Atoms and other Building Atoms and other Building Blocks of MatterBlocks of Matter

by Dr H - W Winterby Dr H - W Winter

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Atomic TheoryAtomic Theory

Atoms are so small that we cannot see them, even with the best microscopes in the world.

An atom is an incredibly small

building block of matter.

AtomsAtoms

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Table of Sub-Atomic ParticlesTable of Sub-Atomic Particles

Name

Mass (mass units)

Charge on

ParticleWhere found Symbol

Proton 1 + Nucleus p+

Electron 1/2000 -Electron

shellse-

Neutron 1 0 Nucleus no

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AtomsAtoms

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CarbonCarbon

6 protonsand 6 neutrons

2 in the 1st shell

4 in the 2nd shell

6 electrons are found in the electron shells:

Most of the atom is empty space

The nucleus is the heaviest part of the atom.

make up the nucleus

AtomsAtoms

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Types of ParticlesTypes of ParticlesIonsIons are atoms (or a group of atoms) that have gained or lost electrons and become a charged particles.

Na+ Sodium ion

SO42- Sulfate ion

OH- Hydroxide ion

Cl- Chloride ion

AtomsAtoms

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Types of MatterTypes of Matter

21% O2

Salt Water:

- +

MixtureMixtures contain several different particles blended together.

Air:

0.04% CO2

1% Ar

78% N2

Na+ (sodium ions)

H2OCl- (chloride ions)

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