ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS - GVLIBRARIES.ORG Athletes & Alcohol.pdfSteroids, too, are an increasing danger among athletes and sports fans alike. Faced with intense pressure to

679DV

ATHLETES, ALCOHOLAND STEROIDSWhat’s Wrong With This Picture?

DVD Version

ISBN 1-55548-058-6

ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS: WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

CREDITS

Executive Producer

Anson W. Schloat

Producer

Kinetic Media

Teacher’s Resource Book

Elisabeth Kwak Hefferan

Copyright 2005 Human Relations Media, Inc.

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS


TABLE OF CONTENTS DVD Menu i Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Program Summary 3

Student Activities 1. Pre/Post Test 7 2. Do You Buy It? 9 3. Help Is On the Way 12 4. Face the Consequences 13 5. Take Two 14 6. Dealing with Stress 15 7. Research Project 18 8. Team Pledge 21 9. Debunk That Myth 22 10. Role Model Profile 24 11. Class Debate 25 12. Design an Ad Campaign 27 13. Alcohol on Trial 28 14. The Big Game Special 29 15. What Happens Next? 30 16. A Level Playing Field 32

Fact Sheets 1. Did You Know? 33 2. Signs of a Drinking Problem 34 3. How to Help 35 4. Alcohol and the Body 36 5. Steroids and the Body 37 6. Alcohol and the Athlete 38 7. A Dangerous Combination 39 8. Steroid Basics 40 9. Bibliography 41 Other Drug Education Programs 43

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS


DVD MENU MAIN MENU

PLAY

CHAPTER SELECTION

From here you can access many different paths of the DVD, beginning with the introduction and ending with the credits.

1. Introduction 2. Alcohol 3. Negative Effects of Alcohol 4. Steroids 5. Negative Effects of Steroids 6. Conclusion

TEACHER’S RESOURCE GUIDE

A file of the accompanying Teacher’s Resource Guide is available on the DVD. To open the file you need to load the DVD onto a computer that has a DVD-ROM and Adobe Acrobat Reader. Right click on the DVD icon and then double click on the file titled “Teacher’s Resource Book.”

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA i ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS

ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS

INTRODUCTION Young people love sports. Whether they’re playing on a team, cheering from the sidelines, or reading about their favorite athletes, many teenagers consider sports to be an important part of their lives. But while athletics offer all kinds of benefits to young people, they also carry a hidden danger: the growing connection between sports, alcohol and steroids. Our society has come to accept drinking as a normal part of watching or playing sports. The links are easy to see: tailgate parties, inexpensive drink specials at bars during big games, millions of dollars spent on alcohol commercials to air during sporting events. The message that is sent to teens is dangerous and misleading—many teens believe that they can’t fully experience a sports event without a drink in hand. Athletes are especially vulnerable to the dangers of alcohol. Because they depend on their bodies for peak performance, they suffer even more from the negative health consequences of drinking—athletes who drink simply cannot play their best game. However, a 2001 study by the Harvard School of Public Health revealed that college athletes actually binge drink more often and abuse alcohol more heavily than other students. There are several explanations for this phenomenon, including peer pressure, attempts to cope with stress, and imitation of professional sports heroes; but the bottom line is that alcohol poses a significant risk to athletes. These risks extend to sports fans as well as athletes. Alcohol companies do their best to convince fans that drinking and watching the game go together by spending millions of dollars on commercials that feature professional athletes or that run during sporting events—and they are succeeding. The Harvard School of Public Health discovered in 2002 that 53 percent of college students who were sports fans binged when they drank, compared to 41 percent of male and 37 percent of female non-fans. Not only does this binging cause fans to suffer from alcohol-related health problems, it also threatens the safety of others. Alcohol-fueled riots, assaults, and drunk driving crashes put everyone at risk. Steroids, too, are an increasing danger among athletes and sports fans alike. Faced with intense pressure to win the big games and procure an athletic scholarship, too many teens are turning to anabolic steroids for a risky performance boost. Steroids do more than increase muscle strength and speed; they also carry deadly side effects such as heart disease, stroke, liver cancer, aggression and sterility. Unfortunately, young people aren’t getting the message: a 1999 National Institute on Drug Abuse survey reported that lifetime use of steroids among high school students is rising at the same time that perceived risk of harm is declining. And it’s not only a problem among athletes—of the estimated 500,000 Americans under 18 who abuse steroids, a significant number do so simply to lose weight or appear more toned. It is essential that young people learn that drinking alcohol is not an indispensable part of athletics, and steroids are not miracle performance enhancers but dangerous drugs. The program Athletes, Alcohol and Steroids: What’s Wrong With This Picture? will help viewers learn the critical facts about these harmful substances.

