“Atlantic to Pacific”1783 – 1853 not in bookpgs. 221 – 223 283 – 291 296

• Western Trails Map

– Pg. 283

NATIONAL EXPANSIONISM TEST

• Advance to the Mississippi (1783)

• Manifest Destiny

• Western Trail Blazers

• Oregon Explorers / Settlers

• Texas Independence and Annexation

• The War Against Mexico

• Westward Expansion / Settlement

“Manifest Destiny”“Manifest Destiny” First coined by newspaper editor, First coined by newspaper editor, John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan in 1845 in 1845. First coined by newspaper editor, First coined by newspaper editor, John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan in 1845 in 1845.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged. A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

1821 Mexican REVOLUTION

EXPANSIONISM • Westward Expansion

– Early Explorers • Trappers• Mountain Men

– Westward Migration• Early Settlers

– Texas Independence

• Oregon Territory • Conestoga Wagon Trains• Mormon Settlement

– Gold Discoveries– Mail routes/Pony Express– Transcontinental Railroad

EXPANSIONISM • Westward Expansion

– Early Explorers • Lewis & Clark• Zeb Pike

– Trappers• Hudson Bay Co.• American Fur Co.• Rocky Mt. Fur Co.

– Mountain Men• Jed Smith• Josiah Walker

– Surveyors/Scouts• John C. Fremont

Western Trails

1820-1840’s

Oregon Trail

The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

• Oregon Country - Russia, Spain, Britain and United States

• Columbia River – John Gray (early)

• Lewis & Clark - Sacajawea

• 1818 – 49th Border• Adams-Onis Treaty

(1819) boundary, Spain

• 1824 Russia surrenders claim below Alaska

Mountain Men-

fur traders, trappers,

missionaries into Oregon

• Whitman Mission settlement – Later Measles will spread

Overland Trails - Oregon Trail (4-6mth) -mountain passes – 2,000miles

1841 Fremont Charting Expedition map printed & followed by thousands of settlers

Prairie SchoonersPrairie Schooners

Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

Trails WestwardTrails Westward

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!

By the mid-1840s,By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by was spurred on by the promise of the promise of

free landfree land..

By the mid-1840s,By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by was spurred on by the promise of the promise of

free landfree land..

The joint The joint British - U. S.British - U. S. occupation occupation ended in1846.ended in1846.

The joint The joint British - U. S.British - U. S. occupation occupation ended in1846.ended in1846.

• MANIFEST DESTINY– Early history develops

• John Q. Adams – “expansion to the pacific a law of nature”

• 1840 – NY newspaper- John O’Sullivan• MANIFEST DESTINY• NATIONAL MISSION

Fifty-Four Forty or Fight

1846 settle at 49’

Settles Oregon Issue

April, 1846 – April,

1847April, 1846 – April,

1847

The Doomed Donner Party

The Doomed Donner Party

James Reed & Wife

James Reed & Wife

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen Of the 83 members of

the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

CANNIBALISM ! !

CANNIBALISM ! !

NATIONAL EXPANSIONISM TEST

• Advance to the Mississippi

• Manifest Destiny

• Western Trail Blazers

• Oregon Explorers / Settlers

• Texas Independence and Annexation

• The War Against Mexico

• Westward Expansion / Settlement

Spain’s N. AmericanEmpireSpains’s Control in

Southwest weakens (Comanche & Apache Treaty)

• California (fear of Russia/England) Missions & Presidios (forts)

• Indian population declines while (Mexican population Increases) = mexican independence

• Mexican Independence (1821) 2 Mexico’s -Rancheros want trade -encouraged trade with United States

• Newer MexicoNewer Mexico – more independent, separate – wants Trade with the U. S.

• Santa Fe Trail connects Santa Fe Area of New (Upper) Mexico with Missouri)

• New Mexico, Utah, California, Texas had closer ties to U.S. than with “Old”Mexico

New

Old