ATOC 4720: class 6: Winds ATOC 4720: class 6: Winds and precipitationand precipitation

1. Winds1. Winds Scales of motionsScales of motions Longitudinally averaged zonal Longitudinally averaged zonal

windswinds Tropospheric winds at different Tropospheric winds at different

latitudeslatitudes 2. Precipitation2. Precipitation

Class 5: The temperature distribution and Class 5: The temperature distribution and its measurementits measurement

80% massAll water(homo or heter?)

Sharp dropIn water

1. Winds in the earth’s 1. Winds in the earth’s atmosphereatmosphere

Spatial scales of motion: Spatial scales of motion: (1) Planetary-scale; (1) Planetary-scale; (2) Synoptic-scale (~a few hundreds of (2) Synoptic-scale (~a few hundreds of

km); km); (3) Meso-scale (a few tens of (3) Meso-scale (a few tens of

KM~hundreds km); KM~hundreds km); (4) Small-scale (< a few 10km). (4) Small-scale (< a few 10km).

Planetary scale winds: zonal Planetary scale winds: zonal meanmean

Winds in tropical stratosphere Winds in tropical stratosphere

Winds in troposphere: middle Winds in troposphere: middle & high latitudes& high latitudes

Surface PressureSurface Pressure

Winds in the tropicsWinds in the tropics

Easterly wave Perturbation Easterly wave Perturbation

Asian-summer monsoonAsian-summer monsoon

2. Precipitation2. Precipitation

Precipitation JanuaryPrecipitation January

JulyJuly