develop planning and organizing systems to

help them cope more effectively with the

child's short attention span.


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Documents

Attention Deficit Reporting