ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL … OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PUGET SOUND AND ITS APPROACHES BY EUGENE E. COLLIAS, NOEL MGGARY, AND CLIFFORD A. BARNES A Washington Sea

ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PUGET SOUND AND ITS APPROACHES

ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

OF PUGET SOUND AND ITS APPROACHES

BY EUGENE E. COLLIAS, NOEL MGGARY, AND CLIFFORD A. BARNES

A Washington Sea Grant Pub ication

Distributed by the UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS, Seattle and London

Copyright C! 1974 by the University of Washington PressLibrary of Congress Catalog Card No. 74 � 10057

Printed in the United States of America

The United States Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmentalpurposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon,

WSG 74-1

Most of the data used in the preparation of' this atlas were obtained under Project NR 083 012within the Oflice of Naval Research Contracts Ngonr-520tlll, Nonr-477�1!, Nonr-477�0!, and

Nonr-477�3!.

The intensive study oF Carr inlet was made in 1954 and 1955 for the U,S, Bureau of Ships Con-tract No. 25 ls-626IA, Negotiation 417/54!.

Support for the preparation of the many drawings and for publication was under contracts from theState of Washington, Department oF Ecolo D, and through grants NG-1-72 and 04-3-158-42 from theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Washington Sea Grant Program.

CONTENTS

Salinity %II! 135VI I

Density as at!

Oxygen mg. at./I!Vl I

145V I I I

150Oxygen % satn.!

Phosphate Qg. at jf! 155

1 � 82

159Profile Location Chart

Temperature 'C!

Salinity �/IIII!

Profile Location Chart

Temperature 'C!

Salinity '/00!Density as Irt!

Oxygen mg, at./I!

30Density as at!

Oxygen mg. at,/I!17244

Oxygen % satn.!

Phosphate Iug. at Jl!

Oxygen % satn.!

Phosphate Iag. at./I!

58 176

18072

83 � I 27183

Temperature ' C!

Salinity '/00!

184

18892

192Density as o't!

Oxygen mg. at,/I! 196

Oxygen % satn.!

Phosphate prg. at./I!116

204124

HOLMES HARBOR

207Profile Location Chart

Temperature 'C!

Salinity �/NI!

129-157

129 208

Temperature 'C! 130 210

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE CITIED

PILLAR POINT TO DEVILS HEAD

BUSH POINT TO LYNCH COVE


Temperature 'C!

Salinity II/II0/

Density as e.i!

Oxygen rng. at./I!

Oxygen % setn.!

Phosphate pg. at./I!

DABOB BAY TO LYNCH COVE


POSSESSION POINT TO DECEPTION PASS

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN


212

214 227

216229-235

218 229

221-227

221

222 232

224

225 235

Density as ot!

Oxygen mg, at./I!

Oxygen A satn.!

Phosphate Q~. at./I!

CARR INLET


Temperature 'C!

Salinity "/~!

Density as ot!

Oxygen mg. at jl!

Oxygen % satn.!

Phosphate pg. at./I!

CASE INLET


Temperature 'C!

Salinity <>/~!

Density {as et!

Oxygen mg. at JI!

Oxygen '% satn.!

Phosphate Qg. at./I!

PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To a great extent, the quality of environmental planning and moni-toring is determined by the kinds and amount of factual informationavailable to decision makers. Thus, this atlas was planned to provideuseful information for anyone making decisions based upon physical andchemical characteristics of Puget Sound and for anyone doing researchon estuaries. Ocean engineers, commercial fishermen, fish farmers, regu-latory agency personnel, and legislators are among those who will be in-terested in the data portrayed in this atlas.

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the many membersof the faculty and staff of the Department of Oceanography at the Uni-versity of Washington who have contributed to the field programs whichprovided the vast amount of data used in the preparation of this atlas.

A special acknowledgment is given the late Capt. Franklin W. Prince-house, master of the R/V Brown Bear and marine superintendent of theDepartment of Oceanography. Without his deep appreciation for andunderstanding of oceanographic research, the field program would nothave been the success it was.

INTRODUCTION

OB J ECTIVE

Physical and chemical oceanographic data from Puget Sound and itsapproaches Figure I! have been gathered by the University of Wash-ington since 1932. These data have been published in tabular form andhave been cataloged by Collias �970!, but little of this information hasbeen put into a graphic form that is readily available. This Atlas ofPhysical and Chemical Properties of Puget Sound and Its Approachesmakes such a graphic presentation and provides a convenient and usablereference for defining the major features of water properties in PugetSound.

PRO FILES

In this atlas, water properties along eight longitudinal profiles are pre-sented for varying time intervals over a span of 14 years: from 1952through 1966. From October 1952 through September 1954, monthlysurveys were made throughout Puget Sound to determine the annual var-iations in these properties. From 1955 to 1966, intensive studies weremade at various times in selected portions of Puget Sound,

The major features of the distribution of properties can be followed asthey change in space and time. Values for different years at corre-sponding seasons can be compared to give an insight into the year-to-year variations.

