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Attaining California ZNE goals with integrated communities
Ram Narayanamurthy
Principal Technical Leader Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
2 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Research Imperatives
• CA goal: All new residential to be ZNE TDV by 2020 – What happens with large communities (5000+) with
PV and low energy use clustered on single feeders • Impact of TDV on PV size PV sizing
• How to communicate to buyers Builder Marketing
• Greater impact of behavioral loads Influence of plug loads
• Impact of +/- variability on feeders Impact on distribution feeders
• EMS technologies for balancing Enabling technologies for grid management
• Optimal integration (res. vs. comm.) Storage and Demand Response for distribution
4 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example of Technology Demonstration Energy Storage Application for an Integrated Grid
Peak Shaving
Load Shifting
Voltage Control
PV Smoothing
5 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example of Technology Demonstration Using DER for load shaping
– Conduct detailed distribution level analysis for high penetration ZNE
– Evaluate and demonstrate optimal location of Energy Storage in ZNE communities
– Develop integrated modeling approach to integrate building and distribution models
Funded by CPUC and SCE
Evaluate widespread development of ZNE community using grid integration strategies
– Demonstrate new technologies and strategies that enable cost effective ZNE homes and resulting high PV adoption
6 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Grid Modernization
System Operator Solutions Interactive Solutions DER-Owner
Solutions
Network Reinforcement Price-Based Demand Response
Distributed Storage (customer system)
Centralized Voltage Control Direct Load Control Self-Consumption
Static VAR Compensators On-Demand Reactive Power Power Factor Control
Distributed Storage (distribution system) On-Demand Curtailment Direct Voltage Control
Network Reconfiguration Wide-Area Voltage Control Frequency-based Curtailment
The coordinated assessment of technology combination across different types of distribution system feeders is needed
7 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rob Hammon, Ph.D.
Primary partners
California Solar Initiative (CSI) Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Program (RD&D)
Ram Narayanamurthy Arindam Maitra
Ben Kaun
Ishtiaq Chisti Jerine Ahmed
Will Vicent C.R.Herro
9 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Construct and market 50 ZNE homes
• Evaluate ZNE packages based on Zero Time Dependent Value (TDV) of energy
• Builder partner, Meritage Homes (US’s 8th largest builder) will develop a full subdivision using final, consensus package
• Monitor individual homes and the entire subdivision
10 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
ZNE Home Performance Evaluation & Monitoring
• Lack of component level data at individual homes with finer resolution • No defined load shape and highly variable gross and net loads
Utilize HEMS tools, California Building Energy Complaince Code (CBECC), NREL building energy
optimization tools, and Homer
11 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EMS Command and Control • Evaluate and Demonstrate EMS Load
Balancing Capabilities: – Monitor and control loads, PV and
storage – Consumer preference – Communicate with community storage
• Evaluate and Demonstrate EMS Control and Integration of DR: – Develop operating strategies;
communicate to end-loads – Operational flexibility - Major end-loads capable (or
simulated to) respond to control signals - Occupant & System Priorities
Default behavioral setting for load management
Consumers set temperature limits –use for DR strategy
12 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2. Distributed Energy Storage System – Application and Evaluation
13 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Compare storage location for system benefits
• Evaluate impact and cost effectiveness of storage located at residential level vs. neighborhood level
• Using Energy Storage Valuation Tool (ESVT), model services provided by both approaches and their benefit
14 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluate Grid Impacts St
orag
e L
ocat
ion
scen
ario
s
Stor
age
Size
cas
e
Peak
(kW
)
Tim
e ab
ove
Peak
Sha
ving
(min
)
MW
h su
pplie
d ab
ove
peak
sh
avin
g
Feed
er L
oses
(MW
)
Feed
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
(MW
h)
M
ax V
olta
ge (p
u)
Tim
e ab
ove A
NSI
(sec
)
Min
Vol
tage
(pu)
Tim
e be
low
AN
SI (s
ec)
Tap
Ope
ratio
ns
Cap
acito
r op
erat
ions
Max
imum
PC
C v
olta
ge
Min
imum
PC
C v
olta
ge
Mea
n PC
C v
olta
ge
Vari
abili
ty in
dex
at P
CC
No Storage
#1 #1
#2 #1
#3 #1
#4 #1
#5 #1
#6 #1
15 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
3. Modeling approach and distribution impact analysis
16 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Field data collection from ZNE community and feeder analysis
• A common situation with ZNE communities is a cluster of communities at ends of feeder lines (where there is open space)
• Create community level load shape models
• Impact/Value Studies of ZNE communities
• Use ZNE community data to evaluate impact with various feeder configurations
• Use feeder modeling results to guide utility guidelines for end use loads in ZNE buildings
17 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Feeder Impact Analysis: Scenario Development, Analysis, Model Validation with Montioring Data
• 1000’s of feeders
• Clustering of feeder data characteristics
• Select smaller subset of feeders for detailed feeder analysis
Utilize OpenDSS for feeder analysis
18 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Develop Utility Guidelines for ZNE Communities
• Clearly-defined technical requirements for integration of different DER components for wide scale adoption of ZNE communities
• Develop ZNE community guidebook and integration practices - Use monitoring data from the field trials to
evaluate & validate models - Use feeder modeling results to guide ZNE
deployment and integration within distribution
• Align project results with existing utility ZNE roadmaps
Instant variability
Voltage control at distribution