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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center
Tinnitus Program
Steven L Benton AuD
Revised March 2013
1670 Clairmont Road
Decatur GA 30033
Ph 404-235-3036
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 1
Triage
1 On the standard case history form patients are asked if they have tinnitus and to describe
the sound they perceive As noted those who experience tinnitus are asked to grade the
severity of their tinnitus using the THI-based grade levels described by McCombe et al
(2001)
2 Patients also are asked to describe how often they hear the tinnitus Patients may have
difficulty with this task
a Audiologists are encouraged to guide patients to provide an awareness
percentage (percentage of waking hours the patient hears the tinnitus)
b Otherwise audiologists may ask ldquo how often do you hear your tinnitus Once a
day once a weekhelliprdquo and ldquohow long does it last when you hear it A few
seconds a few minuteshelliprdquo
3 Patients who grade the tinnitus a 1 2 or 3 typically require no further tinnitus assessment
4 Patients who grade the tinnitus a 4 or 5 require further tinnitus screening
a The Tinnitus Severity Index or TSI (Meikle 1995) is completed This questionnaire
is best completed in an INTERVIEW FORMAT rather than by PAPERPENCIL
Patients often confuse hearing problems with tinnitus problems Interview
format allows the audiologist to maintain a focus on issues related to tinnitus
not hearing loss
b The questionnaire includes a 0-10 visual analog scale as well where 0 means
my tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means my tinnitus is the biggest
problem you can imagine
c Benton (2013) reported that a linear regression completed to evaluate the
predictive relationships between the independent variables 0-10 Problem and 1-
5 Tinnitus Grade and the dependent variable TSI Score resulted in the finding
that Not all of the independent variables appear necessary The following
appear to account for the ability to predict TSI (P lt 005) 0-10 VArdquoAs a result
the clinic now uses ONLY the 0-10 VAS as its single Triage measure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 2
Audiological Evaluation
1 Comprehensive audiological assessment is completed
a Immittance
b Tympanometry
c Acoustic reflexes and reflex decay
i The possibility of loudness tolerance problems requires that reflex
measurement be begun at very low presentation levels
ii Patients should be instructed that if they cannot tolerate the tones
they should notify the audiologist and the test will be discontinued
immediately as a result accurate measurement of reflex thresholds
or reflex decay may not be possible
d Spondee thresholds
e Pure-tone thresholds
i If thresholds are normal from 25-8 kHz
1 Measure ultra high-frequency thresholds (9 10 112 125 kHz)
2 Measurement of DPOAEs is minimally helpful and is not
recommended Benton (2013) reported that up to 60 of normal-
hearing tinnitus patients have normal DPOAEs across all tested
frequencies depending on the criterion used Such poor specificity
and sensitivity renders the standard DPOAES useless
f Word-recognition scores (PI-PB function if indicated)
2 If the patient is unwilling or unable to provide valid behavioral test results further tinnitus
management is not possible Do not refer to Tinnitus Group Education
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
a Invalidfunctionalnonorganic results preclude appropriate counseling regarding
environmental sound enrichment as well as any other management strategy all
of which utilize sound and require accurate hearing threshold information
b Invalid voluntary responses also call into question the validity of tinnitus
complaints Counseling regarding the negative impact of invalid behavioral
responses on provision of tinnitus management services should be provided
c The audiologist should make every attempt to obtain valid behavioral responses
through retest following reinstruction in test procedures and counseling
regarding observed intra- and inter-test inconsistencies
d If invalid responses do not resolve retest at another time may be considered at
the audiologists discretion andor per clinic policy
3 All tinnitus findings are noted appropriately in the Tinnitus Section of the Audiology
Assessment Progress Note template
4 At this point regardless of responses to the Tinnitus Grading Scale and any score on the
Tinnitus Severity Index after audiologic evaluation all tinnitus patients should receive
a Appropriate counseling AND
b Assistive devices (eg Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kit) if indicated
ANDOR
c Hearing aids if appropriate
5 Regarding the Marsona Bedside Sound Generator and Kit
a Demonstration of the device and available accessories is recommended
b Provision of the complete kit rather than individual items is strongly encouraged
During Tinnitus Group Education Class the vast majority of veterans who did not
receive the entire kit from their primary audiologist request the other
components when they hear of the benefits other veterans receive from the
various accessories
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i The audiologist should immediately put in the appropriate consult
request to Prosthetics and instruct the veteran to pick up the kit there in
person
ii If the veteranrsquos appointment ends after 430pm Prosthetics will be
closed In such cases Prosthetics should be instructed to mail the kit and
the veteran should be instructed to expect the kit within 3 weeks of their
audiological evaluation appointment In the event the kit is not received
within 3 weeks the veteran should contact Prosthetics directly to inquire
c Audiologists are encouraged to provide the Marsona Kit handout and the Helpful
Tinnitus Information handout for the patientrsquos reference at home
6 If hearing aids are not appropriate schedule for Tinnitus Group Education if Triage criteria
are met
a Provision of the bedside sound generator and any accessories is NOT an
acceptable substitute for Tinnitus Group Education unless the patients ONLY
complaint is sleep disturbance and the patient concurs that attending Tinnitus
Group Education is not warranted
b NOTE Current hearing aid technology has expanded fitting ranges Careful
consideration should be given to providing hearing aids to patients whose
hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or whose high-frequency thresholds
are 30-35 dB HL given the proven significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this
population (Parazzini et al 2011)
7 If hearing aids are appropriate
a Although the conventional wisdom is that open fittings should be recommended
for tinnitus patients the main focus of the fitting should be audibility of
environmental sounds appropriate acoustic coupling for the individual patient
should be the primary consideration Progressive Tinnitus Management is based
upon the use of sound to manage tinnitus For sound to be effective it must be
audible
b Real-ear verification is required to assure that environmental sounds are audible
to the patient For tinnitus patients it is not JUST about speech
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 1
Triage
1 On the standard case history form patients are asked if they have tinnitus and to describe
the sound they perceive As noted those who experience tinnitus are asked to grade the
severity of their tinnitus using the THI-based grade levels described by McCombe et al
(2001)
2 Patients also are asked to describe how often they hear the tinnitus Patients may have
difficulty with this task
a Audiologists are encouraged to guide patients to provide an awareness
percentage (percentage of waking hours the patient hears the tinnitus)
b Otherwise audiologists may ask ldquo how often do you hear your tinnitus Once a
day once a weekhelliprdquo and ldquohow long does it last when you hear it A few
seconds a few minuteshelliprdquo
3 Patients who grade the tinnitus a 1 2 or 3 typically require no further tinnitus assessment
4 Patients who grade the tinnitus a 4 or 5 require further tinnitus screening
a The Tinnitus Severity Index or TSI (Meikle 1995) is completed This questionnaire
is best completed in an INTERVIEW FORMAT rather than by PAPERPENCIL
Patients often confuse hearing problems with tinnitus problems Interview
format allows the audiologist to maintain a focus on issues related to tinnitus
not hearing loss
b The questionnaire includes a 0-10 visual analog scale as well where 0 means
my tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means my tinnitus is the biggest
problem you can imagine
c Benton (2013) reported that a linear regression completed to evaluate the
predictive relationships between the independent variables 0-10 Problem and 1-
5 Tinnitus Grade and the dependent variable TSI Score resulted in the finding
that Not all of the independent variables appear necessary The following
appear to account for the ability to predict TSI (P lt 005) 0-10 VArdquoAs a result
the clinic now uses ONLY the 0-10 VAS as its single Triage measure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 2
Audiological Evaluation
1 Comprehensive audiological assessment is completed
a Immittance
b Tympanometry
c Acoustic reflexes and reflex decay
i The possibility of loudness tolerance problems requires that reflex
measurement be begun at very low presentation levels
ii Patients should be instructed that if they cannot tolerate the tones
they should notify the audiologist and the test will be discontinued
immediately as a result accurate measurement of reflex thresholds
or reflex decay may not be possible
d Spondee thresholds
e Pure-tone thresholds
i If thresholds are normal from 25-8 kHz
1 Measure ultra high-frequency thresholds (9 10 112 125 kHz)
2 Measurement of DPOAEs is minimally helpful and is not
recommended Benton (2013) reported that up to 60 of normal-
hearing tinnitus patients have normal DPOAEs across all tested
frequencies depending on the criterion used Such poor specificity
and sensitivity renders the standard DPOAES useless
f Word-recognition scores (PI-PB function if indicated)
2 If the patient is unwilling or unable to provide valid behavioral test results further tinnitus
management is not possible Do not refer to Tinnitus Group Education
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
a Invalidfunctionalnonorganic results preclude appropriate counseling regarding
environmental sound enrichment as well as any other management strategy all
of which utilize sound and require accurate hearing threshold information
b Invalid voluntary responses also call into question the validity of tinnitus
complaints Counseling regarding the negative impact of invalid behavioral
responses on provision of tinnitus management services should be provided
c The audiologist should make every attempt to obtain valid behavioral responses
through retest following reinstruction in test procedures and counseling
regarding observed intra- and inter-test inconsistencies
d If invalid responses do not resolve retest at another time may be considered at
the audiologists discretion andor per clinic policy
3 All tinnitus findings are noted appropriately in the Tinnitus Section of the Audiology
Assessment Progress Note template
4 At this point regardless of responses to the Tinnitus Grading Scale and any score on the
Tinnitus Severity Index after audiologic evaluation all tinnitus patients should receive
a Appropriate counseling AND
b Assistive devices (eg Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kit) if indicated
ANDOR
c Hearing aids if appropriate
5 Regarding the Marsona Bedside Sound Generator and Kit
a Demonstration of the device and available accessories is recommended
b Provision of the complete kit rather than individual items is strongly encouraged
During Tinnitus Group Education Class the vast majority of veterans who did not
receive the entire kit from their primary audiologist request the other
components when they hear of the benefits other veterans receive from the
various accessories
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i The audiologist should immediately put in the appropriate consult
request to Prosthetics and instruct the veteran to pick up the kit there in
person
ii If the veteranrsquos appointment ends after 430pm Prosthetics will be
closed In such cases Prosthetics should be instructed to mail the kit and
the veteran should be instructed to expect the kit within 3 weeks of their
audiological evaluation appointment In the event the kit is not received
within 3 weeks the veteran should contact Prosthetics directly to inquire
c Audiologists are encouraged to provide the Marsona Kit handout and the Helpful
Tinnitus Information handout for the patientrsquos reference at home
6 If hearing aids are not appropriate schedule for Tinnitus Group Education if Triage criteria
are met
a Provision of the bedside sound generator and any accessories is NOT an
acceptable substitute for Tinnitus Group Education unless the patients ONLY
complaint is sleep disturbance and the patient concurs that attending Tinnitus
Group Education is not warranted
b NOTE Current hearing aid technology has expanded fitting ranges Careful
consideration should be given to providing hearing aids to patients whose
hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or whose high-frequency thresholds
are 30-35 dB HL given the proven significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this
population (Parazzini et al 2011)
7 If hearing aids are appropriate
a Although the conventional wisdom is that open fittings should be recommended
for tinnitus patients the main focus of the fitting should be audibility of
environmental sounds appropriate acoustic coupling for the individual patient
should be the primary consideration Progressive Tinnitus Management is based
upon the use of sound to manage tinnitus For sound to be effective it must be
audible
b Real-ear verification is required to assure that environmental sounds are audible
to the patient For tinnitus patients it is not JUST about speech
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 2
Audiological Evaluation
1 Comprehensive audiological assessment is completed
a Immittance
b Tympanometry
c Acoustic reflexes and reflex decay
i The possibility of loudness tolerance problems requires that reflex
measurement be begun at very low presentation levels
ii Patients should be instructed that if they cannot tolerate the tones
they should notify the audiologist and the test will be discontinued
immediately as a result accurate measurement of reflex thresholds
or reflex decay may not be possible
d Spondee thresholds
e Pure-tone thresholds
i If thresholds are normal from 25-8 kHz
1 Measure ultra high-frequency thresholds (9 10 112 125 kHz)
2 Measurement of DPOAEs is minimally helpful and is not
recommended Benton (2013) reported that up to 60 of normal-
hearing tinnitus patients have normal DPOAEs across all tested
frequencies depending on the criterion used Such poor specificity