Measurements presented in this atlas were made along the major axesof the various channels and represent locally the background saline wa-ters that feed the peripheral areas. What happens in each segment of theperipheral waters depends upon the natural local inputs as well as anyanomalous inputs due to the activities of man. Each small peripheralsegment poses a special situation differing from its neighbor. Lateralsegments are affected by the mid-channel waters but individually may ormay not significantly affect the latter, Charts showing the location ofeach profile, its attendant stations, and normal sampling depths are pre-sented on pages I, 83, 129, 159, 183, 207, 221, and 229. The eightlongitudina! profiles presented herein are as follows;

1. Pillar Point to Devils Head

Twenty stations From Pillar Point in the Strait of Juan de Fuca

through East Passage and The Narrows~ to Devils Head in south-ern Puget Sound

2. Bush Point to Lynch CoveFourteen stations from Bush Point in Admiralty Inlet through theentrance arm of Hood Canal to the head of Lynch Cove at thesouthern end of Hood Canal

3. Dabob Bay to Lynch CoveTwelve stations from the head of Dabob Bay, the northern end ofthe main basin of Hood Canal, to the head of Lynch Cove. Theeight southern stations are duplicates of the profile of Bush Pointto Lynch Cove.

4. Possession Point to Deception PassTen stations from Possession Point, off the southeastern tip ofWhidbey Island, through Saratoga Passage, Skagit Bay, and De-ception Pass to Lawson Reef

5. Point Jefferson to Port SusanSeven stations from Point Jefferson to the head of Port Susan

6, Holmes Harbor

Four stations from Greenbank to the head of Holmes Harbor

7. Carr Inlet

Nine stations from Toliva Shoal to Wauna at the head of Carr Inlet

8. Case Inlet

Five stations from Devils Head to Rocky Point at the head of CaseInlet

The spatial scales for the first five profiles are identical. For Carr andCase Inlets, the scales have been doubled and for Holmes Harbor, thescales quadrupled.

WATER CHARACTERISTICS

Water characteristics in order of presentation, analytical methods, andcontour intervals used are as follows:

Temperature is given in degrees Celsius 'C! and was determinedby use of deep-sea reversing thermometers attached to the water-sampling bottles used to collect water for chemical analyses.The thermometer readings were corrected according to the equa-

Commonly referred to as Tacoma Narrows

45 30' 15 124' 5D' 15' 45'125' 15

- VANCOUVER ISLAND

30'VICTORIA

QECsp noN pAss

15 15'PILLAR POINT

PORT ANGELES

EFFERSON 45

ATTLE

15'

PA CIRC OCEAN

45' 50 15' 45' 3D124' 15' 45'123 15'

Figure 1. Puget Sound and Approaches

O~PuCA

OLYMPIC PENINSULA

EVERETT~VN'

0 4 5 12 15 20 NAUTICAL NILE5

0 5 le 24 32 40 AILO55EJER5

tions of Sverdrup �947!. The usual contour interval is I 'C, butoccasionally 0.2-degree or 0,5-degree intervals are used where it isdesirable ta show important details or when a temperature range isvery narrow, as during the winter months.

Salinity is presented in parts per thousand ~/0'! on a weight basis.From 1932 to June 1957, salinities were determined by titrationusing the Knudsen method Oxner, 1920!. From June 1957 on,salinities were determined using a modified Wenner-Smith-Soulesalinity bridge Paquette, 1958!. Salinity is contoured at 1%p inter-vals except when a fresh water layer is found near the surface, andthere the contour lines tend to blend into a black band. Occasion-ally, 0.59'oii contours are used where it is necessary to show addi-tional detail or a long-term trend.

Density is presented as sigma-t rt!. Sigma-t is an expression forthe density p! of a given parcel af seawater at atmospheric pres-sure, its in situ temperature, and salinity as defined by the equa-tion:

a, = p�� I! 1000Contour intervals are at units of one 0'i. except when they areclosely grouped at the surface because of a fresh water layer. Oc-casionally, 0.5 trt-unit intervals were used ta show additional detailor long-term changes.

4. Dissolved oxygen is expressed in milligram-atoms per liter mg.at./I!. The Winkler method as modified by Thompson andRobinson �939! was used for the determination of oxygen. Con-tour intervals are at either 0.05 or 0.10 mg.at./I as required. Toobtain milliliters per liter ml/I!, the values listed are to be multi-plied by 11.2, and to obtain parts per million an a volume basis milligrams per liter!, the multiplier is 16.0

5. Saturation of the water with respect to dissolved oxygen is given inpercent. The saturation values were computed from the equationdeveloped by Truesdale and Gameson �957!. Contours are at in-tervals of 10%.

6. Dissolved inorganic phosphate is reported in microgram-atoms perliter /tg. at./I!, with contours at intervals of 0.5 yg at./1. Thecolorimetric method used to determine phosphate was that ofRobinson and Thompson �948!, with the developed color being

detertnined using a Beckman spectrophotometer Model DU andthe temperature of samples maintained at 25 C in a controlled waterbath.

PHYSICAL AND CHFMICAL OCEANOGRAPHYOF PUGET SOUND

A brief, simplified summary of some major features of Puget Sound'sphysical and chetnical oceanography will aid the reader in understand-ing and using this atlas. The distribution of water properties in PugetSound, as they change throughout the annual cycle and frotn year toyear, depends largely on characteristics of source waters, circulation,mixing, surface exchange, and local biochemical processes, Fresh waterenters Puget Sound at the surface primarily from the larger rivers thatdischarge into its various arms, while coastal seawater flows into theStrait of Juan de Fuca at depth, Most of this deeper water flows northinto the Strait of Georgia, although a considerable fraction flows southinto Admiralty Inlet. From there, it continues through the various chan-nels and basins of Puget Sound to the head of the tidewater areas. Theresulting circulation produces a net outflow of lower salinity surfacewater that overrides a landward flowing stream af more saline oceanictype water.