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA 1 ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After watching the video Athletes, Alcohol and Steroids: What’s Wrong with This Picture? and participating in the class activities included in this Teacher’s Resource Book, your students will be able to:

identify the unique risks that alcohol and steroids pose to an athlete’s body

understand how drug use negatively affects team success

refute the myths that athletes and fans often use to justify

drinking alcohol or using steroids

explain how alcohol companies use sports to manipulate fans

into buying their product

recognize when a friend or teammate has a problem with

alcohol or steroids

list the consequences faced by any athlete who chooses to

drink alcohol or use steroids

identify healthy ways to reduce athletic stress

recognize advertisers’ attempts to connect sports with alcohol

discuss the role that stadiums and sports bars play in alcohol-

related problems like riots and drunk driving

explain the long and short-term effects that steroids have on

the body and mind

ATHLETES, ALCOHOL AND STEROIDS 2 HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA


PROGRAM SUMMARY The video opens over a montage of newspaper headlines and images concerning young people who have gotten into trouble with alcohol. The narrator explains that while many articles acknowledge the problem of drinking among high school and college students, few realize that student athletes are not above the dangers as well. But, as another collage of images shows, student athletes are in reality “setting a dangerous pace.” Over a beer commercial that features sports, the narrator points out that alcohol companies do their best to link drinking with athletics. There are also plenty of bad examples set by athletes who have gotten in trouble with drinking, like Mickey Mantle, Daryl Strawberry, Lawrence Taylor and Oksana Baiul. Professional athletes are also setting another troubling example by using steroids to get an edge over the competition. The video then introduces three student athletes: Alex Tisch, a football player, Yifan Luo, a swimmer, and Oscar Harvey, a volleyball player. Each shares an insight into his or her sport. “It really does depend on every single person on every play,” says Tisch. “You have to work as a team … and the way we motivate each other at practice determines how each of us will try and that’s how we get better,” adds Luo. Viewers then meet John Sullivan and Bridget Murphy, clinical psychologists at the University of Rhode Island who work with athletes to improve performance. Sullivan and Murphy highlight the benefits of athletics—including a chance to excel and learn one’s personal abilities, confidence and the privilege of belonging to a talented minority. But, Murphy points out, being a minority can have negative effects too. Too often, athletes “can get away with behavior that a non-student athlete might not get away with,” she says. The video now introduces Tom Janette, Community Affairs Director for the Narcotic Enforcement Officers Association of Connecticut. “I respect athletes. You have to have a dedication to be able to do it,” he remarks. “Unfortunately, some of that dedication is misdirected, in the case of steroids and in the case of alcohol.” The narrator turns the focus to alcohol, the most widely abused drug in America. The narrator reveals that studies have shown many athletes drink to excess, hurting themselves and their teams because of peer pressure, a feeling of invincibility and poor judgment. Murphy explains that drinking is an especially bad decision for athletes: “When you put that much time and effort into being in peak physical shape, it’s just counterintuitive to do something that poisons your body,” she tells students. After Tisch, Luo and Harvey share how much time and effort they put into their sports, the narrator notes that “alcohol can undo all that hard work.” The experts go on to list the negative effects alcohol has on the athlete’s body. First, alcohol impedes the growth process, hurting the body’s ability to get stronger. Alcohol is also a depressant, meaning it will increase response time. Drinking also impairs motor skills. “Consuming even two to three drinks results in a loss of motor coordination for up to