and sensitivity renders the standard DPOAES useless
f Word-recognition scores (PI-PB function if indicated)
2 If the patient is unwilling or unable to provide valid behavioral test results further tinnitus
management is not possible Do not refer to Tinnitus Group Education
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
a Invalidfunctionalnonorganic results preclude appropriate counseling regarding
environmental sound enrichment as well as any other management strategy all
of which utilize sound and require accurate hearing threshold information
b Invalid voluntary responses also call into question the validity of tinnitus
complaints Counseling regarding the negative impact of invalid behavioral
responses on provision of tinnitus management services should be provided
c The audiologist should make every attempt to obtain valid behavioral responses
through retest following reinstruction in test procedures and counseling
regarding observed intra- and inter-test inconsistencies
d If invalid responses do not resolve retest at another time may be considered at
the audiologists discretion andor per clinic policy
3 All tinnitus findings are noted appropriately in the Tinnitus Section of the Audiology
Assessment Progress Note template
4 At this point regardless of responses to the Tinnitus Grading Scale and any score on the
Tinnitus Severity Index after audiologic evaluation all tinnitus patients should receive
a Appropriate counseling AND
b Assistive devices (eg Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kit) if indicated
ANDOR
c Hearing aids if appropriate
5 Regarding the Marsona Bedside Sound Generator and Kit
a Demonstration of the device and available accessories is recommended
b Provision of the complete kit rather than individual items is strongly encouraged
During Tinnitus Group Education Class the vast majority of veterans who did not
receive the entire kit from their primary audiologist request the other
components when they hear of the benefits other veterans receive from the
various accessories
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i The audiologist should immediately put in the appropriate consult
request to Prosthetics and instruct the veteran to pick up the kit there in
person
ii If the veteranrsquos appointment ends after 430pm Prosthetics will be
closed In such cases Prosthetics should be instructed to mail the kit and
the veteran should be instructed to expect the kit within 3 weeks of their
audiological evaluation appointment In the event the kit is not received
within 3 weeks the veteran should contact Prosthetics directly to inquire
c Audiologists are encouraged to provide the Marsona Kit handout and the Helpful
Tinnitus Information handout for the patientrsquos reference at home
6 If hearing aids are not appropriate schedule for Tinnitus Group Education if Triage criteria
are met
a Provision of the bedside sound generator and any accessories is NOT an
acceptable substitute for Tinnitus Group Education unless the patients ONLY
complaint is sleep disturbance and the patient concurs that attending Tinnitus
Group Education is not warranted
b NOTE Current hearing aid technology has expanded fitting ranges Careful
consideration should be given to providing hearing aids to patients whose
hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or whose high-frequency thresholds
are 30-35 dB HL given the proven significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this
population (Parazzini et al 2011)
7 If hearing aids are appropriate
a Although the conventional wisdom is that open fittings should be recommended
for tinnitus patients the main focus of the fitting should be audibility of
environmental sounds appropriate acoustic coupling for the individual patient
should be the primary consideration Progressive Tinnitus Management is based
upon the use of sound to manage tinnitus For sound to be effective it must be
audible
b Real-ear verification is required to assure that environmental sounds are audible
to the patient For tinnitus patients it is not JUST about speech
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
a Invalidfunctionalnonorganic results preclude appropriate counseling regarding
environmental sound enrichment as well as any other management strategy all
of which utilize sound and require accurate hearing threshold information
b Invalid voluntary responses also call into question the validity of tinnitus
complaints Counseling regarding the negative impact of invalid behavioral
responses on provision of tinnitus management services should be provided
c The audiologist should make every attempt to obtain valid behavioral responses
through retest following reinstruction in test procedures and counseling
regarding observed intra- and inter-test inconsistencies
d If invalid responses do not resolve retest at another time may be considered at
the audiologists discretion andor per clinic policy
3 All tinnitus findings are noted appropriately in the Tinnitus Section of the Audiology
Assessment Progress Note template
4 At this point regardless of responses to the Tinnitus Grading Scale and any score on the
Tinnitus Severity Index after audiologic evaluation all tinnitus patients should receive
a Appropriate counseling AND
b Assistive devices (eg Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kit) if indicated
ANDOR
c Hearing aids if appropriate
5 Regarding the Marsona Bedside Sound Generator and Kit
a Demonstration of the device and available accessories is recommended
b Provision of the complete kit rather than individual items is strongly encouraged
During Tinnitus Group Education Class the vast majority of veterans who did not
receive the entire kit from their primary audiologist request the other
components when they hear of the benefits other veterans receive from the
various accessories
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i The audiologist should immediately put in the appropriate consult
request to Prosthetics and instruct the veteran to pick up the kit there in
person
ii If the veteranrsquos appointment ends after 430pm Prosthetics will be
closed In such cases Prosthetics should be instructed to mail the kit and
the veteran should be instructed to expect the kit within 3 weeks of their
audiological evaluation appointment In the event the kit is not received
within 3 weeks the veteran should contact Prosthetics directly to inquire
c Audiologists are encouraged to provide the Marsona Kit handout and the Helpful
Tinnitus Information handout for the patientrsquos reference at home
6 If hearing aids are not appropriate schedule for Tinnitus Group Education if Triage criteria
are met
a Provision of the bedside sound generator and any accessories is NOT an
acceptable substitute for Tinnitus Group Education unless the patients ONLY
complaint is sleep disturbance and the patient concurs that attending Tinnitus
Group Education is not warranted
b NOTE Current hearing aid technology has expanded fitting ranges Careful
consideration should be given to providing hearing aids to patients whose
hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or whose high-frequency thresholds
are 30-35 dB HL given the proven significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this
population (Parazzini et al 2011)
7 If hearing aids are appropriate
a Although the conventional wisdom is that open fittings should be recommended
for tinnitus patients the main focus of the fitting should be audibility of
environmental sounds appropriate acoustic coupling for the individual patient
should be the primary consideration Progressive Tinnitus Management is based
upon the use of sound to manage tinnitus For sound to be effective it must be
audible
b Real-ear verification is required to assure that environmental sounds are audible
to the patient For tinnitus patients it is not JUST about speech
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i The audiologist should immediately put in the appropriate consult
request to Prosthetics and instruct the veteran to pick up the kit there in
person
ii If the veteranrsquos appointment ends after 430pm Prosthetics will be
closed In such cases Prosthetics should be instructed to mail the kit and
the veteran should be instructed to expect the kit within 3 weeks of their
audiological evaluation appointment In the event the kit is not received
within 3 weeks the veteran should contact Prosthetics directly to inquire
c Audiologists are encouraged to provide the Marsona Kit handout and the Helpful
Tinnitus Information handout for the patientrsquos reference at home
6 If hearing aids are not appropriate schedule for Tinnitus Group Education if Triage criteria
are met
a Provision of the bedside sound generator and any accessories is NOT an
acceptable substitute for Tinnitus Group Education unless the patients ONLY
complaint is sleep disturbance and the patient concurs that attending Tinnitus
Group Education is not warranted
b NOTE Current hearing aid technology has expanded fitting ranges Careful
consideration should be given to providing hearing aids to patients whose
hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or whose high-frequency thresholds
are 30-35 dB HL given the proven significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this
population (Parazzini et al 2011)
7 If hearing aids are appropriate
a Although the conventional wisdom is that open fittings should be recommended
for tinnitus patients the main focus of the fitting should be audibility of
environmental sounds appropriate acoustic coupling for the individual patient
should be the primary consideration Progressive Tinnitus Management is based
upon the use of sound to manage tinnitus For sound to be effective it must be
audible
b Real-ear verification is required to assure that environmental sounds are audible
to the patient For tinnitus patients it is not JUST about speech
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Ricketts (JDVAC 2011) demonstrated that subjective fittings that rely
solely on the patients input regarding pleasantness or naturalness of the
hearing aid sound typically result in grossly inadequate gain
ii Manufacturersrsquo ldquofirst fitrdquo algorithms typically do not provide appropriate
amplification most often there is a gross under-fit relative to NALNL1
prescriptive gain targets
iii Although speech mapping is a valid tool for verifying the audibility of
speech comparison of hearing aids fit by this method compared to the
same aids fit using NALNL1 prescribed gain targets (65 dB SPL input)
reveal that speech mapping typically provides substantially less
amplification for soft and moderate inputs Traditional real-ear measures
(REIG) are recommended
c Maximum output of the aids must be verified to account for any tolerance
problems To evaluate both the effect of various algorithms on impulse sounds
as well as MPO loud clapping and very loud talking in the office have proven
effective
d Advanced features must be carefully considered during the fitting
i Expansion should be turned off or minimized (increasing gain for very soft
sounds) to avoid placing the patient in situations of distressing silence
where perceived tinnitus severity may be enhanced
ii Frequency-lowering methods differ significantly among the three on-
contract vendors offering this feature Non-linear frequency compression
limits high-frequency output above the cut-off frequency whereas
spectral feature identification does not Although no research exists to
suggest that either is better or worse for tinnitus patients (let alone that
either provides significant real-world benefit) limiting output in the high
frequencies where auditory contrast may most be needed may be a less
effective strategy for tinnitus patients
iii Experience with learning volume controls suggests that many patients ndash
especially new users ndash progressively turn their aids down and may
eventually reach the point of minimal if any amplification over time
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Although this concern has been addressed by some manufacturers who
limit the maximum adjustment over time their aids can learn
audiologists are encouraged strongly to consider the possible impact of
learning VC on sound input for tinnitus patients
iv The possible impact of fast-acting noise management algorithms that
purport to reduce sound input between the syllables of speech also
should be carefully evaluated
v Data-log capabilities vary significantly among different brands of hearing
aids Some hearing aids provide average input data which can be useful in
counseling regarding environmental sound enrichment
vi Availability of accessories such as media streamers should be considered
when recommending hearing aids as a means of facilitating the use of
sound to manage tinnitus
e During the aid delivery but after programming while evaluating subjective
response to the aid(s) audiologists should inquire about any tinnitus relief
i How is your tinnitus now with your new hearing aids in place
ii The following numerical scale has proven useful On a scale of 0-10
where 0 means My hearing aids provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means
My hearing aids provide complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate
your tinnitus right now Notate the immediate effect of the aids on the
tinnitus if any in the CPRS progress note
iii
1 Veteran was asked to utilize a 0-10 scale to assess the impact of
the new hearing aids on the tinnitus where 0 means My hearing
aids provide no tinnitus relief and 10 means My hearing aids
provide complete tinnitus relief Veteran rated the relief from
the hearing aids a _ confirming that the aid(s) areare not
providing adequate tinnitus relief
f HEARING AIDS MUST BE FIT AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR TINNITUS RELIEF
MUST BE EVALUATED PRIOR TO SCHEDULING FOR TINNITUS GROUP
EDUCATION
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
i Previous review of responses from hearing-impaired tinnitus patients at
the Atlanta VA indicates that 82 reported at least some tinnitus relief
from their hearing aids and fully 56 reported moderate to
majorcomplete relief from their hearing aids
ii If the patient reports no tinnitus relief during the fitting counsel
appropriately but do not schedule Tinnitus Group Education until after
the patient returns the IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire 30 days later
The patients experiences in the sound-filled real world may differ
substantially from those in the quiet office
1 If the tinnitus patient returns the questionnaire and marks that
tinnitus relief is a 5 or less schedule the patient for Tinnitus
Group Education
2 An addendum to the HAE note must be added to document the
IOI-HASatisfaction questionnaire responses and whether or not
Tinnitus Group Education was scheduled
g All patients who are referred to Tinnitus Group Education in person should be
given a copy of the handout ldquoWhy Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classesrdquo
Audiologists should be prepared to answer any questions about the potential
