Atoms and MoleculesAtoms and Molecules

The power of tiny thingsThe power of tiny things

Structure of an AtomStructure of an Atom

Three Kinds of Particles:Three Kinds of Particles:

Protons (+) Inside nucleusProtons (+) Inside nucleus

Neutrons Inside nucleusNeutrons Inside nucleus

Electrons (-) Moving rapidly around the nucleusElectrons (-) Moving rapidly around the nucleus

The Role of ElectronsThe Role of Electrons

Moving so quickly that it is impossible to pinpoint an Moving so quickly that it is impossible to pinpoint an electrons location at any given time.electrons location at any given time.

Think of the blades of a fan.Think of the blades of a fan.

Electrons move around the nucleus much Electrons move around the nucleus much like the fan blades, but in 3 dimensions. like the fan blades, but in 3 dimensions.

Just how small is an atom?Just how small is an atom?

A penny contains about A penny contains about 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms.20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms.

When an atom gains or loses electrons, it is called When an atom gains or loses electrons, it is called an an ionion. Ions can form when two atoms chemically . Ions can form when two atoms chemically bond to form a new substance.bond to form a new substance.

NaNa++ (sodium) + Cl (sodium) + Cl- - (chlorine) = NaCl (salt)(chlorine) = NaCl (salt)

Just the facts:Just the facts:

IsotopesIsotopes

Isotopes (atoms with different numbers of Isotopes (atoms with different numbers of protons and neutrons) can become unstable protons and neutrons) can become unstable and are called and are called radioactiveradioactive. They can be used . They can be used to identify certain chemical reactions, or for to identify certain chemical reactions, or for nuclear development.nuclear development.

More facts:More facts:

Gravitational forceGravitational force

Electromagnetic forceElectromagnetic force

Atomic Forces:Atomic Forces:

Strong force (in the nucleus)Strong force (in the nucleus)

Hold the Hold the nucleus togethernucleus together

Weak force (in neutrons) Weak force (in neutrons) A neutron can A neutron can change into change into a proton or a proton or electron electron

Atomic Forces:Atomic Forces:

little particles, BIG SPACES.little particles, BIG SPACES.

Most of an atoms mass comes from the Most of an atoms mass comes from the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

An atom’s An atom’s volume volume is mostly due to the is mostly due to the electron cloud around it.electron cloud around it.

Did you know? Did you know?

A human hair is about one MILLION atoms thick!!!!A human hair is about one MILLION atoms thick!!!!

Molecules are two or more Molecules are two or more atoms joined together in a atoms joined together in a set ratio.set ratio.

The atoms are joined by The atoms are joined by the outer ring of electrons, the outer ring of electrons, called the called the valence valence electronselectrons..

MoleculesMolecules

Putting it all in perspectivePutting it all in perspective

http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/listofparticles.html

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0501/es0501page06.cfm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUeFzvHz8Bw