PROGRAM SUMMARY CONTINUED

12 to 18 hours after drinking,” reveals the narrator. In addition, alcohol saps the body of energy by impairing the body’s ability to absorb nutrients and acting as a dehydrating diuretic. Alcohol also contributes to muscle cramps by causing buildup of lactic acid. Alcohol lengthens recovery time from injuries, causes greater body heat loss, hurts coordination and judgment, and lowers endurance by interfering with the body’s ability to produce blood sugar. On top of all this, it also interrupts an athlete’s much-needed sleep. “Alcohol impacts the body’s ability to go into REM sleep, which tends to be one of the deeper levels of sleep. So you’re not getting the full impact of a night’s sleep if you’re sleeping after having used alcohol,” notes Murphy. Tisch, Luo and Harvey return to explain their conscious decisions not to drink. Tisch points to a need to be in control and his obligation to work hard for his team. “If you drink, you’re not going to be able to perform at 100 percent,” he says. Luo explains that the fractions of a second that separate winners from losers in swimming keep her from drinking. “Working out is a big thing and if you drink alcohol…you take away all that you’ve worked up,” she says. Harvey credits a desire to be a good role model. “We have the kids from the middle school looking at us. We’re adults to them, older kids, whatever we do they’re going to follow,” he notes. Tisch and Luo then share that their decision not to drink has not caused much peer pressure. The narrator then lists the positive effects saying no to alcohol can have. Nondrinkers don’t risk their academic or athletic performances, have a reduced risk of breaking rules or laws, eliminate problems with drunk driving, alcohol-induced poor sexual decisions or addiction, and enhance their abilities to develop life skills. Sullivan adds that, contrary to popular belief, many teens choose not to drink and that DWIs and DUIs have dropped over the past few years. “Why is that? It’s people are getting information out there and taking an opportunity to learn,” he says. Next, the video turns to steroids. Janette explains that steroids are synthetic forms of the male sex hormone testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male characteristics. In the 1930s, German scientists developed steroids to treat men with unnaturally low testosterone levels, and today steroids are used to treat delayed puberty, impotence, cancer and HIV. But in the 1950s, bodybuilders started taking them to build muscle quickly. The experts acknowledge that steroids do enhance athletic performance by increasing strength and speed and reducing recovery time between workouts. But, as the narrator highlights, the drawbacks outweigh the benefits. First of all, steroids violate the principle of fair play by giving some athletes a edge over others. Steroids can also have a very negative effect on an athlete’s personality, increasing aggression and hostility. “‘Roid rage is a real thing…it’s documented, and some of the most brutal, horrific crimes are committed because people just snap,” says Janette. Increased aggression and mood swings can also cause friction among teammates.



PROGRAM SUMMARY CONTINUED

When it comes to the body, steroids cause the development of characteristics of the opposite sex. In girls, they cause increased facial and body hair, deepened voice, menstrual problems, reduced breast size and enlarged clitoris. Women can also do irreversible damage to their reproductive system or liver. In boys, steroids cause increased breast size, impotence, enlarged prostate, testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count, hair loss, severe acne, bad breath and nosebleeds. “So what exactly is wrong with this picture? If alcohol and steroids don’t belong in sports, then why are they here?” asks the narrator. The answer is simple: “Money is what allows this to be a part of athletics,” says Sullivan. Alcohol and drug companies use advertising to link their products with sports, hoping to bring in lots of cash—so, points out Sullivan, “We have to be really strong critics of media. And when we’re strong critics of media, we judge it accurately.” The video wraps up by emphasizing the importance of making decisions armed with good information. “The decisions you make now may affect the rest of your life,” says Janette. “Don’t be stupid, don’t go with the flow, be an individual. Those are the winners, because those are the people that legitimately go on to be the superstars, not only in sports, but in life. Those are the winners.”



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STUDENT ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1A

PRE/POST TEST Name: _____________________________________

Pre/Post Test 1. TRUE or FALSE: Alcohol is the most widely-abused

drug in America.

2. TRUE or FALSE: Alcohol has a dehydrating effect. 3. TRUE or FALSE: Because alcohol makes you drowsy,

it helps you to get a good night’s sleep.

4. TRUE or FALSE: Nondrinkers have a reduced risk of

breaking school rules or laws.

