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Mendeleev
Arranged known elements (63) into table by their propertiesPredicted discovery of new elements3 were discovered in his lifetime!
Atomic strucutre
Nucleus contains protons and neutronsElectrons at discrete orbits (clouds) called shells
Atomic Structure…Isotopes
The NucleusNeutronsProtonsElectrons…shells
IsotopesUsually
radioactive“Extra” neutrons
Isotopes & “clocks”
½ life decay can be used as a”tick”Example: Carbon-14Useful in medical:Iodine-131, Oxygen-18
Molecules & Compounds
Molecules Elements compounds
Octet rule? Outer shell e-’sChemical bonds Ionic Covalent Hydrogen
Ionic Bonding
Electrons transferredResult=charged +/-Opposites…?Form polar molecules that often dissolve in water
quiz
Construct a calcium atom…include protons/neutrons and electrons…how many outer shell electrons are there?What happens to outer shell electrons in ionic/covalent bonds?Why are hydrogen bonds important to organic molecules?
Dissolving??
Atoms/molecules isolated and surrounded by hydration “shells”Why important?Solution=solute in solvent
Acids, Bases & Buffers
pH scale…0-7-14Why important?Role of buffers
Why is most of life adapted to acid conditions???
Quiz
Why is water important to life?Why is dissolving important?Why are buffers important to living things?Do you think life could exist without water? Why??
Carbon-based life forms
Why carbon??Some notation…Building organic compounds… Transfer e- transfer Isomerism Condensation… Cleavage…
Lipids
Nonpolar…soooo?Fats & fatty acids Structure Saturated Unsaturated (&
poly)
WaxesPhospholipidsSteroids
Protein
Functions…Amino acids…20?Levels of structure Primary… Secondary… Tertiary… Quaternary…
Denaturation…!!
DNA/nucleic acids
Largest moleculesSimple compositionSome metabolic functionsHereditary informationBrave New World!!