benefits of attendance
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 3
Group Education
1 Group Education Class 1 (currently held on the second Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Prior to the beginning of the class
i Patients are provided an envelope that they address to themselves This
envelope is later used to mail the Group Education outcome measure to
the patient
ii Patients are guided through completion of the Tinnitus Functional Index
or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) and the Physical Health Questionnaire or PHQ9
(Kroenke et al 2001) A different questionnaire previously utilized in the
Audiology Group Education session for baseline and outcome
measurement was the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et
al 1991)
iii Patients are guided to provide estimates of the percentage of waking
hours that they are aware of their tinnitus (the Awareness ) and the
percentage of waking hours that they hear their tinnitus that it actually
disturbs them (the Disturbance ) on average over the past two weeks
These two values then are multiplied to calculate the Total Disturbance
the percentage of waking hours the veteran is disturbed by the
tinnitus
iv Benton (in progress) demonstrated a powerful correlation between
scores on the TFI and the PHQ9 The PHQ9 is a screening instrument for
depression for use by non-mental healthcare providers
1 Atlanta VA policy recommends that non-mental healthcare
providers complete the PHQ9 if a patient demonstrates suicidal
ideation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
2 Benton (2010) reported that 33 of patients attending Group
Education reported suicidal ideation as a result of tinnitus based
on responses to Question 24 of the Tinnitus Reaction
Questionnaire or TRQ (Wilson et al 1991) the instrument
previously used for baseline and outcome measurements This
observation resulted in mental health screening via the PHQ9
being integrated into the Atlanta VA Tinnitus Program
3 Audiologists are encouraged to pursue an understanding of the
scoring guide to the PHQ9 and to utilize it only if they are
comfortable doing so
4 Based on the results of the PHQ9 primary care andor mental
health providers are added as cosigners to the Group Education
progress note and appropriate referrals are made
v The utility of the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey or THS (Henry et al 2008) is
being evaluated at this time Data thus far indicate that the majority of
tinnitus patients with clinically normal hearing thresholds respond that
hearing difficulty causes more problems than the tinnitus The findings
thus far suggest that the Tinnitus-Hearing Survey is not a helpful measure
and so it is not used
vi Patients are guided to estimate the percentage of waking hours that they
are aware of their tinnitus (Awareness Value) and the percentage of
the time they are aware of their tinnitus that it is truly disturbing
(Disturbance Value) These values are multiplied together to obtain a
single Total Disturbance value as a baseline measure
c Interactive slide presentation
i Various additional handouts are provided
ii Suicide prevention hotline information is included
1 Any attendees who respond positively to question 9 of the PHQ9
(ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be better off
deadrdquo) are spoken to privately after the session and are offered
walk-in services at the Mental Health Clinic the audiologist
accompanies the patient if required or desired
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
iv The use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different
problem situations is discussed and patients are guided to create Sound
Plans as a means of systematically evaluating different sounds for their
tinnitus-management effectiveness
v Homework is assigned (implementation and evaluation of Sound Plans)
and patients are reminded to be prepared to discuss their experiences at
the next session
d The Tinnitus Management Workbook (Henry et al 2010) is provided to each
attendee along with a demonstration of the CD and DVD included in each
workbook
e Progress note is entered into CPRS including information about mental health
diagnoses and hearing aid status are included
2 Group Education Class 2 (currently held on the fourth Tuesday of each month)
a Two hours in length
b Review of previously provided information
i The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus disturbance
(discordant damagedysfunction theory and neurophysiological model of
tinnitus)
ii Use of different types of sound to manage tinnitus in different problem
situations
iii Use of Sound Plans to systematically evaluate different sounds for their
effectiveness in providing tinnitus relief
c Review and discussion of homework - Sound Plan experiences
d Interactive slide presentation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
e Various additional handouts are provided
f Progress note is completed
3 Outcome Measurement
a Four weeks after Class 2 all patients are mailed two outcome questionnaires
Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT (VA NCRAR 2010) and
the PHQ9
i A cover letter is included that asks the patients to provide comments and
to share examples of any Sound Plans theyve utilized Relaxation
Exercises from which theyve benefited Pleasant Activities theyve tried
and how they may have been Changing Thoughts and Reactions to
Tinnitus General comments regarding their subjective impression of the
classes also are requested Finally the cover letter includes the critical
question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance working with your
tinnitus YES NOrdquo
ii The outcome measure is sent to the patient using the self-addressed
envelope created at Class 1 A pre-addressed VA business-reply envelope
is included to facilitate return of the questionnaire at no charge to the
patient
b A total score is calculated for the SMRT
i All responses are added and divided by the number of questions
answered Total SMRT scores range from 0-10
ii The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of the
items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item
Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric data revealed
a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple chronic
diseases More recent normative data are available for a German version
of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean score of 67among
244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
iv The SMRT questionnaire also includes questions asking the veteran to
estimate his or her average Awareness and Disturbance for the
previous week
c Total Disturbance values also are calculated and compared
d Question 9 of the PHQ9 (ldquoThoughts of hurting yourself or that you might be
better off deadrdquo) is given special consideration with proper notation in the
progress note with cosigners added as noted before if indicated
e Those patients who attended only Class 1 and who fail to demonstrate adequate
confidence based on SMRT responses andor Total Disturbance are
rescheduled for Class 2
f Patients are scheduled for an Individual Tinnitus Consultation if they attended
both classes and
i Fail to demonstrate adequate confidence indicated by a total SMRT score
of lt 56
ii Respond YES to the question ldquoDo you feel you need further assistance
working with your tinnitusrdquo
g NOTE it is not infrequent that patients will respond they do not feel they need
further assistance working with their tinnitus even though the SMRT and Total
Disturbance suggest otherwise In these cases the veteran is NOT scheduled
for Individual Tinnitus Consultation
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 4
Individual Tinnitus Consultation
1 The Individual Tinnitus Consultation varies depending on hearing aid status
2 For aided tinnitus patients optimal amplification must be verified
a These patients should have provided low responses on the 0-10 scale of tinnitus
relief related to hearing aids If their scores were 70 or greater they should have
exited PTM at Level 2 (prior to Level 3 Group Education)
b Please review the hearing aid considerations for tinnitus patients discussed
above
c Different audiologists often have different orientations to hearing aid fittings
especially when it comes to verification of amplification It is therefore typical to
observe substantial differences in fitting paradigms and therefore in fitting
results
d Recommended procedure during the Individual Tinnitus Consultation
i Perform real ear measures to verify current aid performance
ii Adjust the aidsrsquo performance to NALNL1 prescribed gain values
iii NOTE NALNL1 is based on monaural fittings As a result most patients
will remark that while their binaural aids sound good when fit to NALNL1
they are too loud Reducing binaural overall gain by 4 dB usually results
more comfortable loudness and better sound quality When adequate
high-frequency gain cannot be attained gain reduction should be limited
to those frequencies where target was matched
iv After programming adjustments the audiologist should inquire about
tinnitus relief On a scale of 0-10 where 0 means My hearing aids
provide no tinnitus reliefrdquo and 10 means My hearing aids provide
complete tinnitus reliefrdquo how would you rate your tinnitus right now
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
v In our experience most patients will report far better tinnitus relief if
substantial adjustments were required For most aided tinnitus patients
hearing aid reprogramming is all that is required to facilitate successful
tinnitus management
3 For unaided tinnitus patients completion of any required aspects of the audiologic
evaluation should be completed including ultra-high frequency thresholds For most
ldquonormal-hearingrdquo tinnitus patients (thresholds lt 25 dB HL at 250-8000 Hz) abnormal
thresholds will be observed between 9000-12000 Hz
a Review the patients audiological test results
b Again owing to differences in various audiologistsrsquo orientations to amplification
it is typical to meet with a patient whose hearing is abnormal only at 4kHz and
above or even at 6kHz and above or have abnormal thresholds of only 30-35 dB
in the high frequencies Careful consideration should be given to providing
hearing aids to patients whose hearing levels are normal through 3000 Hz or
whose high-frequency thresholds are 30-35 dB HL given the potential for
significant tinnitus relief with aid use in this population
c
d For those hearing-impaired patients who declined recommended amplification
at the original audiologic evaluation appointment intensive counseling should
be provided to encourage the patient to undergo trial use of amplification since
hearing aid use is the least intensive and often most successful tinnitus
management strategy
e The patients Completed Sound Plans and Changing Thoughts and Feelings
Worksheets are examined reviewed and discussed
i If the patient demonstrates that he or she has not made a good faith
effort to implement the discussed strategies Intensive counseling
inability or unwillingness to at least try the various easy strategies
suggests that the patient likely would not be compliant with either of
more intensive individual treatments (ie Tinnitus Retraining Therapy or
Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment) each of which requires substantially
greater patient effort
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ii If the patient has demonstrated attempts to implement the various
strategies and has not been able to manage the tinnitus successfully
i Review the patientrsquos SMRT responses and provide further review
and directive counseling
1 The underlying causes of tinnitus generation and tinnitus
disturbance (discordant damagedysfunction theory and
neurophysiological model of tinnitus) Relate the patients
audiological results to this discussion
2 Review and creation of additional Sound Plans to manage
tinnitus in different problem situations through systematic
evaluation of different sounds for their effectiveness in
providing tinnitus relief
b Aided patients whose aids have been reprogrammed should be
allowed another use period before further management services
are provided Typically the patient is given a 30-day follow-up
appointment at which time aided tinnitus relief is verified and
additional counseling is provided as appropriate
c Unaided tinnitus patients also may be given additional follow-up
appointment(s) as deemed appropriate
d For all patients additional appointments are considered PTM Level
5 Individualized Management
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Progressive Tinnitus Management (PTM) Level 5
Individualized Management
The audiologist must determine based on multiple patient-related factors whether or not the
use of specific device-oriented treatment becomes necessary Once the patients individualized
management method has been chosen proceed per the appropriate protocol
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Section Atlanta VA Audiology Clinic Case History Form
TINNITUS (RINGING BUZZING OR OTHER EAR OR HEAD NOISES)
Do you have tinnitus __NO TINNITUS __YES-RIGHT EAR ONLY __YES-BOTH EARS __YES-LEFT EAR ONLY
How does it sound __Ringing __Roaring __Hissing __Buzzing __Pulsing __Crickets __Other ___________________________________
When do you hear your tinnitus __ Rarely (0-10 of the time) __ Infrequently (11-25 of the time)
__ Sometimes (26-50 of the time) __ Frequently (51-80 of the time) __ Almost always (81-100 of the time)
IF YOU HAVE TINNITUS MARK THE STATEMENT THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR TINNITUS
___ Grade 1 I only notice my tinnitus in quiet environments It does not interfere with
my sleep or with my daily activities Im not really troubled by my tinnitus
___ Grade 2 My tinnitus is easily covered up by background sounds and easily forgotten
during activities It may rarely interfere with my sleep but it does not interfere
with my daily activities or quality of life
___ Grade 3 I hear my tinnitus even in the presence of background sounds but it doesnt
interfere with my daily activities My tinnitus is not quite as noticeable when Im
focused on other activities My tinnitus occasionally interferes with my sleep and
occasionally interferes with quiet activities
___ Grade 4 I hear my tinnitus almost always It is rarely if ever covered up by background
sounds My tinnitus regularly interferes with my sleep and can interfere with my
ability to carry out normal daily activities
___ Grade 5 My tinnitus is always disturbing It is a dominating problem that reduces my
overall quality of life
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is
the worst problem imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus
0 -------- 1 -------- 2 -------- 3 -------- 4 -------- 5 -------- 6 -------- 7-------- 8 -------- 9 -------- 10
Reference
McCombe et al (1999) Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity the results of a working