5. TRUE or FALSE: Few athletes drink to excess because

they don’t want to hurt their performances.

6. TRUE or FALSE: There are no legitimate or legal uses

for steroids.

7. TRUE or FALSE: Steroids increase strength and speed

and reduce recovery time between workouts.

8. TRUE or FALSE: “Roid rage” is a myth. 9. TRUE or FALSE: Steroids cause the body to develop

“opposite sex characteristics”—enlarged breasts for males, beard growth for females.

10. TRUE or FALSE: Some effects of steroids are

permanent and can never be reversed.

Answers to this test appear on the next page.


ACTIVITY 1B

PRE/POST TEST Name: _____________________________________

Answers to Pre/Post Test 1. TRUE or FALSE: Alcohol is the most widely-abused

drug in America. TRUE

2. TRUE or FALSE: Alcohol has a dehydrating effect. TRUE 3. TRUE or FALSE: Because alcohol makes you drowsy,

it helps you to get a good night’s sleep. FALSE

4. TRUE or FALSE: Nondrinkers have a reduced risk of

breaking school rules or laws. TRUE

5. TRUE or FALSE: Few athletes drink to excess because

they don’t want to hurt their performances. FALSE

6. TRUE or FALSE: There are no legitimate or legal uses

for steroids. FALSE

7. TRUE or FALSE: Steroids increase strength and speed

and reduce recovery time between workouts. TRUE

8. TRUE or FALSE: “Roid rage” is a myth. FALSE 9. TRUE or FALSE: Steroids cause the body to develop

“opposite sex characteristics”—enlarged breasts for males, beard growth for females.

TRUE

10. TRUE or FALSE: Some effects of steroids are

permanent and can never be reversed. TRUE


ACTIVITY 2A

DO YOU BUY IT? Name: _____________________________________

Chances are that you’ve seen TV commercials or magazine ads that link athletics, athletes and alcohol. For alcohol companies, drinking and sports go together in a big way. Many ad campaigns feature sports stars, and beer or liquor commercials are very popular during sporting events on TV. Popularity means profit for the alcohol industry. Need proof? Consider these facts:

60 percent of the all the advertising money that alcohol companies spend goes toward sports programs on TV.

Budweiser spent 80 percent of its advertising budget on sports programs in 2001, 2002 and 2003.

Alcohol companies spend millions of dollars on ads during big games like the NCAA basketball tournament or the Super Bowl.

Now let’s take a closer look at the connection between alcohol and athletics.

PART ONE: Choose a sporting event on TV and watch for one hour. It can be a professional soccer game, a college basketball game, or any other athletic event that includes commercial advertising. Keep track of the total number of commercials you see during the hour, as well as the number of alcohol commercials. For each commercial, make a tally mark on the chart below. Be sure to answer the questions on the next pages as well.

Beer Commercials

Liquor Commercials

All Other Commercials

This activity is continued on the next page.


ACTIVITY 2B

DO YOU BUY IT? Name: _____________________________________

PART TWO: Type of sporting event: Time you watched (ex. 7-8 pm) How many total ads did you see? How many beer ads did you see? How many liquor ads (not beer) did you see? Which brands of alcoholic products did you see commercials for? Why do you think an alcohol company would spend money on ads during a sporting event? What do alcohol ads during sporting events imply about the athletes? What do these ads imply about the fans?



ACTIVITY 2C

DO YOU BUY IT? Name: _____________________________________

1.

PART THREE: Choose an alcohol ad that uses athletes (or regular people playing sports) to sell its product. It may be a commercial that you saw during your sporting event, another commercial you have seen, or a magazine ad. Analyze the advertisement by answering the questions below.

What product is being advertised? 2. Does the ad feature famous athletes or regular people playing sports? 3. Who is the target audience for this ad? Who is the company trying to reach? 4. How does the ad connect sports with drinking? 5. Does the ad imply that your athletic skills will improve if you buy the product? If

yes, how does it make that suggestion? 6. Does the ad imply that you will have more fun if you buy the product? If yes, how? 7. Do you think this ad is effective? Why or why not?


