Atomic Structure and

BondingBonding

Specific Learning Outcomes

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Covalent and ionic bonding

COVALENT BOND Definition: A covalent bond is a chemical link between two

atoms in which electrons are shared between them. Examples: There is a covalent bond between the oxygen

and each hydrogen in a water molecule (H2O). Each of the covalent bonds contains two electrons - one from a hydrogen atom and one from the oxygen atom. Both atoms share the electrons.

Covalent and ionic bonding

IONIC BOND Definition: A chemical link between two atoms caused by

the electrostatic force between oppositely-charged ions in an ionic compound.

Examples: There is an ionic bond between the sodium and chloride ions in table salt, NaCl.

Covalent and ionic bonding

Lewis Diagrams Electron dot diagrams, sometimes called Lewis dot diagrams,

were first used by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916. These diagrams are used as a shorthand notation to show

the number of valence electrons in an atom. More complicated versions can be used to show the bond

between different atoms in a molecule.

Lewis Diagrams

Activities

• Draw the dots (page 16)

Level 2 Chemistry Theory Workbook

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covalent bonding in elements

Single bonding

Double bonding

Triple bonding

Activities

• Dotty again – page 17• Dot to Dot – page 17 (First 8 questions)• Dotty Eyed by Now – page 19

Level 2 Chemistry Theory Workbook

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Coordinate covalent bonding (Dative Bonding) In the formation of a simple covalent bond, each atom

supplies one electron to the bond - but that doesn't have to be the case.

A co-ordinate bond (also called a dative covalent bond) is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom.

Examples include:Sulfur dioxide & Sulfur trioxide

Activities

• Dative Bonding – page 20

Level 2 Chemistry Theory Workbook

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