group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons
1999 Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences Oct 26(5) 388-93
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NO MP-KIT 1-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $18894 + $1250 Shipping = $17649 TOTAL
Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 3-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speakers Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set QTY 1 PRICE $23968 + $1350 Shipping = $25318 TOTAL
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Severity Index
(This form is best completed by the audiologist in an interview format)
Meikle MB Griest SE Stewart BJ Press LS Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus a brief
severity index (1995) Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 1995 167
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always
Does your tinnitus make you feel
irritable or nervous 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make you feel tired
or stressed 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult for
you to relax 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it
uncomfortable to be in a quiet room 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it difficult to
concentrate 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus make it harder to
interact pleasantly with others 1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
required activities (work home care or
other responsibilities)
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
social activities or other things you do in
your leisure time
1 2 3 4 5
Does your tinnitus interfere with your
overall enjoyment of life 1 2 3 4 5
How much of an effort is it for you to
ignore your tinnitus when you hear it
1
Can easily
ignore it
2
Some
effort
3
Considerable
effort
4
Can never
ignore it
How much discomfort do you usually
experience when your tinnitus is
present
1
No
discomfort
2
Mild
discomfort
3
Moderate
discomfort
4
A great deal
of
discomfort
Does your tinnitus interfere with sleep 1
No
2
Sometimes
3
Often
4
Always
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means that your tinnitus is not a problem at all and 10 means it is the worst problem
imaginable how do you rate your tinnitus 0 ---- 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ---- 4 ---- 5 ---- 6 ---- 7---- 8 ---- 9 ---- 10
Circle any factors below that apply (possible etiological or exacerbating factors)
Tinnitus runs in the family High doses of aspirin Ear problems Poor sleep fatigue Diabetes
Quinine or malaria drugs Blood flow condition High stress levels Mental health condition Lupus
Upper respiratory infection High blood pressure Noise exposure Thyroid condition Shingles
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
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TWO ITEMS
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TWO ITEMS
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This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Audiological Assessment Progress Note Tinnitus Section
Choices here are Rarely 0-10 of the time Infrequently 11-25 of the time Sometimes 26-50 of the time Frequently 51-70 of the time Most of the time 71-99 of the time Always 100 of the time
Choices here are No apparent need for specific tinnitus services Possible need for specific tinnitus services
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
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Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
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STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE)
Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
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Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Marsona Bedside Sound Generator Kits and Consult Templates
Hear Central LLC 6897 Rolling Acres Road Suite A Excelsior MN 55331
1-888-430-4327
VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
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Delivery Location Pick up at Prosthetics Department ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
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Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
TWO ITEMS
STOCK NO MP-KIT 5-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner Stereo Speaker Set 20-Foot Cord for Speaker Set Marsona Battery Pack Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $33456 + $1350 Shipping = $34806 TOTAL
This kit is stocked
by Prosthetics
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-KIT 7-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Includes Stereo Speaker Set Marsona Ear Buds 6-Foot Cord for Ear Buds Cover for PS-2 Speaker Set Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price 995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC-PS2 ITEM DESCRIPTION Stereo Speaker Set for Marsona 1288A with Cover QTY 1 Price $4390 + $1150 Shipping = $5540 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Additional Power Cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 PRICE $995 (NO EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE) Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108)
STOCK NUMBER MP-DIG-GEN ITEM DESCRIPTION Travel Sound Generator QTY 1 Price $9488 + $1250 Shipping = $10738 TOTAL Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-PC ITEM DESCRIPTION Cover for PS-2 speaker set QTY 1 Price $2495 + $1150 Shipping = $3645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-T1-TRANS ITEM DESCRIPTION Power cord for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $995 + $1150 Shipping = $2145 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NUMBER MP-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Battery Pack for Marsona 1288A QTY 1 Price $1495 + $1150 Shipping = $2645 TOTAL ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MP-1288A ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona 1288 A Programmable Sound Conditioner QTY 1 Price $11695 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN ALD Order VENDOR (Vendor ID) HEAR CENTRAL (18108) STOCK NO MA-9006 ITEM DESCRIPTION Marsona Battery Pack QTY 1 Price $1495 Delivery Location MAIL TO VETERAN
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Your Bedside Sound Generator
Most tinnitus patients tell us their tinnitus seems louder and more bothersome in silent places like
when they are trying to go to sleep A ticking clock in a sound-filled room sounds softer than the same
ticking clock in a very quiet or silent room In the same way tinnitus will sound softer in a sound-filled
room that in a silent room Your sound generator creates low-level relaxing nature sounds that make it
harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus and this makes it easier for you to relax and fall asleep
There are eight different nature sounds to choose from such as Thunderstorm Lake Shore and Country
Eve You may need to try different sounds to find the one that works best for you You also can add any
number of different overlay sounds such as Seagulls Frogs or Loons to make the nature sound more
realistic The overlay sounds occur randomly without warning If the overlay sounds are startling and not
beneficial turn the overlay sounds off
The sound generator has a one-hour timer we recommend that you DO NOT USE IT Let the device play
all night so that if you wake up you will hear a relaxing nature sound instead of just your tinnitus
Many patients report that using the separate speakers under their personal pillow makes the sound
generator even more helpful The speakers fit into Velcro pockets on the custom pillow cover allowing
the speakers to be removed so the pillow cover can be washed These accessories can be especially
useful if your sleeping partner does not want to hear the nature sounds
Remember the sound generator is designed to create LOW-LEVEL relaxing nature sounds The volume
of the nature sounds should never be turned up so loud that they actually cover up your tinnitus
How Do I Use the Different Parts of My Sound Generator Kit
Your kit comes with stereo pillow speakers an extension cord for the speakers and a battery pack These
items help you get the most use out of the sound generator For bedtime use set the sound generator
on your bedside table and plug the power cord and stereo speakers into the correct jacks on the back of
the device
The battery pack lets you move the sound generator to other places without climbing behind your bed
to unplug the first power cord Simply unplug the power cord and stereo speakers from the back of the
sound generator and carry it to any location where you wish to listen to it (such as your desk your
favorite recliner or for travel) Then plug the battery pack into the back of the sound generator in the
other location
Use the extension cord for earbuds if you need them You can easily return your sound generator to
your bedside by just plugging it back in to the other cords
You can use any headphones or earbuds that have a 18rdquo headphone jack with your bedside sound
generator as well Also you can plug your pillow speakers into any sound device with a standard 18rdquo
headphone jack such as a mp3 player a portable CD player or your cell phone) so you can enjoy other
soothing sounds
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Tinnitus Information
What is Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for the perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present It is often referred to as ringing in the ears although some people hear hissing roaring whistling chirping or clicking Tinnitus can be intermittent or constant-with single or multiple tones-and its perceived volume can range from subtle to shattering
How many people have tinnitus
The ATA estimates that over 50 million Americans experience tinnitus to some degree Of these about 12 million have severe enough tinnitus to seek medical attention And about two million patients are so seriously debilitated that they cannot function on a normal day-to-day basis I have heard two different pronunciations Which is correct
Tinnitus has two pronunciations tin-NIGHT-us or TIN-it-us Both are correct though the
American Tinnitus Association uses tin-NIGHT-us The word comes from Latin and means to
tinkle or to ring like a bell
What causes tinnitus
The exact physiological cause or causes of tinnitus are not known There are however several
likely sources all of which are known to trigger or worsen tinnitus
Noise-induced hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can damage and even destroy hair
cells called cilia in the inner ear Once damaged these hair cells cannot be renewed or
replaced Hearing loss can also be caused by excessive noise exposure Coincidentally
up to 90 of all tinnitus patients have some level of hearing loss
Wax build-up in the ear canal - The amount of wax ears produce varies by individual
Sometimes people produce enough wax that their hearing can be compromised or their
tinnitus can seem louder If you produce a lot of earwax speak to your physician about
having excess wax removed manually - not with a cotton swab but by a qualified health
care professional
Certain medications - Some medications are ototoxic-that is the medications are toxic
to the ear Other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging
the inner ear Effects which can depend on the dosage of the medication can be
temporary or permanent Before taking any medication make sure that your prescribing
physician is aware of your tinnitus and discuss alternative medications that may be
available
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Ear or sinus infections - Many people including children experience tinnitus along with
an ear or sinus infection Generally the tinnitus will lessen and gradually go away once
the infection is healed
Jaw misalignment - Some people have misaligned jaw joints or jaw muscles which can
not only induce tinnitus but also affect cranial muscles and nerves and shock absorbers
in the jaw joint Many dentists specialize in this temporomandibular jaw misalignment
and can provide assistance with treatment
Cardiovascular disease - Approximately 3 percent of tinnitus patients experience
pulsatile tinnitus people with pulsatile tinnitus typically hear a rhythmic pulsing often
in time with a heartbeat Pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a vascular
condition-where the blood flow through veins and arteries is compromised-like a heart
murmur hypertension or hardening of the arteries
Certain types of tumors - Very rarely people have a benign and slow-growing tumor on
their auditory vestibular or facial nerves These tumors can cause tinnitus deafness
facial paralysis and loss of balance
Head and neck trauma - Physical trauma to the head and neck can induce tinnitus Other
symptoms include headaches vertigo and memory loss
Certain disorders - such as hypo- or hyper-thyroidism lyme disease fibromyalgia and
thoracic outlet syndrome can have tinnitus as a symptom When tinnitus is a symptom
of another disorder treating the disorder can help alleviate the tinnitus
Do children get tinnitus
Tinnitus does not discriminate people of all ages experience tinnitus However tinnitus is not a
common complaint from children Children with tinnitus are less likely than adults to report
their experience in part because children with tinnitus are statistically more likely to have been
born with hearing loss They may not notice or be bothered by their tinnitus because they have
experienced it their entire lives
Children like people of all ages can be at risk for tinnitus if they are exposed to loud noises
Recreational events like fairs or car races or sports games can all include high-decibels activities
that can damage kids ears Hearing protection is always recommended as is a discussion about
the danger of loud noises and the choices kids have to turn it down or walk away
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
My neighborrsquos tinnitus doesnt bother her Mine drives me nuts Why the difference
Approximately 50 million Americans experience tinnitus but not everyone experiences it to the
same degree Some people hear ringing or other noises in their ears immediately following
exposure to excessive noise like right after a concert but the sound is temporary Other people
report hearing a slight noise all the time if they listen for it but most of the time cannot
distinguish the noise over all the other sounds in their environment Other factors can affect
the severity of the condition from patient to patient such as different degrees of hearing loss
and different kinds of noises heard Interestingly the loudness of the tinnitus when measured
in a laboratory setting did not correlate to the severity of the tinnitus as rated by the patients
themselves Every person has his or her own level of tolerance to the tinnitus sounds It is a
very personal and individual experience
Is tinnitus hereditary
There appears to be a predisposition based on heredity for some people when they are
