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AtlantaAtlanta--Fulton County Fulton County Emergency Management AgencyEmergency Management Agency
Team Members
Adam Barb
Emergency Water Distribution PlanSpring 2008
Jeannell Baker
Ashley Elleby
Kendria Favors
Tobey Fowler
Iesha Scott
Disclaimer: This presentation has been created within the context of the Senior Design Project and the Georgia Institute
of Technology does not officially sanction its content.
Client ContactWilliam Smith
Director of Operations,AFCEMA
Senior Design AdvisorDr. Ozlem Ergun
Faculty,Georgia Institute of Technology
Lake Lanier Water Elevations
1045
1050
1055
1060
1065
1070
1075
Leve
l (Fe
et)
Problem DescriptionProblem Description
Cutoff
April 17, 2008
Figure 1: Lake Lanier elevation levels
http://water.sam.usace.army.mil/gage/bufelev.htm
January 1, 20081052 ft.
April 1, 20081056 ft.
Average Levels
1070 ft. (-14)
1035
1040
1045
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
Cutoff1035 ft. (+21)
2007 Start-End
-12 ft.
2
General POD LayoutClient DescriptionClient Description
• Atlanta-Fulton County Emergency Management Agency
– AFCEMA– County level response– Water distribution network
needed for Fulton County• Point of Distribution
– POD
Figure 2: USACE POD layout to serve 5,000 people per day
April 17, 2008 3
– POD– Loading points– Commodities
• Logistic Staging Area– LSA– Pre-event staging– Inventory buffer
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineI. Problem DescriptionII. Client DescriptionIII. MethodologyIV. DeliverablesV. SummaryVI. Questions
I. Problem DescriptionII. Client DescriptionIII. Methodology
i. POD and LSA Locationsii. POD Layoutiii. Population Estimateiv. Service Levels of PODv. Cost of Operation
April 17, 2008 4
v. Cost of Operationvi. POD Placement Modelvii. Water Replenishment Schedule
IV. DeliverablesV. SummaryVI. Questions
Methodology: POD and LSA LocationsMethodology: POD and LSA Locations
• POD Requirements– Size– Facility– Political
• LSA Requirements– Size– Facility
– Airports
140 Feet
W W W W W W W W W W
����
30 Feet�
POD Size Constraints
April 17, 2008
– Airports– High security
• Data Source– Atlanta Regional Commission– GIS Clearinghouse
Figure 3: Space required for a five loading point POD
237 Gallons per Pallets
W W
30 Feet�
35 Feet
WPallet
� Car
3 People per Car
One Loading Point
5
Methodology: POD and LSA LocationsMethodology: POD and LSA Locations
Alpharetta
Johns Creek
Mountain Park
Roswell
Sandy Springs
Milton
Fulton County Map of Locations
39 PODs Verified
2 LSAs Verified
April 17, 2008
LSA Location
POD Location
Legend
Figure 3: Fulton County city map using GIS data sectioned by Census tract.
Atlanta
Union CityPalmetto
HapevilleFairburn
College Park
East Point
6
Methodology: POD LayoutMethodology: POD Layout
Loading Point
Water Storage
Walk-Up Point
Driving Public
Walking Public
EntranceExit
Legend
Truck Point
April 17, 2008 7
Water Storage
Resource Area
Figure 5: South Fulton Tennis Center 5634 Mason Road SW, Atlanta GA 30349
Alpharetta
Johns Creek
Mountain Park
Milton
Roswell
Sandy Springs
Methodology: Population EstimateMethodology: Population Estimate
• Demand Forecast– 167 census tracts– 2008 population forecasted– 2.7457% yearly increase in population– Forecast: 1,013,451 residents
April 17, 2008
Atlanta
Union City
Palmetto Hapeville
Fairburn
College Park
East Point
Legend
Population Density (per sq mile)
110 –2,889
2,890 – 5,533
5,534 – 9,980
9,991 – 19,190
19,191 – 51,480Figure 6: Fulton County population density map in GIS
8
Methodology: Service LevelsMethodology: Service Levels
• Arrival Rate– Traffic data
• Service Rate– Average service level = (# loading points) * (service rate)– Service rate = 47 (cars/hour) 1
• Wait Times and Queue Lengths– Simulation
• Fluctuating arrivals from traffic data
April 17, 2008
• Fluctuating arrivals from traffic data• Varying demand levels
1 Determined by USACE
9
Methodology: Service LevelsMethodology: Service Levels
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
Rela
tive
Traf
fic In
tens
ity F
acto
r
Georgia DOT Traffic Flow Factors
April 17, 2008
Figure 7: Atlanta Traffic Factors Georgia Department of Transportation
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
Rela
tive
Traf
fic In
tens
ity F
acto
r
Time of Day
10
Methodology: Service LevelsMethodology: Service Levels
3:36
4:48
6:00
7:12
8:24
Wai
t Tim
es (H
ours
:Min
utes
)
Simulated Wait Time Analysis
Average Wait
Max Value Wait
April 17, 2008
0:00
1:12
2:24
3:36
85% 100% 110% 125% 150%
Wai
t Tim
es (H
ours
:Min
utes
)
Utilization of POD
Max Value Wait
11
Figure 8: Arena Simulation
Methodology: Cost of OperationMethodology: Cost of Operation
• Variable Costs– Vary upon utilization
• Fixed Costs– Purchased or rented
• Variable Costs– Vary upon utilization
• Labor• Gasoline• Waste disposal
• Fixed Costs– Purchased or rented
• Tents• Portable toilets• Computers• Traffic cones• Tables
April 17, 2008 12
• Chair• Signage
• Parameters– Location Data
• LSAs, PODs, Census tracts• Capacities, demands
– Cost Parameters• Operating• Lost productivity• Travel
Methodology: POD Placement ModelMethodology: POD Placement Model
m3
m2
Waiting Time Functions
April 17, 2008
• Travel• Constraints
– Demand– Waiting times– Step function variables
• “Fill” limitations• Order of fill
13
Figure 9: Step-function illustration
m1
x1 x2 x3
mi : amount of time added per car per segment
xi : number of cars assigned to POD per segment
Methodology: POD Placement ModelMethodology: POD Placement Model
• Objective– Minimize the cost of a given scenario.