These flows and tidal driven intermixing of the waters tend to main-tain both a salt and water balance. Surface salinities increase fram nearzero at river mouths to over 32~%%do at the coast; whereas, the bottom sal-inities decrease from over 33%0 at the coast to 30%ii or less at the headsof the deeper arms, Overall, the waters inside the Sound are a continu-ously changing mixture averaging rvughiy ten parts of coastal water toone part af river water. During late summer, the inflawing seawater atdepth in the Strait of Juan de Fuca is highest in salinity and phosphateand lowest in temperature and dissolved oxygen. This is the result ofsummertime upwelling of deeper oceanic water along the coast of Wash-ington.

Superimposed upon the net circulation of surface outflow and deepinflow are large oscillating tidal currents. Tides are the primary source ofpower for the vertical and horizontal mixing that occurs throughoutPuget Sound. Tidal mixing is most rapid in the strong currents of themajor channel constrictions such as Admiralty Inlet, The Narrows, andDeception Pass. These constrictions commonly have relatively shallowsills that prevent direct interchange of waters deeper than sill depth.

The mixture of varying amounts of surface and deep water formed overeach sill during a liood tide is the direct source of intermediate andbottom water for the adjacent landward basin. The intermediate waterwill interleaf within the resident water column at a depth of commondensity, Multi-layer liow in an interleaving situation can depart greatly indetail from that usually assumed in the less complex two-layer situation.On an ebb tide, most of the mixed water continues seaward in the sur-face layer. However, both liood and ebb mixtures undergo some re-fluxing at the appropriate change of tidal current.

Basically, the water properties below the surface layer are determinedby the incoming seawater as modi6mi by local surface effects at themixing constrictions. Changes in the inflowing oceanic waters can be fol-lowed in space and time from depth in the Strait of Juan de Fuca to theheads of the various arms of the Sound. The properties of the inputsources change in a typical annual pattern but exhibit some year-to-yearvariations. Surface conditions also change in a typical annual pattern inresponse to surface exchange including insolation and inllux of riverwater. Changes in insolation and river discharge can be obtained fromrecords maintained by the National Weather Service and by the U,S.Geo!ogical Survey.

The combination of salinity and temperature that produces the mostdense water entering Puget Sound is commonly observed in late summeror early autumn. During this period, the less dynamic and more isolatedwaters of the deeper landward basins such as Hood Canal and its tribu-tary, Dabob Bay, are replaced. Except on rare occasions, the bottomwaters in ail local basins are replaced annually; whereas, replacement ofbottom and intermediate water in the more active basins is both more

rapid and variable. Replacement time decreases to the order of tidal cy-cles in the surface layer near river mouths,

The density of the water near the surface is almost entirely controli xfby salinity and increases with increase of the latter, Here isopleths ofequal salinity and equal density are closely parallel and in a static situa-tion are horizontal. In general, an increase in temperature tends to de-crease density. But in Puget Sound the temperature range is limited sothis effect is small compared to that of the widely varying salinity. Theresult is that the isotherms may cross isopleths of both salinity and den-sity at appreciable angles. Occasionally an inversion of cold water overwarm water occurs in winter. At depth in the basins where the salinitygradient is small, the effect of temperature on density is more apparent.

For example, during the tate summer replacement period, warm salinewater interleafs with or displaces the deeper, colder, fess saline residentwater as dictated by their relative densities. At such times, occluded par-cels of water at depth may be enclosed by roughly parallel salinity andtemperature isopleths that cross those of density. Only a few of theseoccluded parcels are apparent in this atlas because of the rather longsampling interval that exceeds their life span. The temperature structureis shown in relatively finer detail and frequently is roughly paralleled bythe distribution of such variables as dissolved oxygen and soluble phos-phate.

Overall, the surface temperatures follow the insolation cycle with vari-able time lag. In summer, surface temperatures generally are highest inthe slowly circulating extremities of the various embayments and lowestin turbulent channels, while in winter, the lowest surface temperaturesoccur in the shallow, slowly circulating areas. The temperature at depthresponds more quickly to advective processes than to local heat surfaceexchange and in some basins may be as much as six months out of phasewith the surface temperature cycle. Top-to-bottom temperatures averagelowest in March, lagging by two months the period of coldest regionalweather,

Oxygen is supplied to the upper layer by surface exchange and photo-synthesis. Below the photosynthetic zone, the oxygen content tends todecrease through the oxidation of organic compounds as the water ages Barnes and Collias, 1958!. These organic compounds are primarily ofplanktonic origin, and upon degradation, phosphate is released and ox-ygen is consumed. Consequently, at depth, oxygen "lows" frequentlyaccompany phosphate "highs", with their respective contours of concen-tration roughly parallel but with concentration gradients oppositely di-rected, This effect is frequently observed in Dabob Bay, Lynch Cove,Port Susan, and in the northern end of Saratoga Passage. Increases inoxygen demand on the waters contained within or feeding into these orother relatively static locations where oxygen lows are extreme could bedetrimental to the resident biota.