exposed to loud sounds but whether or not tinnitus is genetically indicated is not certain
Scientists working on the Human Genome Project for example have not discovered a tinnitus
gene but they have identified genes that are responsible for a few rare varieties of hearing
loss temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction Meacuteniegraveres Disease and acoustic Neuroma
These conditions frequently include tinnitus as a side effect which suggests that there might be
a connection For now however a connection between your mothers tinnitus and your
tinnitus is still unknown
Can a one-time exposure to loud noise cause tinnitus
Many people write to the American Tinnitus Association asking if a one-time exposure to loud
noise experienced many years ago can cause tinnitus Noise is damaging if you must shout to be
heard if your ears hurt or if your hearing is lessened immediately following noise exposure
The noise exposure could occur just one time or over months or years The level of noise can
affect the degree of hearing loss For example sounds of 100 decibels experienced for more
than 15 minutes can cause hearing loss Sounds of 110 decibels experiences for more than a
minute can cause hearing loss
A one-time exposure to loud noise is not guaranteed to cause tinnitus or permanent hearing
loss since peoples ears vary in sensitivity It is also possible that the damage from noise
exposure might not be noticeable for many years
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Does tinnitus cause depression
In some cases yes The chronic sound of tinnitus can cause difficulty with sleep concentration
reading interpersonal relationships and other everyday activities ndash all of which can lead a
person especially one who is predisposed to it towards a state of depression
In a 2003 study on depression and tinnitus researchers found that most people with tinnitus
were neither depressed nor seriously bothered by their tinnitus But the patients who were
depressed were far more disabled by their tinnitus than the non-depressed patients If
depression is a problem for you it would be wise to seek help from a mental health
professional
Is there anything I can do to protect myself from tinnitus
First protect your hearing At work make sure Occupational Safety amp Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations are met hearing protection is required under OSHA for any job in which
noise levels exceed 90 decibels over the course of an eight-hour workday Many hearing
specialists counsel that this sound level is too high and for some people 90 decibels is still too
loud Further as noise levels increase the recommended time of exposure decreases OSHA
mandates that workplaces with excessive noise levels must protect workers by implementing a
continuing effective hearing conservation program In other words wear your earplugs or
earmuffs limit the amount of time you spend in noisy environments and follow hearing
conservation guidelines established by your employer
Recreational noise also has an impact on your hearing The next time you are around a noise
that bothers your earsmdashfor example a sporting event concert or while huntingmdashwear hearing
protection which can reduce noise levels 15 to 20 decibels For extremely loud situations
earmuffs over earplugs might be necessary Be aware of other activities or situations that
include loud noises like hair drying or lawn-mowing Make it easy for yourself to protect your
ears by hanging earmuffs over the lawn mower handle Repeated exposure to loud noises can
have a cumulative damaging effect on your hearing
If your physician prescribes you medications be sure to ask if the prescribed medications are
ototoxic or harmful to the ears or if the drugs are associated with tinnitus as a side effect This
information is easily obtained in the Physicians Desk Reference
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Frequently Asked Questions About Tinnitus
1 Can anything make tinnitus worse
Exposure to loud noises as mentioned earlier can have a negative effect on your hearing and
exacerbate tinnitus Be sure to protect yourself with earplugs earmuffs or by simply not taking
part in noisy events
Some medications can make tinnitus worse Tell all of your physiciansmdashnot just your ear nose
and throat doctormdashabout all prescription and over the counter medications you are currently
taking or have recently taken
Many people find that alcohol nicotine and caffeine can worsen their tinnitus as can eating
certain foods Some people find that foods with a high sugar content or any amount of quinine
(tonic water) make their tinnitus seem louder Monitor how you respond to different stimuli
and find a healthy balance where you do not eliminate all the foods that you love but also
where you do not unnecessarily exacerbate your tinnitus
Finally stress and fatigue can affect your tinnitus Make time to relax and understand that life
events can manifest themselves in your body in the form of increased tinnitus Of course this is
easier said than done Finding a good support network can help
What kinds of drugs are available to treat tinnitus
There is no drug on the market designed specifically for tinnitus treatment There are however
several medications that have provided many tinnitus patients with relief But they are not
without their own caveats For example some medications that can help tinnitus are also habit
forming and should only be used when under the care of a physician who understands tinnitus
The ATA has more information about various medications that can help although ATA staff
cannot recommend medications The ATA also distributes a list -- compiled by the Physicians
Desk Reference -- of medications that can cause tinnitus This listing is available by calling the
ATA at (800) 634-8978 We do not have copyright permission to make this listing available
online
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
What does loud mean
We measure the loudness of sound in decibels (dB) Most experts recommend that you use
earplugs when exposed to 85 dB and above But what does 85 dB mean The following chart
shows common sounds and their associated sound levels
20 dB
30 dB
40 dB
50 dB
60 dB
70 dB
80 dB
Ticking watch
Quiet whisper
Refrigerator hum
Rainfall
Sewing machine
Washing machine
Alarm clock (two feet away)
85 dB
95 dB
100 dB
105 dB
110 dB
120 dB
130 dB
Average traffic
MRI
Blow dryer subway train
Power mower chainsaw
Screaming child
Rock concert thunderclap
Jackhammer jet engine plane (100 feet away)
Noisy workplaces
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ndash an arm of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention ndash says that workers and others in loud environments should not
be exposed to sounds over 85 dB over an eight-hour period
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
For many people tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss More than 90 percent of American
Tinnitus Association members with tinnitus also report some hearing loss For many loss is at
the higher frequencies which is often induced by exposure to loud noise
Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound or by
repeated exposure to sounds over an extended period of time You cannot toughen up your
hearing by regularly listening to loud noises
Healthy hearing habits can help prevent hearing loss and tinnitus However the effects of loud
noises can worsen existing tinnitus and further degrade hearing If you already have one or
both of these conditions protect your ears from further damage If you do not have them learn
how to protect your hearing
How damage occurs
Sounds of less than 80 dB even after long exposure are unlikely to cause hearing loss Its
impossible to predict how individuals respond to loud noises ndash each personrsquos sensitivity to
sound is different However we know that exposure to a one-time-only or continuous noise can
cause temporary hearing loss If hearing recovers this temporary loss is called temporary
threshold shift which typically disappears 16 to 48 hours after exposure
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing loss can also be permanent if loud sounds damage or destroy the delicate ear cells in
your inner ear called cilia Once these cells are damaged or destroyed they cannot be repaired
Research into regenerating inner ear cells is underway but has not yet advanced to the
treatment stage
When you need hearing protection
This is the standard recommendation use earplugs earmuffs or other protection devices
when exposed to sounds above 85 dB You probably donrsquot have a sound meter with you to test
decibel levels everywhere you go so you canrsquot always be sure when your environment is too
loud In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they
are saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing
How loud is too loud mdash an interactive Web site
Check out Dangerous Decibels a great Web site for kids and adults alike that tests your
knowledge of noise risk and just how loud sounds in our everyday lives can be Hint click on the
sitersquos ldquoVirtual Exhibitrdquo and have some fun
MP3 players iPods amp your ears
One in three teens owns an MP3 player or iPod Can listening to loud music with these personal
players damage their hearing YES and that can result in tinnitus
Hearing conservation tips
In general if you are standing three feet away from someone and cannot hear what they are
saying the noise level could be damaging your hearing Hearing conservation means protecting
your ears from excessively loud sounds
Walk away from loud noises
Turn down the volume
Limit the intensity of the noise by not standing directly near its source
Limit the time you expose your ears to loud noises
Wear earplugs when yoursquore around sounds of 85 dB and above Disposable foam
earplugs are inexpensive easy to insert and effective
Turn down your CDcassette player stereo or iPod
Cross the street when you hear someone operating a leaf blower
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Wear earplugs at concertsgo to the back of the nightclub or outside to give your ears a
break
Cover your ears with your hands when yoursquore walking past a jackhammer
About earplugs
Keep a clean pair handy in your purse backpack wallet or pocket
Wear earplugs during the trailers at the movies ndash their volume is typically cranked up
Ask the manager at the movie theater to turn the volume down if it is too loud Theater
staff will very often comply with this request
Wear earplugs at amusement parks and concerts Earplugs cut out just 15-20 dB so
youll still be able to hear
Wear earplugs or protective earmuffs when using power devices eg lawn mower
tool vacuum and other noisy household appliances
Read the labels for noise levels on appliances childrens toys and any product that
generates sound
Learning to Manage Tinnitus Learning to manage your tinnitus takes time People who follow the techniques described
below habituate to their tinnitus To the point where they are not emotionally disturbed by it
and they can lead full and productive lives The fundamentals of learning to manage your
tinnitus are based on 4 steps that will be explained more fully in this section
1 Overcoming your underlying fears of tinnitus
When you first get tinnitus it is common to have many fears regarding your tinnitus such as
Do I have a serious illness brain tumor or blood clot
Although 96 of all tinnitus sufferers have no treatable medical condition causing the
tinnitus it is important that this possibility be eliminated by a thorough examination by
your General Practitioner and an ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) Specialist
Will my tinnitus drive me insane
There have been no reported cases of tinnitus causing insanity
Will it get louder
Generally not
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Will it continue forever
Although there are cases where tinnitus has spontaneously disappeared it is the
exception rather than the rule It is best to assume that you have it for the longer term
and learn to manage it
It cant be cured
There are many researchers that are working on more fully understanding tinnitus
however do not live in hope of a miracle cure Learn to manage it and get on with your
life
I will have no more peace and quiet
Very rarely do we have absolute quiet Most times there are ambient and
environmental noises around us Being in an absolutely quiet environment is unnatural
for humans You still able to enjoy peace and tranquility
It will interfere with my concentration
The ability to concentrate will improve over time as you habituate to the tinnitus
2 Having the Correct Perception of your Tinnitus
Orr brain takes in sounds and classifies them according to whether they are threatening
neutral or non-threatening sounds When the conscious mind classifies these sounds the sub
conscious mind has an automatic reaction to the sound the next time it is heard This pattern
will continue unless the conscious mind re-classifies the sound
When the conscious mind first hears tinnitus it cannot correlate the sound with anything that it
has heard so our survival instincts means the brain will classify it as possibly threatening and
will place the body and mind in a state of high alert for possible fight or flight
If the conscious mind maintains that perception of tinnitus each time that you hear your
tinnitus the sub-conscious mind will put your body and mind into a state of high anxiety which
no person or animal can maintain for long without becoming dysfunctional
It is therefore crucial that you perceive tinnitus as it truly is
ie non-threatening Although it is annoying it cannot
harm you in any way The objective for any tinnitus
sufferer is to habituate to the tinnitus If you perceive
tinnitus as threatening you are in a vicious cycle of stress
and anxiety as illustrated by the following example and
you cannot habituate to your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 The Importance of Not Focusing on your Tinnitus
The more a person focuses on their tinnitus the louder it will appear and the more distressed
they will become One of the critical aspects of learning to manage your tinnitus is shifting your
focus from the tinnitus to something more pleasurable This can be an activity such as walking
gardening reading (although this can be difficult in the early stages) listening to relaxing music
or any activity that you enjoy that absorbs your mind
An example of how this works is the case of a small child that falls over and grazes its knee The
child runs crying and distressed to its mother After inspecting the knee and giving the child a
hug the mother will ask whether the child would like a chocolate biscuit the child stops crying
and the pain of the grazed knee disappears as the focus of the childs mind is shifted from the
knee to the chocolate biscuit
It is worthwhile writing down the things that you enjoy doing so that when your tinnitus is bad
you can mentally refer to this list and do one or more of the activities that you have identified
