Atoms and ElementsMolecules and Compounds

A Review For UPages 800 – 803 and beyond…

What is every object in the universe is made of ?________Define matter. _________________________________________________________________________________What is all matter made of? ________________________Define element. _______________________________________________________________________________

Elements are made of only one kind of atom. What is an atom? ______________________________________________________________________________________What are atoms made up of? ______________________ What are the three major types of subatomic particles? ______________________________________________

What is the charge on each of the following?Proton - _________________ and has a mass value of 1Neutron - _________________ and has a mass value of 1Electron - ________________ and has a mass value of 0

In what part of the atom are protons and neutrons found densely packed? ______________________________________________

Where are electrons found? _________________________________________

Periodic Table of ElementsEach element is made up of same atoms

1

H

Hydrogen

1.0079

Atomic Number = _________________________ (# P = # of electrons)

_________________ – 1st letter always CAPITAL 2nd letter always lower casedName

____________________ = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons

Number of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number

Number of electrons must equal the number protons or the atom will be charged (+ or -) = Ion

An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a negative charge. Like the electron. It is called an Anion “An-Eye-On”An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a positive charge. Like the proton. It is call a Cation “Cat-Eye-On”

Meet Anion

Extra Electron = negative charge

Meet Cation

Extra Proton = positive charge

“Happy Atoms”Aka Bohr’s Model

Atomic shells like to be filled. As you just learned some atoms have too many electrons. What do atoms do when too many electrons are available?____________________________________________________________________________________

Bohr’s Model ctd.Each valence (orbit or shell) has a specific number of electrons it can holdThe first shell can hold ______________________The second shell can hold ______________________The third shell can hold ______________________The fourth shell can hold 18 electrons

What is a compound? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A compound is a NEW substance with properties that are different from what it is composed of. What is a molecule? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ozone O3

Think back what were the states of matter you were taught? _______________________________________

Plasma – we will not concentrate on this one NOT ON TEST!

The fourth state of matter, the others being solid, liquid and gas. Plasma consists of Matter heated to sufficiently high temperatures that some or all of the electrons escape from the atom. The atoms become ions. Most of the matter in the universe, some estimates give 99%, and virtually all of the matter in the Sun is in the plasma state. In our everyday lives we very rarely come across plasma. Plasma is created as a lightening bolt flashes through the atmosphere and there is a plasma inside a fluorescent light or neon sign, but otherwise it seems we live mostly surrounded by some of the 1% of the universe which is not plasma!

• SOLIDS – molecules are barely moving; (ice cube)

Little energy Definite volumeDefinite Shape

• LIQUIDS - molecules moving fairly freely (water)

More energyDefinite volumeNo definite shape

• GASES – molecules are moving rapidly (steam)

Lots of energyNo definite volumeNo definite shape

Name some ways that can I tell that a chemical reaction has taken place. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A BIG CLUE – Chemical changes are NOT easily reversed

Name some ways that can I tell that a physical change has taken place. ________________________________

Changing States Of Matter