The primary source of phosphate is the inllowing seawater rather thanthe river water. Concentration of soluble phosphate in the upper layersvaries with the photosynthetic cycle and decreases considerably duringspring and summer phytoplankton blooms. Both soluble and combinedphosphate are carried to depth by denser inllowing water as it sinks intothe basins landward of the sills, and additional combined phosphatefrom the photic zone is carried downward by particulate matter that

sinks through the water column. When oxidized, these particulates returnsoluble phosphate to the water. As a result, the concentration of solublephosphate at depth in a basin frequently exceeds that of the coastalsource water. Notably high concentrations occur periodically below silldepth in Dabob Bay and also just below the surface low-salinity layer inthe slowly circulating waters near the heads of Port Susan, Dabob Bay,Lynch Cove, and the north end of Saratoga Passage,

The spatial and temporal spacing, of the observations presented hereinreveal neither the fine-scale structure nor the short period changes thatare associated with tides, the diurnal heating cycle, winds, or surface andinternal waves. For some locations, such as the central portions of themajor basins, short-term changes are relatively small and this portrayalcan be considered quite representative of the water column. In other lo-cations, as near the major constrictions in the channels or off the rivermouths, the water properties Iluctuate widely and rapidly with the tidalcurrents and may blur the longer period changes. In still other locations,such as the deeper waters of some basins, little change may occur formonths, to be followed by rapid IIushing which can be detected when allproperties are considered. However, the exact time of the occurrencecannot be established because of the relatively long periods betweencruises. In this situation, a gradual decrease of dissolved oxygen contentwith time and depth is indicative of the relatively static situation, whileits sudden increase is an indication of the intrusion of new waters and ofIIushing. Moreover, when displacement at depth does occur, the dis-placed waters may create sudden and unexpected changes elsewhere asthey move to lesser depths and other locations in the system.

This, in brief, summarizes the physical and chemical oceanography ofPuget Sound. Additional details may be found in volume 3 of PugetSound arid Approaches: A Literature Survey University of Washington,Department of Oceanography, 1954!.

LITERATURE CITEDBarnes, C. A., and Eugene E. Collias. 1958. Some considerations of ox-

ygen utilization rates in Puget Sound. Journal of Marine Research1 7:68 � 80,

Collias, Eugene E. 1970. Index to physical and chemical oceanographicdata of Puget Sound and its approaches, 1932 � 1966. University ofWashington Department of Oceanography, Special Report No. 43,and Washington Sea Grant Publication WSG70 � 4.

[McLellan, Peter M., coordinator, under supervision of Clifford A.Barnes,! 1954, Physical oceanography, marine biology, general sum-mary. Puget Sound and approaches: a literature survey, vol, 3. Univer-sity of Washington, Department of Oceanography.

Oxner, Mieczyslaw. 1920. Manuel practique de I'analyse de I' eau de mer.Chloruration par la methode de Knudsen, Bulletin de la Commissioninternationale pour I'Exploration Scientiftque de la Mer Mediterranee,No. 3.

Paquette, Robert G. 1958. A modification of the Wenner4mith-Soulesalinity bridge for the determination of salinity of sea water. Univer-sity of Washington, Department of Ocean'ography, Technical ReportNo. 61.

Robinson, Rex J., and Thomas G. Thompson. 1948. The determinationof phosphates in sea water. Journal of Marine Research 7.33 � 41.

Sverdrup, H. U. 1947. Note on the correction of reversing thermome-ters. Journal of Marine Research 6�!:136 � 138,

Thompson, Thomas G., and Rex 3. Robinson. 1939. Notes on the deter-mination of dissolved oxygen in sea water. Journal of Marine Re-search 2:1-8.

Truesdale, G. A., and A. L. H. Gameson. 1957. The solubility of oxygenin saline water. Journal du Conseil International pour 1'Exploration dela Mer 22;163 � 166.

PROFILE LOCATION CHART

LlII � l00

LlI l50ZQQ

ILLLI

250

V! 50IZLLII � 100LLI

Z 150

Z 200Q LLIO 250


i-ADMIRALT' INLET I SOUTHERN BASIN�STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

l50

TEMPERATURE 'C!

50CJlIJJ6 F00IJJ

I-+ 200CLILI

250

PILLAR. POINT TO DEV1LS HEAD

200C3

500 PlI2600 z

600 ~

2OO ~

I-ADMIRALTY INLET � I SOLITHERN BASIN�STRAIT QF JUAN DE FUCA PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

150 500

6 12 16l6 24 62

0 IT*uTICAL MILE540 6ILOIIETE46

TEMPERATURE {'Cj

CE2ELI

100W X

200I�QELI

250


200Cl

Eoo mD400

600m

Too m

12

I-ADMIRALTY INLET I SOUTHERN BASIN�STRAIT OF JUAN DE FLICA PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

150

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

50U!I?LLI

100LLI

I�ILLLI

250


200C3

500 m0500 Z

600 ~m

~m

800

I-ADMIRALTY INLET SOUTHERN BASIN�STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA PUGET SOUND, IeIAIN BASIN

z 150

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

5DCO222IJI IDD2IJX

I 200ZCLIJJ

250


200CI

U400

eao -qm

7ao m-I

14

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I 50 500Z

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

5000ILLLII looLLI

2.00z0LLI

250


200O

500 m0500 Z

500 TIm

zoo m

TEMPERATURE 'C!I-ADIVIIRALTY INLET I SOUTHERN BASIN�PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

Z �0

PILLAR. POINT TO DEVILS HEAD

5000IZLLII � tooIJJ

~ 200QIJJ

250

I STRAIT OF VUAN DE FUCA

200O

500 m0400 Z

600 mm

roo m

16

i- ADIVIIRAI TY INLET SOUTHERN BASIN�PUGET SOUND, IVIAIN BASINSTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUGA

Z 150 500

SALI N jTY '/QQ!

ChIrJ

100IrJX

+ �0I�0LLI

250


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lo0

m2oo m

SALINITY %o!