as likely to shift your focus from the tinnitus In the early stages shifting your focus is not always
easy It takes practice and perseverance As you become better at it you will notice that there
are more and longer periods each day when you become aware that you have not been
listening to your tinnitus and you are on the way to successful management and habituation to
your tinnitus
4 Adjusting your Lifestyle
The anecdotal evidence of a link between stress and the exacerbation of tinnitus is very strong
It is therefore important that you reduce the amount of stress in your life whenever possible
Although stress is a part of everyday life recognizing those periods of stress and being
proactive about reducing the stress levels by undertaking relaxation therapies is important in
managing your tinnitus
Exposure to loud noise
Loud noise will exacerbate tinnitus Ear muffs or ear-plugs should be worn when activities such
as mowing the lawn or using a chainsaw are undertaken Venues such as nightclubs or
entertainment venues that have excessively loud noise should be avoided or ear protection
used If you have to shout to make yourself heard by someone standing within 1 to 15 meters
of you the noise level is considered excessive and it will exacerbate your tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Excessive use of alcohol or recreational drugs
Different peoples tinnitus reacts to different stimuli Some of the more common everyday
products that cause a temporary increase in tinnitus when used in excess are caffeine
(chocolate cola drinks coffee - more than 6 cups per day) red wine nicotine and spicy foods
Many prescription and non-prescription drugs also exacerbate tinnitus When your doctor
prescribes a drug for you ask them to check whether the drug has a side effect of tinnitus If it
has ask whether there is an alternative that could be used It is also worth noting when your
tinnitus is more troublesome whether you have had anything unusual in your diet that may
have caused the increase That is not to say that you should avoid those items altogether Just
be aware that they may cause a temporary increase in your tinnitus Living with tinnitus is
difficult enough without giving up things that you enjoy
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Environmental Sound Enrichment Jonathan Hazell Director Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre London
Tinnitus frequently emerges in quiet places The auditory system evolved in the presence of
continuous nature sound Silence is unnatural and associated with danger and evokes a warning
response Environmental sound enrichment is required 24 hours a day with non-stimulating
sounds that are pleasant and never result in an aversive reaction
Modern sound environments versus nature
In nature there is a continuous background of nature sounds Silence is a warning signal
usually indicating the arrival of a predator In modern society we have constructed solid
buildings which exclude sound and are often double-glazed to reduce heat-loss This means
that the rooms we live and work in can have very low levels of natural back ground noise
particularly at night
In many countries especially in the west there is a tendency for smaller social units with more
people particularly older people living alone in very quiet surroundings The ready availability
of earplugs means that they are often used not just to protect the ear from damage but also
to avoid hearing any sounds particularly at night With an increasing number of older people in
our populations there are many more with varying degrees of hearing loss Proper use of
hearing aids is far below what is needed and this has the effect of imposing relative silence as
well
One feature of our western culture is the way in which silence is imposed in childhood We are
told be quiet when we go to bed do your homework etc It is during these times that
childhood tinnitus emerges as well as the development of behavioral patterns for seeking
silence in adult life We even have the saying lsquoSilence is goldenrsquo It is NOT
Effects of reduced environmental sound
Tinnitus is experienced by anyone who listens carefully in a quiet room for 5 minutes Most of
us do this every night of our life when we retire to a quiet study lounge or bedroom It is
perhaps surprising that we can do this for so many years without having any experience of
tinnitus Animal experiments have shown us that the auditory system itself increases in
sensitivity when background noise drops below a certain level resulting in increased gain or
amplification of external sounds This means that there is more chance of picking up very weak
sounds in silence rather than in enriched environments
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Loudness of any sound depends on the contrast between the signal and any background noise
Consider listening to a car radio on the motorway with the volume up at a comfortable
listening level and then driving onto a quiet side road or a garage The radio can then cause
loudness discomfort for a normal listener In silence the loudness of even quiet sounds may be
perceived as very loud particularly if they have strong meaning (eg a burglar alarm at night
200 yards down the street) For the same reason tinnitus will sound very loud if there is no
other sound in the environment (no enrichment) In silence the attention focus of the brain can
only be directed to the one sound that is present tinnitus There is no possibility of not hearing
it
Changes in the auditory system can only occur if it is being stimulated with sound These
changes are necessary for the habituation (or blocking) of intrusive external sounds and
tinnitus Plasticity (the ability to change or reprogram) is reduced by silence Reduced
stimulation of hearing nerve connections such as without amplification or as a result to an
aversive reaction to sound results in habituation being slowed down significantly
These effects continue during sleep The cortex is in a low state of activity in sleep so we have
no conscious awareness of ourselves or our environment However at this time subconscious
pathways and auditory filters needed for selective hearing function normally The failure to
enrich our sound environment during sleep means the effectiveness of sound stimulation in
increasing plasticity is reduced by at least one third
Reasons for seeking silence
There are many reasons why we have a natural tendency to seek silence Many people try to
live in a silent world because of the dislike of unwanted unannounced visitors or a telephone
call or the sounds of a noisy city The belief is no sound = no intrusion However the quieter it
becomes the more easily we can hear softer and further-away sounds which in turn results in
a greater need for greater protection from even these soft sounds Silence may be considered
by many to be peaceful and relaxing but our autonomic nervous system activity actually
increases in silence getting us ready for the possibility of predator attack The best
environment for relaxation is one enriched by nature sounds
It is common to develop quite strong views about what is acceptable in terms of other people
making noise Decreased tolerance for sound is often considered normal behavior The dislike
for ordinary everyday sounds is much more common in patients with tinnitus and indeed 40
have pre-existing sound sensitivity
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Normality of environmental sound enrichment
The art of sound enrichment is very old and found in many ancient civilizations most notably
perhaps in Japan where waterfalls fountains and wind chimes have always been a part of
architecture and landscaping A very important job in Japan is that of the waterfall tuner
Most people find that the sounds of nature are enjoyable and relaxing Being in the garden or
on the beach is for most people a relaxing experience Even tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
find these places peaceful and often report that tinnitus disappears completely when they are
on vacation The sounds of rain can be soothing and calming and generally is not intrusive in
the way that man-made sounds may be
Part of the reason for this is that our hearing system developed in a sound-rich environment
with nature sounds always present It is only over the last few hundred years that buildings
have effectively excluded nature sounds
Sleep is a problem for many people Sound enrichment improves sleep quality in everyone and
it for this reason that devices simulating the sounds of nature or CDs with recordings of nature
sounds are being sold widely for this purpose
Types of sound enrichment
Perhaps the best natural sound enrichment is nature itself For country-dwellers it may be
possible to have the window open all the time otherwise it is important to create sounds
inside the home where we spend the majority of our time In the past household equipment
has been recommended as a simple available sound source such as large fans fish tanks etc
Where these sounds are a normal part of the home environment they can be helpful but the
volume is not easy to control Water features are excellent such as indoor and outdoor
fountains and waterfalls which are widely available The sounds of water are particularly liked
and well tolerated
Radios TV and music should be used only when they are part of normal recreation when you
normally would listen to them Just leaving these devises on all the time as sound enrichment is
not recommended All music and speech has meaning and thus they stimulate the autonomic
system at a time when we are trying to reduce reactivity The use of quality equipment for
presenting any sound enrichment ensures good quality and realistic sounds which will be more
relaxing
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
We encourage the use of sound generators which have a selection of electronically reproduced
nature sounds These devices are much easier to control to move about or even to take away
on trips CDs and tapes of nature sounds are useful but the content may vary and change
making them attention-seeking and therefore less effective and less relaxing All sound
enrichment should be continuous and not just used for a short period such as just for getting
to sleep instead leave the device on all night
Features and requirements of sound enrichment
Sound enrichment should not mask or cover up your tinnitus Habituation cannot occur to a
sound you cannot hear When you first turn on your sound source check that you can still hear
your tinnitus and that is hasnrsquot altered or changed If you have a hearing loss then test them
with your hearing aids turned to their normal listening setting
It is essential that any sound enrichment never produces any aversion dislike or results in
increased arousal Introducing a new sound into the environment that evokes a negative
reaction will simply make matters worse It may take some time and experimentation to find
the sound that you like that that produces relaxation It is also important that the family should
also find the sounds pleasant and non-intrusive Usually this is not a problem since family
members realize the importance of this part of treatment and usually understand that sound
enrichment is good for everyone
Sound enrichment should be used 24 hours a day particularly at night Not using sound
enrichment at night reduces the effectiveness of treatment by at least one third (the time you
are asleep) Because the parts of the hearing mechanism that are important in tinnitus
management are lsquoawakersquo during sleep sound enrichment should always be used at this time It
is a good idea to leave the sound enrichment source on at all times in the bedroom so that it
becomes a part of the bedroom furniture For those who have a hearing impairment and a
partner who cannot tolerate the sound enrichment a pillow speaker can be very valuable
The benefits of sound enrichment
Many patients experience an immediate reduction in tinnitus intrusiveness and severity with
sound enrichment although this is a very individual response Soon there should be improved
sleep and reduced wakefulness Environmental sounds will be less intrusive Sound enrichment
produces an overall reduction in activity in the autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous
system activity levels are high in patients with tinnitus - sound enrichment helps to reduce this
overall high level of activity Sound enrichment also reduces the contrast between or tinnitus
and the background and therefore reduces the perceived loudness of tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Helpful Hints for Better Sleep
Poor sleep habits are among the most common problems encountered in our society We stay
up too late and get up too early We interrupt our sleep with drugs chemicals and work and
we over-stimulate ourselves with late-night activities such as television Below are some
essentials of good sleep habits Many of these points will seem like common sense But it is
surprising how many of these important points are ignored by many of us Click on any of the
links below for more information
Your Personal Habits
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time Do not be one of those people who allow
bedtime and awakening time to drift The body gets used to falling asleep at a certain
time but only if this is relatively fixed Even if you are retired or not working this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits
Avoid napping during the day If you nap throughout the day it is no wonder that you
will not be able to sleep at night The late afternoon for most people is a sleepy time
Many people will take a nap at that time This is generally not a bad thing to do
provided you limit the nap to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime Many people believe that alcohol helps them
sleep While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect a few hours later as the
alcohol levels in your blood start to fall there is a stimulant or wake-up effect
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime This includes caffeinated beverages such as
coffee tea and many sodas as well as chocolate so be careful
Avoid heavy spicy or sugary foods 4-6 hours before bedtime These can affect your
ability to stay asleep
Exercise regularly but not right before bed Regular exercise particularly in the
afternoon can help deepen sleep Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours before
bedtime however can decrease your ability to fall asleep
Your Sleeping Environment
Use comfortable bedding Uncomfortable bedding can prevent good sleep Evaluate
whether or not this is a source of your problem and make appropriate changes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Find a comfortable temperature setting for sleeping and keep the room well
ventilated If your bedroom is too cold or too hot it can keep you awake A cool (not
cold) bedroom is often the most conducive to sleep
Block out all distracting noise and eliminate as much light as possible
