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Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions
• Atom
• basic building block of all matter
• Element
•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.
•Molecule has two different atoms.
• Compound
• substance that consists of more than one type of
element.
• Ion
• substance that has a positive or negative charge
Atoms have:
• A nucleus• small, heavy part of the atom
•An electron cloud• large, lightweight part of the atom
Nucleus Electron Cloud
Nucleus of an AtomNucleus of an Atom
• Nucleus contains:
N
• Protons
• Have a positive charge• All atoms are distinguished by the number of protons it has (atomic number)
• Neutrons
• Have no charge• Have same mass as protons
N
N
e-
e-
Electron Cloud of an AtomElectron Cloud of an Atom
An electron cloud contains:
• Electrons
• determine bonding properties of substance
• have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons
• orbit the nucleus of the atom
• are contained within shells of the electron cloud
• have a negative charge
Atom Structure
+1
-1
Electron
Proton
Neutron
+1
-1
ElementsElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
Examples include:
Oxygen – 8 protons per atomOxygen – 8 protons per atom
Copper – 29 protons per atomCopper – 29 protons per atom
Gold – 79 protons per atomGold – 79 protons per atom
Carbon – 6 protons per atomCarbon – 6 protons per atom
Hydrogen – 1 proton per atomHydrogen – 1 proton per atom
Compounds contain more than one type of atom!Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):
Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):
Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)
Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)
+ -
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!
A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons.
An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.
• He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.
•CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than protons
Examples of ions:
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs One
NUN (does not date)
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs ONE
NUN (does not date)
This is an Electron No Weight Negative charge BOY
Element Guide
Element Guide
2
Element Guide
2
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
He
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
He
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.