ChLLII 1ooILI

200I�0LLj

250


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SALI N ITY 'loo!

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SALINITY /OO!STRAIT OF JLIAN DE FLICA - ADMIR

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200

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IOO

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SALlNITY '/00!

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SALINITY %0!

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600

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150500

SALI N ITY '/oo!

V!LJJ

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STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA I ADMIRALTY INLET � I SOUTHERN BASIN�PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

150

500m

Zoo m

SALINITY 'toe!

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300 m0500 Z

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l-ADISIIRALTY INLET i SOUTHER N BAS IN�STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

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8 12 IS 28 MAIITICAL MILES6 M E

DENSlTY {as 07!

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20 KKKEE LL MILESWQ KIL0MEEEK$

DENSITY {as 07'

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DENSITY as Og j

50V!

LijI 100

~ 2000LU

200


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400

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SOUTHERN BASIN�I-ADMIRALTY INLET-I PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASINSTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

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DENSITY as 07!

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250


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Roo

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Z 150

m100 m

DENSITY as 07!

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SOUTHERN BAS N�I-ADMIRALTY INLET PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASINSTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

156

500m

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i-ADMIRALTY INLET PUGET SOUND, MAINSTRAIT QF JUAN DE FUCA --SOUr

Z 150

600m

Ioo m

DENSIT'Y as 07!

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Z IOOI�CLIJJ

250


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500 m0~ 00 z

ADMIRALTY INLET I SOUTHERN BASIN�I UGET SOUND, MAIN BASINTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

z, 150600 ~

m700 m

DENSITY as Ot!

50Ul

IJII � 100IJIX

Z zooI�0IJJ

550


ZooO

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38

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100LLI

I 2000LLI

250


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~ rn

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I-ADMIRALTY INLET SOUTHER N BAS IN�STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASIN

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DENSITY as 07!

SOOOIZI22I � eoLU

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020

600Pl

200 Pl

SOUTHERN BASIN�I-ADMIRALTY INLET I PUGET SOUND, MAIN BASINSTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

UJI � 100LIJ

150

DENSITY as Op!

2000LLI

250


200O

000 m040 z

000 mm

200 m

42

PADMIRALTY I>ILET ISTRAIT DF JUAN DE FUCA SOUTHERN BAS IN�PUGET SOUND, VAIN BASIN

Z 150

DENSITY as 07!

50V5 ZLJJI � iooUJX

Z 200I�CLLJJ

250

PILLAR POINT TO DEVILS HEA13

200O

coo z

I ADMIRALTY INLET I SOUTHERN BASINPUGET SOUND, MAIN BASINSTRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

Z 150

DENSITY as 07}

V!

LIJ100

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146

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100

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50O

200

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200

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156


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150

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200

150

600

0

60UJC3

600

TOO

Ia V 40T104L VIL6$

OXYGEN '/n satn.}

1500DLIJP 200LIJ


C3600 IYI0

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I-PGSSESSIGH SGVND-iSARATGGA PASSAGE- SKAGIT GAY-P,'

100

200

100

150

600200

I OO

100

0

I OO

150

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C

POSSESSION POINT TO DECEPTION PASS20 N4OTICA 4IL655 12 16

OXYGEN lo Satn.j

150V!K4J 200UJ

T I�0 UJCI

!-PGSSESSI044 SOIJNO.i- SARATOGA I%SSAGE- -SKAGIT eAY-i""",'-"i,.��' i FPOSSESSIGH SOIJND I SARATOGA PASSAGE iSKAGIT BAY/»44 4~ ~~

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0

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178

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200

100

100

200

I OO

Z'.0

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4OD

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I do~ 0

100

400150

600200

4 I2 te zo eall7IcaL MILES

150V!IXW 200LIJX


C36DO0

700 � I

0

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300100

400

150

200

10050 200

100

0

SOLUC3

100

150

700

10050

100

150

600

20 ISAU'IICAL MILES

POSSESSION POINT TO DECEPTION PASS ~ 0 IIILIMIETESS16 24

4 524

PHOSPHATE pg at/Ij~-POSSESSION SOLANO-~-SARATOGA PASSAGE- SKAGIT BAY- t ~ I s

150Eh22JI � 200LLIX

-POSSESSION SO2IND-I-SARATOGA F32SSAGE-QK*GIT ear- "-",',-["��,'; I.PCIUU !vusIu.~- SARATOGA 552SSAGE -ISKAGIT BAY!M �'"~ '�",",

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182

I.POSSESSION SOUND.~-SARATOGA PASSAGE -!SKAGIT BAY]

I 00

200

100

I50

200

I oo

100

0

50LLIO

100

150

I 0050

100

150

600

POSSESSION POINT TO DECEPTION PASS 20 RAUBCAL MILES8 IS I 880 8 I LCSSE I'E RSIS 28 32

PHOSPHATE pg. at./I![-POSSESSION SOUND-i-SARATOGA PASSAGE-i-SKAGIT BAY-j»M

I 50V!ILLLII � 200LLI

.POSSESSION SOUND- - SARATOGA PASSAGE � ISKAGIT BAY. M" MM' ;<A~r

C3600 IYl0

zoo +

0

Ioo Plrn


CO 50IZLLI

100L11

Z 150

2000IJJ

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POtNT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN

150 500 ~

500 ~rn

Ieo ~


TEMPERATURE 'C!}PusET souNa-I- »~,"-i-PoRT sUsAN-i }PusET souNo-p,ouN, -}-PQRT sUsAN-i iIueET sou5Io-i-"�'u'�', "--PORT sUsAN-i }PuoET souNo-},QU'ND' -}-PORT SUSAN-i