Reserve the bed for sleep and sex Dont use the bed as an office workroom or
recreation room Let your body know that the bed is associated with sleeping
Getting Ready For Bed
Try a light snack before bed Warm milk and foods high in the amino acid tryptophan
such as bananas may help you to sleep
Practice relaxation techniques before bed Relaxation techniques such as yoga deep
breathing and others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension
Dont take your worries to bed Leave your worries about job school daily life etc
behind when you go to bed Some people find it useful to assign a worry period during
the evening or late afternoon to deal with these issues
Establish a pre-sleep ritual Pre-sleep rituals such as a warm bath or a few minutes of
reading can help you sleep
Get into your favorite sleeping position If you dont fall asleep within 15-30 minutes
get up go into another room and read until sleepy
Getting Up in the Middle of the Night
Most people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons If you find that you get up in
the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes then do not remain in
the bed trying hard to sleep Get out of bed Leave the bedroom Read have a light snack do
some quiet activity or take a bath You will generally find that you can get back to sleep 20
minutes or so later Do not perform challenging or engaging activity such as office work
housework etc Do not watch television
A Word about Television
Many people fall asleep with the television on in their room Watching television before
bedtime is often a bad idea Television is a very engaging medium that tends to keep people up
We generally recommend that the television not be in the bedroom At the appropriate
bedtime the TV should be turned off and the patient should go to bed Some people find that
the radio helps them go to sleep Since radio is a less engaging medium than TV this is probably
a good idea
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Other Factors
Several physical factors are known to upset sleep These include arthritis acid
reflux with heartburn and headaches
Psychological and mental health problems like depression anxiety and stress are
often associated with sleeping difficulty In many cases difficulty staying asleep
may be the only presenting sign of depression A physician should be consulted
about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment
Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect Ask your doctor or
pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness
To help overall improvement in sleep patterns your doctor may prescribe sleep
medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem The decision to take sleeping
aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture
Always follow the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals The
goal is to rediscover how to sleep naturally
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Examples Factory First-Fit NAL-NL1 Algorithm vs REM NALNL1
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Speech-Mapping vs Real-Ear Measures
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Custom Clinic Hearing Aid Questionnaire
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Hearing AidTinnitus Questionnaire
Progress Note Addendum
S
A completed survey evaluating the outcome of the veterans
recent hearing aid fitting was received today
OA
The outcome survey consisted of three parts
1 The International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA
Cox Hyde amp Gatehouse 2000) a valid and reliable tool
consisting of seven questions using a 5-point rating scale
The IOI-HA was designed to assess benefit satisfaction and
quality-of-life changes associated with hearing aid use
Veterans responses to the IOI-HA were compared to normative
values (Cox Alexander amp Beyer 2003)
------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTION NORM VETERANS SCORE
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use 3-5
2 Benefit 3-4
3 Residual Activity Limitation 2-4
4 Satisfaction 2-5
5 Residual Participation Restriction 3-4
6 Impact on Others 2-5
7 Quality of Life 3-4
8 Difficulty Without Aid na
------------------------------------------------------------------
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
No further actions related to IOI-HA responses are necessary at
this time
Veterans responses to all items are within the normative range
with the exception of _
Further actions related to the veterans IOI-HA responses may be
warranted to improve treatment outcome
2 Other factors contributing to successful aid use including
practical issues related to physical comfort sound quality and
communication success in different sound environments Veterans
responses indicated
appropriate adjustment to the new aids veteran denied any
desire for a follow-up appointment at this time
specific practical issue(s) impacting successful use of the
hearing aids that may warrant further actions _
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
3 Assessment of possible tinnitus relief provided by the hearing aids
On a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 means the hearing aids provide no relief from
the tinnitus and 10 means the hearing aids provide complete relief veteran
rated the tinnitus relief from his hearing aids as _ indicating the aids are
providing adequate inadequate relief from the tinnitus
Patients who report minimal tinnitus relief may require further tinnitus
services and may benefit from attending Tinnitus Group Education
P
Veteran to contact clinic for hearing aid assistance as needed
Veteran declined offer of appointment for hearing aid adjustment
Need for Tinnitus Group Education will be assessed at that
appointment
Veteran was scheduled for Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran was scheduled for a HEALTH TECH SUPPORT appointment on a
routine basis within 30 days
The veteran was scheduled for a hearing aid fitting follow-up
appointment on a routine basis within the next 60 days to address
factors resulting in unsuccessful hearing aid treatment outcome
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Why Should I Attend the Tinnitus Classes
The Tinnitus Classes help veterans manage their tinnitus successfully Each of the two Tinnitus
Classes class is two hours long Please make sure you can stay for the entire length of each class by
double-checking for any conflicts (such as your VA appointments) If you have some a conflict and
will not be able to stay for the entire class you will not get the results you need If this happens
please reschedule the classes You must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2
Class 1
Tinnitus Class 1 is two-hour program that helps veterans learn the main theories about what
causes of tinnitus why it can be so disturbing and annoying and how to use different types of sound
to get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you You will learn
How to use Interesting Sound to help direct your attention away from the tinnitus
How to use Soothing Sound to experience relief from anxiety tension and stress that
causes or is caused by your tinnitus
How to use Background Sound to make it harder for your brain to detect your tinnitus
You will learn how to create effective Sound Plans to figure out which sounds work best for you for
specific problem situations Also you will learn relaxation techniques to reduce stress and tension
associated with your tinnitus You will receive the Managing Your Tinnitus workbook and handouts
of all of the Tinnitus Class materials for review and use at home The workbook includes a DVD of all
the material presented for reviewing at home along with a CD of different types of interesting
soothing (relaxing) and background sounds for you to try out Additionally you will receive a list of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other
sounds to help you get your tinnitus under control so it doesnt control you
Class 2
Tinnitus Class 2 also is a two-hour program that builds on the information given in Class 1 You
must attend Class 1 first and then Class 2 We will briefly review the information you learned in
Class 1 and we will review your Sound Plans and how they worked for you Then you will learn
new information about changing your reactions to tinnitus and changing your thoughts about
tinnitus More information is provided about relaxation techniques and we will talk about other
ways to direct your attention away from your tinnitus Our goal is to help you control your tinnitus
so it doesnrsquot control you
How Will the Tinnitus Classes Help Me
After attending both Tinnitus Classes most veterans find that they feel less stressed about tinnitus
almost never think about tinnitus feel like tinnitus is not much of a problem and feel like there is no
need for further help with their tinnitus
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Functional Index
Meikle et al (2012) The tinnitus functional index development of a new clinical measure for chronic
intrusive tinnitus Ear and Hearing Mar-Apr33(2)153-76
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Kroenke K Spitzer R Williams J (2001) The PHQ-9 Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure Journal of
General Internal Medicine 16(9) 606-613
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) Wilson P Henry J Bowen M and Haralambous G (1991) Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire Psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 197-201
Percentage of time you were awake that you were AWARE of your tinnitus _______ Percentage of time that you HEAR your tinnitus that it DISTURBS you _______
This questionnaire is designed to find out what sort of effects tinnitus has had on your lifestyle general well-being etc Some of the effects below may apply to you and some may not Please answer ALL questions by circling the number that best reflects how your tinnitus has affected you OVER THE PAST WEEK
Not
at all
A little of the time
Some of the time
A good deal of
the time
Almost all of
the time
1 My tinnitus has made me unhappy
2 My tinnitus has made me feel tense
3 My tinnitus has made me feel irritable
4 My tinnitus has made me feel angry
5 My tinnitus has led me to cry
6 My tinnitus has led me to avoid quiet situations
7 My tinnitus has made me less interested in going out
8 My tinnitus has made me depressed
9 My tinnitus has made me feel annoyed
10 My tinnitus has made me confused
11 My tinnitus has driven me crazy
12 My tinnitus has interfered with my enjoyment of life
13 My tinnitus had made it hard for me to concentrate
14 My tinnitus has made it hard for me to relax
15 My tinnitus has made me feel distressed
16 My tinnitus has made me feel helpless
17 My tinnitus has made me feel frustrated with things
18 My tinnitus has interfered with my ability to work
19 My tinnitus has led me to despair
20 My tinnitus has led me to avoid noisy situations
21 My tinnitus has led me to avoid social situations
22 My tinnitus has made me feel hopeless about the future
23 My tinnitus has interfered with my sleep
24 My tinnitus has led me to think about suicide
25 My tinnitus has made me feel panicky
26 My tinnitus has made me feel tormented
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Suicide Risk Flag
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus-Hearing Survey (Henry et al 2008)
Not a
problem
A small
problem
A moderate
problem
A big
problem
A very big
problem
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what others were saying
in noisy or crowded places
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what people were saying
on TV or movies
Over the past week I couldnrsquot
understand people with soft voices
Over the last week I couldnrsquot
understand what was being said in
group conversations
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from sleeping
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from concentrating on reading
Over the last week tinnitus kept me
from relaxing
Over the last week I couldnrsquot get my
mind off my tinnitus
Over the last week every day sounds
were too loud for me
Being in a meeting with 5 to 10
people would be too loud for me
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
For a Number of Internet Sound Resources Please Visit
httpwwwSteveBentonAuDweeblycom
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 Progress Note
S
Patient attended Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 of 2
Veteran has previously been identified as having disturbing
tinnitus which might benefit from further management
Veterans with co-existing mental health disorders report greater
disturbance from tinnitus than those without co-existing mental
health disorders (Benton 2011) Veterans CPRS Problems tab
and other NOTES include the following mental health diagnos(es)
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aid(s)
were provided by the veterans primary audiologist
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Hearing aids
were recommended by the audiologist but veteran declined
Veteran previously was diagnosed with hearing loss Veterans
primary audiologist reported that hearing aids were not warranted
due to the nature andor configuration of the loss
Veteran previously has been found to have normal hearing thresholds
through 8000 Hz
OA
Prior to the start of the program all attendees were asked to
provide four measures
1 A global perception of overall tinnitus severity using a 5-point
response scale Not a Problem
A Small Problem
A Moderate Problem
A Big Problem
A Very Big Problem
2 The Tinnitus Functional Index or TFI (Meikle et al 2012) a
reliable and valid measure of overall tinnitus severity covering
eight domains with excellent sensitivity to treatment-related change
TFI scores range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating greater
tinnitus severity
3 Estimates of the total percentage of waking hours over the
past week that veteran has been aware of the tinnitus
(Awareness ) and the percentage of that time veteran was truly
disturbed by the tinnitus (Disturbance ) These estimates then
are used to calculate the veterans Total Disturbance Value
that is the percentage of waking hours that veteran was
disturbed by the tinnitus
4 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
The veterans pre-Group Education responses were
-----------------------------------------
Global Severity
-----------------------------------------
TFI - Score
-----------------------------------------
Tinnitus Awareness
Tinnitus Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A x D)
-----------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-----------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
TFI scores range from 0-100 and may be interpreted as follows
0-25 Little or no need for intervention
26-50 Possible need for intervention
51+ Likely need for intervention
PHQ9 scores range from 0-27 and may be interpreted as follows
1-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus
