Upload
john-pecson
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
1/26
POLITICS and GOVERNANCE
with CONSTITUTION
(Lecture 1)
Prepared by: Raizza Corpuz
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
2/26
OBJECTIVES
To understand the basic concept of political
science
To develop a critical way of thinking in
interpreting Politics and Government.
To evaluate how they know and understand
the topic
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
3/26
LAW, JUSTICE and RIGHTS
Human Rights
Social Justice
The Rule of Law
Ethics of Law
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
4/26
Legal System
According to Raymond Wacks ( 2008), legal
system lies in the heart of any society protecting
RIGHTS, imposing DUTIES and establishing a
framework for the conduct of almost every
social, political, and economic activity.
It endeavors to achieve JUSTICE, promote
freedom and uphold the rule of law and protect
security.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
5/26
POLITICAL SCIENCE(De Leon, 1999)
Systematic study of state and government
POLITICAL-derived from the Greek wordPOLIS meaning a city or the sovereign state
SCIENCE- comes from the Latin SCIRE-meansto know
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
6/26
SCIENCE of POLITICS
1. It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the
state and the principles and ideals which underlie
its organization and activities.
2. It is primarily concerned with the association ofhuman beings into body politic or in a political
community.
3. It deals with those relations among men and groups
which are subject to control by the state with the
relations of men and groups to the state itself and
the relations of the state to other state.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
7/26
PEOPLE
POLITICS
GOVERNANCE
CONSTITUTION
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
8/26
INTERPRETATION of the DIAGRAM
PEOPLE as the FOCAL of all areas of POLITICS,GOVERNMENT and CONSTITUTION because it
is the human individual who is the revolving
actor of the state, it is to people why there is
an existent laws.
The right is vested to and it simply denotesthat the he/she is the main actor and the
recipient of the basic REASON why law exists.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
9/26
SCOPE of POLITICAL SCIENCE
1. Political Theory- the entire body of thedoctrines relating to the form, behaviorand
purposes of the state are dealt with in this
study
2. Public Law- the
a. Organization of governments
b. Limitations upon government authorityc. Powers and Duty of government offices and
officers
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
10/26
Stages in the Study of Political Science
Religious Stagethe government, itsleadersand laws was considered as divine or divinely
inspired.
Metaphysical Stage the state wasconsidered as a human institution and it is
therefore absolute (cannot be changed).
Modern Stage the state was deemedcapable of being improved by rulers and
subjects according to certain principles and
laws.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
11/26
DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
Aristotle wrote Politics, the first systematic work on
political affairs.
Father of Political Science
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote The Prince, a handbook for rulers in
the art of government.
Father of Modern Political Science Prof. Francis Lieber
wrote Manual of Political Ethics; the first
systematic treatise in political science
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
12/26
Theories of State Origin
Divine Theory the state is of divine origin, allpolitical authority emanates from God.
Social Contract Theory - this theory states that
men agreed among themselves to live under onecivil society or body politic. A person surrenderedhis natural liberty but gained in return theprotection and civil rights guaranteed by thegovernments.
Force Theorythe state has arisen through sheerforce; a tribe conquering other tribes to form akingdom.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
13/26
What is a state?
A group of persons,more or less numerous,
permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory, independent of external control,
and possessing a government to which a
great body of inhabitants render habitual
obedience.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
14/26
Elements of a State
People
Territory Government
Sovereignty
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
15/26
What is the difference between
Nation and State?
State is a legal or juristic concept, while
Nationis an ethnic or racial concept.
Nasci = to be born indicates a relation ofbirth or origin and implies a common race.
Thus, a nation may comprise several statesExample: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon, Jordan,
etc. belong to Arab nation.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
16/26
What is the difference between
Nation and State?
It is also possible for a single state to be
made up of more than one nation, e.g. US
which was the melting pot of many
nations that were eventually combined
into the Americannation
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
17/26
A. People
Different meanings as used in the 1987Constitution:
Inhabitants (sec. 2, Art III; sec. 1, Art. XIII); Citizens (sec. 1 & 4, Art II; sec 7, art. III);
Electors (sec. 4, Art. VII)
As a requisite for Statehood, there
should be an adequate number for self-sufficiency and defense; of both sexes forperpetuity.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
18/26
What is the Difference between Citizenship
and Nationality?
Cit izenship
Legal or juristic
Can be
changed ortaken-back
National i ty Ethnic or racial
Absolute,
Innate
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
19/26
B. Territory
The National Territory
Sec. 1, Art. I: The national territory comprises the
Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and
waters embraced therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of itsterrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including
its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the
insular shelves, and other submarine areas.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
20/26
Components of Philippine Territory :
1. Terrestrial = land
2. Fluvial = internal waters
3. Aerial domains = aerospace
4. Marine = external waters bothsurface and sub-aquatic
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
21/26
C. Government
The agency or instrumentality through
which the will of the State is formulated,
expressed and realized.
Our Constitution, however, requires our
government to be democratic andrepublican.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
22/26
C. Government
Section 1, Art II.The Philippines is a democraticand
republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates
from them.
REPUBLICAN
It is one wherein all government authorityemanates from the people and is exercised by
representatives chosen by the people.
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
23/26
C. Government
DEMOCRATICThis emphasizes that the Philippines has some
aspects of direct democracy such as initiative and
referendum.
Initiative -- Initiative" is the power of the
people to propose amendments to the
Constitution or to propose and enact
legislations through an election called for thepurpose.
Referendum-- is the power of the electorate
to approve or reject a legislation through an
election called for the purpose
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
24/26
D. Sovereignty
The supreme and uncontrollable power
innate in a State by which that State is
governed.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from
them. (Sec. 1 Art.II)
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
25/26
Duties of the State
Peace and Order
Political Harmony (GoodLaws)
Social Justice Economic Development
8/12/2019 Attendance System 1
26/26
REFERENCES
Political Law, Isagani Cruz
Philippine Constitution De Leon, 1997Chan Robles Virtual Law Library
Law Phil Project
Great Political Theories