VIILIJJI � 100IJI

200I�DW

250

200CI

JQQ Q

100

150

250

150 000 Z

100


oaIe ZO AI10

TEMPERATURE 'C!I~usET sovwo-I- sce~II I-PORT SUSAN-I rPvcET souNo-I- soUND -I-PORT SUSAN-I I.PuGET souNc I. soLI~o IPORT SUSAN-I I.PUGET sovNo-I- sou~a "I-PORT SUSAN-I

V!LIJI � 100LIJ

~ 200QLIJ

250

C7~m

4� +

600m

ro0 m� I

TEMPERATURE 'Cj~~usE~ souNo-I.'~~~�o ".i-PORT SUSAN-i ! PusET souNo-I- s«'�D "-iPORT SUSAN-~ jpuGET souNo ~-,«ND' "-iPORT SUSAN-i !PucET souNo-i ~',No /PORT SUSAN-i

0

150


I5 50

LLI100

LLI

+ 2OOI�QLLI

250

oMo m0400 g

500m

200 m

N10

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

l50

250

l50

I 50

DarE 8 EIClV SEtDIr E 2CI DEC 56'

POINT JEFFER,SON TO pORT QUEAN

IPUGET SQUND I sQUI4Q I PORT SUSAN-I0

50CDLIJI 100LIJ

200I�0LIJ

250

IPUGET SOuNO-I- �~Q '- -PORT SUSAN-I II=IJGET SOUND ~- '»'U'�'0""-!PORT SUSAN-I IPVGET SDUND.!',QQNQ' 4PORT SUSAN-[

200C3

5~ Pl0

<00 Z

500rrI

20, m

188

200

Z l50

600 llrn

200 rn

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN20 IIAEITICAL 'MILES

SALINITY 'too!I-PuoET souND->,~»"-i-PORT SUSAN-I I pul ET souNa-I-~p<u~N~~'-I-PORT SUSAN-I I-PusET souND-I-"»'uN',"-I-PORT SUSAN-I I.puGET souNo.t",04'�',"3-PORT SUSAN-I

rl 50

4JI 1004J

~ 200I�IL4J

250

200CJ

2~ Pl'D� I

400

SOLI N ITY '/00j+ussr souNo I soUNII I-PORT SUSAN-I I.Purer sovND I ouNo "-I-PORT SUSAN-I I.puI zr souNDI- sovNo '-tPORT SUSAN-I I.Pucker souND-t' so'u�o "--PORT SUSAN-I

0

250

150

100

200

150


CKulKE lKIADATE /Al AIAK 54

LPIUIAK DD 4DADE ZID AIIG 34

EO KAIITICAL IllLEEIE 40 KILDMETEEE

V> 50LELLII � 100LLI

200Z0LLI

250

200o

~m0

400

600m

T00 m

1510

190

SA L I N IT Y '/eo}

250

100

z 150500 z

150

250


50U!LIJI � 100LIJ

200

Q LIJ250

M~I E:I ~o~No.I- $0I240 "-I-PQRT SusAN I I-~U<<+ ~ND I gpggp PoRT SusAN- I PUGET soUND'I gpggp I PORT susAN-[ I-P~s~T soUND-I- ~'�'�',""-I-PQRT sUsAN!0

200C7

~m 0400

600m

IOO m

SOLI N ITY '/oojpuGvr souNo-i"5~~0 '--PQRT SUSAN-i ipusvr souNo-i- ~«�D "-!PoRT SUSAN-~ ~.vuGEr souNoi- «�'0 'i-PORT SUSAN-i ~-PuGvr souND-i' s«ND -I-PORT SUSAN-I

0

100

500

250

100

150 500 ~

200

CAVIEE 66 leAAR E 22I 066 S6


V! 50

LLII � 100LLI

+ 2000LIJ

250

CRCIIRE 00 ER4ORTE Ie oyer Wi

200C7

500 IRl

400 Q

192

150


DENSITY as Og j50lJND " I PORT SUSAN-I

5

5DIZLIJ

100IJJ

+ 2ooQLIJ

250

I-f'uoET souNo-I-' g~g~p I-PORT SLlSAN I IPUGET souvo I-"',50�5N,' "-I-PORT SUSAN-i I-PuoET souvo-I-' ~0'�'N'0 "-I-ppRT SUSAN-I

2DDCI

~ m5J

400

ooo ~m

200 m

l00

z 120 000 z

Q W250


DENSITY as 07!+GET soUNDk ~D I PoRT sUsAN-I I PARGET soLINo-I- NII -I-PQRT sUsAN-I I.P~~T smND-I-",",'�",,""-I-PoRT sUsAN-I I-PUGE r soUND I. �' !P0RT sUsAN-I

V!LJJ

I 00LLIX

200CI

400 Q

i-PuvET souND-i-' ',~o�~N,' '-i-PORT SUSAN-i I f'uGET souNo-i-' ~o'�',o I-PORT SUSAN-i i-PuGET sauna-i' ~~0,~N~ 4PORT SUSAN'0

!PLlGET SoUND i MlgNP i PORT SUSAN0

100

150 500

500250

500

150500 Z

10050

200

100

150

Oa/E /6 J//Pf 57OAEE /7-/8 8PR '88

POlNT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN

24/E /8 POII 58

32 40 K ILOAETEAS24

DENSITY as 07!