report that their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all
attendees were informed about VA suicide prevention services and
were given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Attendees
also were informed that question 9 of the PHQ9 asks specifically
about suicidal ideation related to tinnitus Attendees were instructed
to speak with the audiologist immediately following the Tinnitus Class
for immediate referral to Mental Health Service (Walk-In) if they had
active plans for suicide had attempted to obtain the means for
committing suicide or had previously attempted suicide
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to
Question 9 of the PHQ9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation related to tinnitus per
response to Question 9 of the PHQ9
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
by VA mental health clinic(s)
Veterans most recent MH progress note was dated
The patients primary care provider andor mental health care provider
if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) waswere added
as cosigner(s) to this note to assure their awareness of veterans
status
Tinnitus Group Education Class 1 then consisted of a two-hour program
which included numerous educational components including the nature
and causes of tinnitus the use of sound to manage tinnitus disturbance
and annoyance through contrast reduction and the use of music and other
relaxation techniques to reduce stress associated with tinnitus
Veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook Managing Your
Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of all
associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as
well as a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and
background sounds Additionally veteran was provided a listing of
internet resources for free music nature sounds guided relaxation
guided imagery and other sounds to facilitate proactive self-
management of tinnitus
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
Patient was encouraged to implement the strategies discussed
today for reduction of tinnitus annoyance
Veteran to return for Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 in two weeks
for Sound Plan review and discussion of additional strategies for
managing disturbing tinnitus
The clinic will mail a follow-up TFIPHQ9 questionnaire to veteran
approximately 4 weeks after Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 to
assess management outcome allowing adequate time for veteran to
develop and evaluate Sound Plans and other strategies for reduction
of tinnitus annoyance A determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management
appointment
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Using Sound During Pleasant Activities
1 What type of PLEASANT ACTIVITY are you enjoying Remember do something you WANT
or LIKE to do not something you HAVE to do
a Educational Learning how to operate a computer
b Artistic Paint a mural on the living room wall
c Social Call a buddy
d Athletic Take a walk around the neighborhood
e Relaxation Read a book
2 What TYPE OF SOUND is most appropriate for that PLEASANT ACTIVITY
a Background Sound Eliminates silence which makes your tinnitus less noticeable
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
iii Speech ndash typically not recommended but some people do well with a TV
playing in the background
b Interesting Sound
i Music (usually with words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
3 Portable boom box
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows (on a nice day)
3 Could ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
iii Speech
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
5 Speeches sermons (recorded via mp3 player CD player TV Radio)
c Relaxing Sound
i Music (usually without words)
1 Computer speakers
2 Mp3 player
ii Environmental Sound
1 Sound generator
2 Open the windows
iii Ask a friend to work with you (Interesting Sound-conversation speech)
1 Cell phone conversation
a Bluetooth headset for cell phone conversation
b Cell phone by itself
2 Home phone conversation
3 Face-to-face conversation
4 Books on tape (mp3 player CD player)
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Education Class 2 Progress Note S
Patient attended the Tinnitus Group Education - Class 2 program
Veteran had previously attended Audiology Tinnitus Group Education Class 1
at which time veteran was provided a personal copy of the workbook
Managing Your Tinnitus for reference at home and reproducible copies of
all associated worksheets The workbook includes a DVD of the material
presented today for viewing at patients convenience for review as well as
a CD of different types of interesting relaxing and background sounds
Additionally veteran was provided a listing of internet resources for free
music nature sounds guided relaxation guided imagery and other sounds to
facilitate proactive self-management of tinnitus
OA
Class 2 consisted of a two-hour program which included numerous educational
components including a brief review of information provided in Class 1
Primary causes of tinnitus
Why tinnitus can be so disturbing
Using sound to manage tinnitus
Creating and implementing Sound Plans
New information was then introduced according to Progressive Tinnitus
Management protocol regarding changing reactions to and thoughts about
tinnitus as a complement to the use of Sound Plans
Specifically information was divided into three sections
Relaxation
Pleasant Activity Planning
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
Various exercises were completed within a supportive group environment
to demonstrate the information provided
Diagnosis is 38831 - tinnitus
P
The clinic will mail a follow-up questionnaire to veteran in
approximately 4 weeks to assess management outcome allowing adequate time
for veteran to implement and evaluate the discussed strategies for
reduction of tinnitus annoyance Based on a comparison of pre- and post-
Group Education TFI scores a determination then will be made regarding
any possible need for an individualized tinnitus management appointment
All attendees were informed that if an individualized tinnitus management
appointment is indicated they will be required to bring their completed
Sound Plans and other worksheets for review They also were informed that
failure to demonstrate a good-faith effort to implement the strategies
would preclude progression to more intensive tinnitus management strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Group Outcome Progress Note Addendum
S
Veterans Tinnitus Group Outcome questionnaire was received today
The questionnaire was composed of
1 The Self-Efficacy for Managing Reactions to Tinnitus or SMRT
(Henry et al ) a 17-item questionnaire evaluating a patients
confidence that he or she can manage tinnitus successfully using
sound and other strategies and skills taught as part of the
Atlanta VAs Progressive Tinnitus Management program
The SMRT contains six items that are near-verbatim duplicates of
the items that make up the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease
6-Item Scale or SEMCD6 (Lorig et al 2001) Original psychometric
data revealed a mean score of 52 among 605 individuals with multiple
chronic diseases More recent normative data are available for a
German version of the scale (Freund et al 2011) and revealed a mean
score of 67 among 244 individuals with multiple chronic diseases
At the Atlanta VA we averaged the 849 SEMCD6 scores from the two
previous studies which resulted in a score of 56 We adopted this
composite score as the cutoff for the SMRT scale
The mean of all 17 SMRT responses is the total SMRT score Lower
scores indicate lower self-confidence for managing tinnitus
Although norms are not yet available in this clinic total SMRT
scores above 56 are considered indicative of adequate confidence
for managing tinnitus and are consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management
2 The PHQ9 (Kronke et al) is a concise self-administered
screening tool for depression It is designed to improve the
recognition rate of depression and anxiety thus facilitating
diagnosis and treatment
OA
The veterans current total SMRT score and current and previous PHQ-9 scores
are shown below post-Group Education Outcome measures are compared to
veterans pre-Group Education measure below
-------------------------------------------------
Measure Current Previous
-------------------------------------------------
SMRT Score XXX
-------------------------------------------------
Awareness
Disturbance
Total Disturbance (A X D)
-------------------------------------------------
PHQ-9 Score
-------------------------------------------------
(na = not answered)
Veteran responded YES NO to the PHQ9 question In the past 2 years have
you felt depressed or sad on most days even if you felt okay sometimes
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Veteran responded to the PHQ9 question 10 If you checked off any
problems how difficult have these problems made it for you to do
your work take care of things at home or get along with other people
as
not difficult at all
somewhat difficult
very difficult
extremely difficult
Because a small percentage of veterans with disturbing tinnitus report that
their tinnitus has led to thoughts of suicide all Tinnitus Group Education
attendees have been informed about VA suicide prevention services and have
been given the Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number Question 9 of the
PHQ-9 asks specifically about suicidal ideation
Veteran denied any suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Veteran reported suicidal ideation per response to PHQ-9
Question 9
Records indicate that veteran IS NOT currently being followed
for mental health issues
The patients primary care provider and mental health care provider
(if the patient currently is being seen by MH Clinic) have already
been made aware of the veterans status
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with NO need for further
Tinnitus management
Although veterans post-group responses are consistent with an
improvement in overall tinnitus disturbance results continue
to indicate significant tinnitus disturbance
Veteran continues to experience disturbing tinnitus and is unable to
manage his tinnitus successfully using only the knowledge tools and
skills provided at Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veterans outcome are consistent with no need for any further tinnitus
management Veteran has demonstrated the ability to manage the tinnitus
successfully using only the knowledge tools and skills provided at
Audiology Tinnitus Group Education
Veteran wrote the following regarding use of the information provided
in the classes (these are exact transcriptions)
1 Sound Plans
2 Relaxation
3 Planning Pleasant Activities
4 Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus
5 The Tinnitus Classes in General
6 Do you feel you need more help to manage your tinnitus
P
Veterans total SMRT score is consistent with no need for further
tinnitus management Veteran will contact the clinic for assistance on an
as needed basis
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
However veteran failed to attend Class 2 of tinnitus Group Education
Veteran will be scheduled for Class 2
Although the total SMRT score suggests that veteran may benefit
from further tinnitus services from VA veteran reported there was no
need for further tinnitus services from VA
Veteran was scheduled for individual tinnitus consultation at which
time we will review the various strategies veteran has implemented
per previous recommendations Determination of any need for
comprehensive tinnitus assessment and any individualized tinnitus
management will be made after review of these strategies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Group Education Outcomes SMRT and PHQ9
Dear Veteran
It has been about four weeks since Tinnitus Class 2 so Ive enclosed a questionnaire to find
out how you are doing since you learned various strategies and skills to manage your tinnitus
In the classes we talked about Sound Plans Relaxation Planning Pleasant Activities and
Changing Thoughts About Tinnitus I hope you have learned to use these strategies to control
your tinnitus rather than have it control you
Also I am very interested in any comments you may be able to provide about what you learned
from the classes Please return this sheet with the attached questionnaires Thank you
NAME ______________________________ SSN _____________________ DATE _______________
1 Please share one of your Sound Plans _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please share an example of Relaxation you tried _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 Please share an example of how you Planned Pleasant Activities __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4 How have you been Changing Thoughts About Your Tinnitus ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 What did you think of the Tinnitus Classes ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 Do you feel you need further assistance working with your tinnitus YES NO
Please send back THIS SHEET along with THE QUESTIONNAIRES in the enclosed postage-paid
pre-addressed envelope I look forward to learning how youve been and what you think
Thank you
SBenton AuD
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 1
Over the PAST TWO WEEKS
What percentage of waking hours were you AWARE of your tinnitus ______
What percentage of the time you were AWARE of your tinnitus did it actually BOTHER you ______
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
Tinnitus Questionnaire 2
Over the last 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by
any of the following problems concerns
Not
at all
Several
days
More than
half the
days
Nearly
every day
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down depressed or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping
too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself ndash or that you are
failure or have let yourself or your family
down
Trouble concentrating on things such as
reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other
people could have noticed Or the opposite ndash
being so fidgety or restless that your have
been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead
or of hurting yourself in some way
In the past 2 years have you felt depressed or
sad on most days even if you felt okay
sometimes
Yes No
If you checked off any of the above problems
how difficult have these problems made it for
you to do your work take care of things at
home or get along with other people
Not
difficult
at all
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
Extremely
difficult
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
Atlanta VA Medical Center Tinnitus Protocol March 2013
4-dB Gain Reduction for NALNL1 Binaural Loudness Effect
Best Match to NALNL1
Best Match to NALNL1
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies
-4dB at All
Matched
Frequencies