ACTIVITY 3

HELP IS ON THE WAY Name: _____________________________________

Have you ever worried that a friend or teammate might have a problem with alcohol or steroids? Abusing alcohol or steroids is risky behavior, whether you are an athlete or not. Even if you really want to help, you may not know exactly what to do or say, or you may be afraid. The best way to prepare yourself is to think through any concerns you have ahead of time. Below are some common fears that could get in the way of taking action. Consider some ways that you could solve each one.

PROBLEM 1: “I don’t know how to bring up the topic.”

SOLUTION:

PROBLEM 2: “I don’t want to get my friend in trouble.”

SOLUTION:

PROBLEM 3: “It never seems like the right time to talk about it.”

SOLUTION:

PROBLEM 4: “I bet my friend will deny he has a problem.”

SOLUTION:

PROBLEM 5: “I don’t know exactly what kind of professional help she needs.”

SOLUTION:

If you’re stuck for ideas, ask your teacher for a copy of the How to Help fact sheet.


ACTIVITY 4

FACE THE CONSEQUENCES Name: _____________________________________

Abusing alcohol or using steroids is like playing with fire—there are all kinds of things that can go wrong. Can you think of all the consequences that a drinker or steroid user would have to face? List ten negative consequences that alcohol or steroids can have on YOU. Think broadly. How could these drugs affect your health? Academics? Family relationships? Friends?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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10.

Athletes who drink alcohol or use steroids have to face their own sets of problems in addition to the ten things you just listed. In the space below, list five more negative consequences that would affect an athlete. Some ideas to get you started are eligibility, performance, and relationships with teammates and coaches.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


ACTIVITY 5

TAKE TWO Name: _____________________________________

You’ve probably seen at least one sports movie that featured an inspiring story about an athlete who worked hard, overcame the odds and succeeded. There are all kinds of films about all kinds of sports—boxing, soccer, long-distance running, hockey, karate and much more. Choose a movie and think about what would have happened if the athlete drank alcohol instead of focusing on his or her sport. Examples of good movie choices are Hoosiers, Rudy and The Mighty Ducks. Choose an important scene from the movie (it can be a big game or a key practice), then rewrite it to reflect what would have happened if the characters got drunk the night before. Use the same basic plot and the same characters. You can write your scene as either a story or as a movie script. Use an additional sheet of paper if you need more space.

SPORTS MOVIE “TAKE TWO”


ACTIVITY 6A

DEALING WITH STRESS Name: _____________________________________

Some athletes choose to drink alcohol because they think it’s a good way to relieve stress. Some athletes use steroids in response to pressure to win from coaches, parents or teammates. But even though student-athletes must deal with more stress than the average teenager, the fact is that drinking alcohol or using illegal drugs like steroids will ultimately create more problems than they could ever solve. Read the following seven scenarios and suggest a way for each athlete to relieve his or her stress without turning to alcohol or drugs. 1. Mandy

Mandy is on the school lacrosse team and in the drama club—in addition to her heavy class schedule. Doing well in school as well as on the field and onstage is very important to her, so she spends a lot of time on both homework and practice. Sometimes she gets only a few hours of sleep each night. When she gets too stressed out, Mandy “lets off some steam” by drinking at parties on the weekends.

What can Mandy do instead?

2. Tim Tim’s hockey team is doing really well this season. They are in position to win the conference championship. Their toughest challenge will be on Monday when they face their undefeated cross-town rivals, who have won the conference for four years in a row. Tim’s coach is putting a lot of pressure on him to perform well, and he knows how badly his teammates all want to win. To try to forget his nervousness about the big game, Tim decides to get drunk on Saturday night with some friends.

What can Tim do instead?



ACTIVITY 6B


3. Alice

Alice has been playing soccer ever since she was little, and she can’t picture her life without it. But last week in practice she hurt her knee, and she is waiting to get test results back from the doctor. There is a possibility that she needs surgery—if that happens, she will be out of competition for six months. Alice is so worried that she has been sneaking drinks out of her parents’ liquor cabinet after school to calm down.

What can Alice do instead?