2/3

IJJ100

23j

200z LLI250

200O

~m 0400 g

500 ~m

VOO Pl

I96

OXYGEN mg. at./I!I-Pu«w souvo.l. ~, '-I-PORT SUSAN-I I I'u«T sou5ID-I-',0g, -I-PORT SUSAN-I I I'u«T»u«-I- o<,D '-I-PORT SUSAN-I I-~u«T souwo-I- ~p�'�p %PORT SUSAN-I

0

z 150 500 z


K IJJI � 100IJJX

Q IJJ250

200a

M0 mU500 +

500 2Im

200 m

OXYGEN {mg. at./I!IaueE> souNo-I-",'0U�',""-I-PORT SUSAN-I I-PuoET souNo-I- 50go~-I-PORT SUSAN-I I.pu«T sojJNo-I-' >~<p I-PORT SUSAN-1 I-Pu«~ souDJo-I- oE,N'O'" I-PORT SUSAN-I

0

100

150

900

100

150

150

Da E l8 6/dY 36DarE /6 FEEI 'de

0 NDIITICaa IllLEE46 KILEKKETE456 16 4 52POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN

1 47

50V!LIJ

100LIJX

~m0UJ~ E50

200O 0

400 Q

mr00 m

500

198

OXYGEN mg. at./I!f+uI'ET souNo f-~,""-f-r ORr Sumter-/ I puGET souND-J-~~�,' -I-r CRr SUE+-f i-FucE~ sauND-I-' �,'�', "-I-PORT SUSAN-I 4puGET souNDQ �'�'�", +PORT SUSAN-I

0

150


M 50

100IJJX

CI~m

400 Q

500 ~m

100 m

SOO

50

1 50

z l50 500 Z

200I�Q LLI

500

1 50

200

Sar r 45 4tue 55

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSANI 0 44MTIC4L MILES

OXYGEN mg. at./I!]-Puce SauNO-I-"5~0~I,'"+PORT SUSAN-] !I uaET SauNO-!'~5~~N0~-!PORT SUSAN- I-PuoE~ sauNo-I-"p,'�",,""-I-PORT SUSAN-I IpuoET SouNO-L~p,'�'�',""]-PORT SUSAN-I

r5 50I2:LLII � F00LLIX

200

U 25400 Q

150

Z 150

600 ~m

100 m200

LLLIJ


OXYGEN '/0 satn.!I-Pue~T souND-l-' ~"�'o "-I-PORT SUSAN-I l.I uGE:T souNo-l-'~sousNsoe"-l-PORT SUSAN-l l-Puce~ souND l-'oss~~sNsoIo" I-PORT SUS!Vu-I I-PuI'~~ sauNo-l-~s~os~ssoIo~<-PORT SuSAN-I

AIJJI � 100LIJ

200C7

M0 m0400 Q

DDD ZI 6 0

mTDD m

0 LLI

DJTE f6 666 54

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSANIS SD MSVTICAL MILES

24 32 4D S ILSSS ETE 4 6

OXYGEN /Es satn.!}pusET souNo-} ~,'"-I-PORT SUSAN-[ jpu~~T souNo-}' s~�, -!PORT SUSAN-! IpuGET souNo }" o",�', '-}PORT SUSAN-! }f ueeT souNo-} ~~�~ -I-PORT SUSAN-!

COIKIJJI � I DDIJJ

ODDD m

SDD Q

202


OXYGEN /o satn.jI-puoET souMo!.~~~~~ "-I-PORT SUSAN-I I-r uG~~ sou~o-I-'~~0�~»~-I-PORT SUSAN- I-PvsET souwo-I-~~~'u'�~~ I-PORT SUSAN- I-euG~T souvo-I-~~~~'~4PQRT SUSAN-I

V!K UJI � iooUJ

C7xm n'

IKO Q

IOO

100

l 00

150

IOO

zo OFC 56 DATE Il-/F APP 'fb'

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSANS IE IS So ISADEICAL MILES

OXYGEN % satn.!!PUQET SOUND.i 50USIcI -i-PORT SLISAfLl-i i.PUQET sDUND-p ~ !~D -i-PORT SIJSAN-I I PUQET sDUND-i-"~WOUND~"-i pORT SLISAN-i I.PUQET soUND-I- 50UNII "i-poRJ SUSAN-i

CD

IAII � <00IAIX

~mCLI�IAI

250

200CI

00 mD400 Q

500 ~m rn

500

z 150

coo ~m

~m


PHOSPHATE p,g. at./I!Imo~T souND-I- ~~, '-I-PORT SUSAN- I-PLIr~~ sou~D-I.,~» -I-PORT SUSAN-I I-PuGE~ souNo-I-',~u'N'0 "-I-PORT SUSAN-I I-I'ucET souNo-I- »uIIII /PORT SUSAN-

ChIZLLII IXLJI

~mI-0LLI

250

200C3

~m0

<00 g

PHOSPHATE p.g. at.llj -RJGET soUNO-I- ~~p -l-PORT SLISAN-l

50

Z50

150

I 4144 oo 44aaTE 24 41ee 35 oaTE e5 I'eo 35

4 4 12 14 20 4 4VTICRL 4ILER

POINT JEFFERSON TO PORT SUSAN 42 40 KILOMZTERR

CO 50ILLLII � IooLLI

+ zooI�0ILI

250

-PUGET SOUND-l 50UNp l PORT SUSAN l !PUGET SOUND l- pLINp 'I PORT SUSAN l !PUGET SOUND gpUNp /PORT SUSAN-l

200CI

500 m-Ip

40CI +

4O0 wrn

T00 m� I

150

PHOSPHATE pg. at./i!~-PIjGET souND.I- ~�o - -PORT SUSAN-! II'USERS SouNI3-I- g~q�p "-!PORT SUSAN-I I-RII ET SauND-I- g~ND .I.PORT SUSAN-I -PLEDGET SOUND-$ po~g +PORT SUSAN-I

0

50COLLI

100LLI

I� LIJJ

250


200Ca

500 m

400 X

600m

~m


0

Ld 20I-UJ>~0

Z60

I�

HOLMES HARBOR

208

l00

TEMPERATURE 'C!

