Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

I.I. Structure of matterStructure of matter

A. What is Matter?A. What is Matter?– Matter is anything that has mass and Matter is anything that has mass and

takes up space (Volume)takes up space (Volume)

B. What isn’t Matter?B. What isn’t Matter?– Light and Heat do not take up space nor Light and Heat do not take up space nor

do they have a massdo they have a mass..

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

C. What makes up matter?C. What makes up matter?– Early Ideas:Early Ideas:

» ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

▫▫ Believed the universe to be made of Believed the universe to be made of ___________ and _______ ___________ and _______ were so were so small they could not be broken down small they could not be broken down any moreany more

▫▫ He Called the tiny He Called the tiny pieces _______pieces _______▫▫ __________ in Greek means: in Greek means:

“________________”“________________”

““Atoms”Atoms”

Cannot be dividedCannot be divided

empty spaceempty space tiny bitstiny bits

AtomAtom

Democritus (460 B.C – 370 B.C.) Democritus (460 B.C – 370 B.C.) A Greek PhilosopherA Greek Philosopher

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

C. What makes up matter?C. What makes up matter?– ______________________________________________

» A French Chemist (1743-1794)A French Chemist (1743-1794)» Known as ___________________________Known as ___________________________» Showed through experiments, that matter has Showed through experiments, that matter has

the same ___________and _____ a change of the same ___________and _____ a change of state or form (ex.___________)state or form (ex.___________)

» From his experiments came From his experiments came ________________________________________________________

▫ ▫ Matter is neither Matter is neither ____________________________________

▫▫ __________________ __________________ from one form to from one form to anotheranother

The father of Modern ChemistryThe father of Modern Chemistry

AntoineAntoine LavoisierLavoisier (la VWAH see ay)(la VWAH see ay)

The law of conservation of matterThe law of conservation of matter

created or destroyedcreated or destroyed

mass beforemass before afterafterfire and rustfire and rust

Matter only changesMatter only changes

Very Important!

You will see this on CRT’s so

HIGHLIGHT

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

D. Models of the AtomD. Models of the Atom– ______________________________

» An English Schoolteacher and chemist____________An English Schoolteacher and chemist____________» Proposed the first ______________ theoryProposed the first ______________ theory» The _______________________ contained five partsThe _______________________ contained five parts

1. 1. All matter is All matter is ____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. All ______ of a given ________ are __________2. All ______ of a given ________ are __________

3. Atoms cannot be _____________________________3. Atoms cannot be _____________________________

4. 4. In chemical reactions, In chemical reactions, _________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

5. In chemical reactions, atoms combine with each other 5. In chemical reactions, atoms combine with each other in in

___________________________to form combined ___________________________to form combined atomsatoms

John DaltonJohn Dalton1766–18441766–1844

modern atomicmodern atomicAtomic Theory of MatterAtomic Theory of Matter

Composed of very small particles Composed of very small particles called atomscalled atoms

AtomsAtoms ElementElement IdenticalIdentical

created, destroyed, or subdividedcreated, destroyed, or subdivided

atoms combine with or atoms combine with or separate from other atomsseparate from other atoms

simple, whole-number ratiossimple, whole-number ratios

D. Models of the AtomD. Models of the Atom

– ______________________________» __________________________________________________________» Conducted experiments using a _________________Conducted experiments using a _________________

» From his experiments he discovered _______ contained From his experiments he discovered _______ contained ____________________________________________________

▫▫ The negative charged particle is The negative charged particle is called an ________called an ________

◦ ◦ An _________ is ______ the An _________ is ______ the mass of the _______ mass of the _______ atom, the _________ atom. atom, the _________ atom.

◦ ◦ Thomson’s model of the atom Thomson’s model of the atom had electrons spread had electrons spread throughout a throughout a ____________________. Like ____________________. Like _____________________________._____________________________.

J. J. ThomsonJ. J. Thomson

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

British Scientist 1856 – 1940British Scientist 1856 – 1940

Cathode Ray TubeCathode Ray Tube

AtomsAtomsNegatively Charged ParticlesNegatively Charged Particles

ElectronElectron

ElectronElectron 1/1,8371/1,837 SmallestSmallestHydrogenHydrogen

ball of positive ball of positive chargechargeChocolate chips in cookie doughChocolate chips in cookie dough

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

D. Models of the AtomD. Models of the Atom– ______________________________

» An _______________________1871 – 1937An _______________________1871 – 1937» Known as the ______________________Known as the ______________________» Was a student of _____________Was a student of _____________» From experiments with X-Rays, he discovered From experiments with X-Rays, he discovered

the atom contained_______________________. the atom contained_______________________. These were called ________ These were called ________

» He also concluded the _____________ was He also concluded the _____________ was found in the _________________. The center found in the _________________. The center was called ____________was called ____________The NucleusThe Nucleus

Ernest RutherfordErnest RutherfordNew Zealander PhysicistNew Zealander Physicist

Father of Nuclear PhysicsFather of Nuclear Physics

J. J. ThomsonJ. J. Thomson

Positive charged particlesPositive charged particlesProtonsProtons

positive chargepositive chargecenter of the atomcenter of the atom

Atoms, Elements, and The Atoms, Elements, and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

D. Models of the AtomD. Models of the Atom– __________________

» A _______________ 1885 – 1962A _______________ 1885 – 1962» Arranged __________ in atoms according to Arranged __________ in atoms according to

________________________

▫ ▫ _________________ is _________________ is closest to the nucleus closest to the nucleus and contains only and contains only ____________________

▫▫ __________________ are __________________ are further from the further from the nucleus and contain nucleus and contain __________________________

▫▫ Many scientist thought the Many scientist thought the electrons traveled around electrons traveled around the nucleus in orbits like the nucleus in orbits like planets around the sun. Later planets around the sun. Later this was shown to be this was shown to be incorrectincorrect

Niels BohrNiels BohrDanish PhysicistDanish Physicist

electronselectronsEnergy levelsEnergy levels

Lowest energy levelLowest energy level2 electrons2 electrons

Higher energy levelsHigher energy levelsmore electronsmore electrons