Integrating renewables and

energy storageAtle Harby, SINTEF

Magnus Korpås and Ånund Killingtveit, NTNU

Main problem with

Wind and Solar Power:

- Intermittent

- Highly variable

- Low predictability

- Non-Dispatchable

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

01.11.2012

06.11.2012

11.11.2012

16.11.2012

21.11.2012

26.11.2012

Solar (PV)

Wind

Wind + Solar PV are both highly intermittent and Non-Dispatchable

Observed Wind energy production Maximum: 44995 MW

In a system with 76013 MW Minimum: 1272 MW

installed capacity (Stadium 2012) Typical: 15400 MW

Capacity Factor: 0.20

Wind power production Western Europe (ES, FR, DE, DK, GB, IR) i 2012

Source: Paul-Frederik Bach , DK

System capacity: 30 000 MW

Solar PV in Germany 3 different days in i 2013

Source: Paul-Frederik Bach , DK

Norwegian hydro and Danish wind

Generation

in Norway

Load in

Norway

MWh

20 000

15 000

10 000

18 Oct 20 Oct 22 Oct 24 Oct

Norwegian hydro exporting Danish wind cover underproduction

Export

Import

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

Solar PV + hydropower

www.eera-set.euPage 6

Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”

Zero Energy

Building

el IMPORTel EXPORT

el EXPORT

EL demand

HEAT

demand

System boundary

. = 0

bio IMPORT

• Net zero

– Annual basis

• Energy efficient

building

– Reduced heat

demand

• On-site

production

– Exporting

electricity in

summer

Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”

Scope of study• Large introduction of ZEBs

– Energy efficient and energy producing

buildings

• How will this affect the power

system?

– Utilisation of hydro power reservoirs?

– Price formation in the power market?

– Norway’s ability to trade capacity

towards Europe? Photo: NVE

Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”

Model

• Assumptions on ZEBs

– 50 % of Norwegian building stock is ZEB in 2030

– PV generation 17 TWh/a (20 GW) in 2030

• EMPS model 2030

– Minimises total system cost

– Stochastic optimisation

– 30 scenario years (climatic)

– Time horison: 1 year, with 3hr time resolution

– Unit commitment and dispatch

Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”

Power Prices

• Average power prices

– Annual average price: -9 to -15 %

– Profile in summer is turned upside-down

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 7 1319 1 7 1319 1 7 1319

Thursday Friday Saturday

Price (

ore

NO

K/k

Wh)

Winter. NO2.

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 7 1319 1 7 1319 1 7 1319

Thursday Friday Saturday

Summer. NO2.

BAU

ZEB_DIR

ZEB_HP

ZEB_OTH

Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”

Power Exchange

• Average Nordic power balance– Increasing from +36 TWh (BAU) to +60 TWh (ZEB_HP)

– Massive export to UK, NL, DE & Balticum

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1

256

511

766

102

1

127

6

153

1

178

6

204

1

229

6

255

1

280

6

MW

3hr-period of the year

Net export from Norway. All connections in total.

BAU

ZEB_HP

66 %

90 %

max export

max import

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

Pumped storage + batteries

www.eera-set.euPage 12

Photo:

Alstom

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

PHES

Introduction of Norwegian PHES decrease coal power

Battery reduces the OCGT capacity

The additional capacity with a capacity market is OCGT

Results: Installed Capacity

Energy-only market Energy market & Capacity market

Insta

lled

ca

pa

city

[GW

]

No storage Battery PHESNo storage Battery0

50

100

250

200

150

300

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

Results: Installed Capacity

PHES + Batteries in the same

system: Nearly the same

installed capacity.

Increased base load capacity.

Decreased mid-merit

capacity.

This suggests that both

technologies are needed in

the system.

Insta

lled

capacity

[GW

]

No storage PHES Battery PHES+Battery0

50

100

150

200

250

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

Which storage technology?

BATTERY

Sto

rag

e le

ve

l(G

Wh

) PUMPED STORAGE16000

Hour of the year

Sto

rag

e le

ve

l(G

Wh

)

50

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

Which storage technology?

PHES need a bigger price difference due to higher losses

PHES can store much more due to abundant reservoir capacity

Hybrid systems – El Hierro island

Hybrid systems – El Hierro island

Hybrid systems – El Hierro island

Wind power

Pumped hydro

Daslination plant

Diesel for back-up

Romania

JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian

www.eera-set.euPage 21