60CfrILI�UJ IUJ

0

CL 60IJJ

HOLMES HARBOR

660 ~m 0

M0 +X

Z0

m m

l00

6 6 IIIIVTICAL lllLES6 6 EI KILOIIIET ERE

zeoD

zoo +

TEMPERATURE 'C!

eoV!

I�UJ eoUJ

Z'.o

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HOLMES HARBOR

Zo

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I oo

210

SALI N ITY /0oj

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Ld»I�LLI

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SALI N ITY %oj

Vl

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20

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212

4 RRuTIORL MILES10 KILOMETERS

E 4 4S 4

DENSITY {as Og j

e0�

~ 00LLIX

0

0 20LUo

HOLMES HARBOR

0

~ rnrn

100

20

200

220

40

150

5 RAIJTICAL MILES

10 KILOMETERS

DENSITY {as Og!

60CA

hJ 20IJJ

Z0

z0 2.0LLIC!

R 0

HOLMES HARBOR

220 ~m0

200 ~

0

m

100

250

OXYGEN mg. at./Ij

80Cf!

~ eoI�ILI

0XI�0 20ILID

HOLMES HARBOR

D

~ rnrn

I OQ

20

10040

150

200

50

5020

100

150

200

15060

5020

10040

15060

250PATE /J JEIAK 37

2 5 4 5 NAUTICAL MILES4 4 8

OXYGEN {mg. at.ll!

60COKI�LLj 50LLI

Z0

Q 20LLIO

HOLM ES HARBOR

250 Pq0

500 +

Z0

Plmr

100

216

60

20

200

OXYGEN '/0 Satn.!

60

K~ 60I�LLIX

2'.0

Z I�9 20LLJC2

HOLMES HARBOR

2500

200 +X

Z'0

rn

f00

eo

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OXYGEN % satn.j

Zo

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HOLMES HARBOR

0

eo rnrn

l0 0

2i8


60<Il0LLI 60LLI

0

I�Q. 60LLICi

HOLMES HARBOR

660 +mLI

600 +

0

60 Plm

100

PHOSPHATE p.g. at,/1!

60V!CLLLj eoLLI

Z0 60IJJO

10

HOLMES HARBOR

0

m m

I CK


LLI4DLLI

eoZ'.

CARR INLET

222

100

120

500

200

Z0

160

10040

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

120V!IJJIJJ 160

I�d 60O

CARR INLET

400ITI

500

0

10o I"m

200

10040

120

600160

10040

Z'.0

I-Q 40IJJ

120

160

10040200

SETE 29 SFPT 54 0*TE IP- 8 J45 55 SJTE 2 RrOIr 55

6 12 20 RILOME TERS

0 120IZLLII-LLI 160

CARR INLET

400m

600

0

100m

200

6 S 16 IT*V TISRL MllES

224

160

40

120

200

120

DENSITY as Ot!

120IZIJJI�LJJ 160

Z:0

I�Q 40IJJC3

CARR INLET

400 ~rn

600 ~� I

0

100m� I

200

40

eo

Z'.0

leo

40

Io AAUTICAL HILE620 KILIATETEAS

4 6 66 12 16

OXYGEN mg. at/I!

~ EEO ZLIJLIJ 160

I�40

LIJD

CARR. INLET

400 0rn

eoo ~

0

,~ rnrn

200

226

100

R0

I�Q 40ZLj

OXYGEN % satn.j

O 1ZOQ LLIIJJ 160

CARR INLET

400rn

60O 0

0

100rr1

200

0 4 6 12 16 10 KILDMZ1666

10040

120

600160

0

120

80

400

6 IO NJJTIOJL MILE6IE Eo KIJOMErENN

PHOSPHATE p g. at./I!

120IKIJII�JLI 160

I�Q 40LLI

60

CARR INLET

4OO ~m

600 ~

0

lpp mm

200


aLLI

LLI 40

120

CASE INLET

230

1 0040

80

lZO

leo40

200Bo

300120

OIXILILLI 40

Z eo

Z I ZOCLLLIO

l 0040

Zooeo

300IZO

400

40

200eo

300l 20 400

TEMPERATURE 'Cj

CASE INLET

o rnlOO 0

Zoo

300

~0 rn

2 4 6 8 10 U*UTICAU lklUEB

m oUJI�QJ 40

Z ea

120I�Q LLID

OXYGEN rng. at./I!

CASE INLET

om

I QO� I200

Z'.300

~m m

200

1 20

0IZ:LLII�

40Z

120Il.LLIC3

A E E4 40V 6/

eo

CASE INLET


OETI

100 0

ZOO

500

AQO ~rn

Documents

ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL … OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PUGET SOUND AND ITS APPROACHES BY EUGENE E. COLLIAS, NOEL MGGARY, AND CLIFFORD A. BARNES A Washington Sea