• Decision variables– Determine which PODs to use.– Determine which LSA supplies each POD.
• Output– Determine POD expected daily demand.– Determine which POD an area should serve.
April 17, 2008
– Determine which POD an area should serve.– Determine average waiting time for public.
14
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineI. Problem DescriptionII. Client DescriptionIII. MethodologyIV. DeliverablesV. SummaryVI. Questions
I. Problem DescriptionII. Client DescriptionIII. MethodologyIV. Deliverables
i. Scenario Analysisii. Client Toolsiii. POD Handbook
V. Summary
April 17, 2008 15
V. SummaryVI. Questions
Deliverables: AnalysisDeliverables: Analysis
• POD placement with respect to proportion of population needing service.
100% of population served• 39 PODs Operating
80% of population served
• 28 PODs Operating
60% of population served• 18 PODs Operating
Fulton County Map of Locations
April 17, 2008 16
• 39 PODs Operating• 28 PODs Operating• 18 PODs Operating
POD Location
Legend
Figure 4: Fulton County city map using GIS data sectioned by Census tract.
Deliverables: AnalysisDeliverables: Analysis
30 Day Costs by Category
Customer Travel Cost7%
Shipment Cost1%
Resource Cost7%
April 17, 2008 17
Figure 11: 30 Day cost analysis
Lost Productivity
Cost85%
Deliverables: AnalysisDeliverables: Analysis
$600,000,000
$800,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,200,000,000
30 Day Cost by Population
April 17, 2008 18
$0
$200,000,000
$400,000,000
$600,000,000
60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 120%
Percent Population
1 Month 3 Months 6 Months
Figure 12: 30 Day cost analysis
Deliverables: Client ToolsDeliverables: Client Tools
Thursday April 17, 2008Point of Distribution Location 6
Service Points
LanesHours of
OperationShift Length
Servers per Point
Reserves %
25 5 14 12 1 0.5
Time of Day Managers Team Leaders ServersReserve Servers
Forklift Operators
Pallet Jack Operators
SecurityPublic
Relations
6am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 8
LABORERS
April 17, 2008 19
6am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 8
7am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 88am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 89am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 8
10am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 811am 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 8
12pm 1 5 25 13 5 6 8 8���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����
���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����
���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����
Totals 2 10 50 26 10 13 16 1676
Methodology: Water Replenishment ScheduleMethodology: Water Replenishment Schedule
– Assigned demand– Gallons given per resident– Days between orders– Safety Stock
Inputs
Outputs
• Fixed Period Ordering Policy– Single location– Constant demand
– No stock outs
April 17, 2008 20
– Order quantity– Quantity of full load trucks– Quantity of less than load trucks– Travel cost– Scheduled arrival of orders
Deliverables: Client ToolsDeliverables: Client Tools
Opening Information
Opening Inventory
Gallons per Person
Day between Orders
Thursday April 17, 2008Point of Distribution Location 6
Gallons to Order
Trucks Required
Partial Trucks
Forecasted Demand Analysis
25,776 Gallons
5 Trucks
1 Truck
22,976 Gallons
1 Gallon
1 Day
April 17, 2008
Demand
Closing Information
Order Received
Ending Inventory
20,000 Gallons
2,809 Gallons
Travel Cost
User Input Demand Analysis
$ 2,146.25
Gallons to Order
Trucks Required
Partial Trucks
Travel Cost
Safety Stock % 10 %
21
26,879 Gallons
6 Trucks
0 Truck
$ 3,740.75
26,879 Gallons
Deliverables: Client ToolsDeliverables: Client ToolsAtlanta-Fulton County
Emergency Management AgencyWater Distribution Plan
12 4 12
Spring 2008
Georgia Institute of TechnologyPoint of Distribution Handbook
AFCEMA Water Distribution Plan
Northeast Regional Library
9560 Spruill Road, Johns Creek 30022
April 17, 2008
Point of Distribution Handbook
22
Resource List QuantityForklifts 1Pallet Jacks 2Flood Lights 3
Labor List 14 Hour 24 HourTeam Leader 4 4Loaders 24 32Fork Lift Oper. 2 3
SummarySummary
• Identified 39 PODs and 2 LSAs.• Mapped out each POD location.• Forecasted 2008 population.• Derived arrival rates from traffic data.• Determined expected wait times.• Calculated opening and operating POD costs.• Optimized POD placement for various scenarios.
April 17, 2008 23
• Developed labor scheduling and water reorder tool.
ConclusionConclusion
• The largest cost to Fulton County will be the economic impact due to loss of productivity.
• Opening all 39 locations will serve 100% of the population.– 225 trucks needed each day– 1,013,450 gallons of water– $3.8 million to open and operate PODs for 30 days– Public awareness campaign
April 17, 2008 24
– Public awareness campaign
QuestionsQuestions
April 17, 2008 25