4. Mason Mason’s biggest goal is to win a college football scholarship. Now, it’s his senior year and college scouts are showing up to a lot of his games. He knows he must play his very best in order to go to his favorite school. The pressure is starting to get to him. Mason is coping by getting drunk after games with his brother.

What can Mason do instead?

5. Wendy Wendy comes from a very athletic family—her parents both played basketball in college, and her two sisters were state champions in track at her high school. Wendy competes in track too. She feels a lot of pressure from her parents to succeed. They constantly ask her how practice is going and yell at her when she doesn’t win a race. Sometimes, Wendy gets so stressed out that she drinks to forget her troubles.

What can Wendy do instead?



ACTIVITY 6C


6. Shawn

All Shawn has ever wanted to be was a baseball player, and he worked very hard for years to build his skills. All the weight lifting and conditioning seemed to pay off when he made the varsity team as a freshman, and he soon earned a starting spot. But after a while Shawn got discouraged with his performance—he just wasn’t improving like he wanted to and he was afraid he’d lose his spot in the starting lineup. He finally decided to try steroids, hoping they would bring his game to the next level.

What can Shawn do instead?

7. Willow Willow was thrilled when she made her school’s cheerleading squad—they competed at national meets and had won the state championship for two years. But she soon became overcome with self-consciousness; in her mind, all the other girls were so much prettier and thinner than she was. Willow couldn’t imagine being seen in public in her cheerleading uniform, and she got more and more nervous as the first football game approached. After hearing that steroids would make her lose weight quickly and help her get toned, Willow started buying them from an older guy at school.

What can Willow do instead?


ACTIVITY 7A

RESEARCH PROJECT Name: _____________________________________

Research one of the topics below, and write a brief 1-2 page paper on your findings. You can gather information at your school or local library, as well as on the Internet. Use a Resource Tracker to collect information. Each topic has a series of questions to get you started.

THE RISKS OF ALCOHOL Drunk Driving: How prevalent is this phenomenon? How many teenagers are affected by drunk driving? What laws does your state have regarding drinking and driving? What are the penalties?

Alcohol Poisoning: What is alcohol poisoning? What are the symptoms? How many teenagers suffer from alcohol poisoning each year? How can you prevent it?

Long-Term Health Effects of Drinking: What are they? Who is likely to suffer from these effects? Why do these problems develop? What are the treatments? How many people suffer from each health effect?

Links to Violence: What does alcohol have to do with violent crimes like assault and rape? Why do these connections exist? How many people are affected by alcohol-related violence?

ATHLETES AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE Alcohol and Performance: What does drinking alcohol do to the body? How can it affect an athlete’s performance? How long would an athlete feel negative effects after a session of binge drinking?

Binge Drinking and College Athletes: What have studies discovered about the way that many college athletes drink? How is binge drinking defined? Are certain types of college students more likely to binge drink than others?

Steroids and the Law: What can happen to a teen caught using steroids? What are the International Olympic Committee rules regarding steroid use? How about the NBA, NFL, MLB or NCAA? When were steroids banned from use? Why? What are the penalties a professional athlete faces if caught using steroids? How about an Olympic athlete?

How Steroids Affect the Body: What are the positive effects steroids have on the body? What are the negative effects, both short term and long term? Why do these side effects occur? How are men and women affected differently by steroids? Why?



ACTIVITY 7B

RESEARCH PROJECT Name: _____________________________________

PROS, FANS AND ALCOHOL Famous Cases: Which athletes have been in the news for their drinking? Have any famous athletes been involved in alcohol-related violence or fighting? What penalties do these athletes face?

Binge Drinking and Fans: What connections are there between sports fans and binge drinking behavior? What kinds of studies have been done? Why does this connection exist?

Ads and Sports: How much alcohol advertising can be seen during sporting events? Which sporting events feature the most alcohol advertising? Why do companies buy time during these events? What steps are being proposed to change this trend?


ACTIVITY 7C

RESOURCE TRACKER Name: _____________________________________

Title of book or article: Title of book or article: Author(s): Author(s): Published by / web URL: Published by / web URL: Copyright date: Copyright date: Subject covered: Subject covered: Quote(s): Quote(s): Notes: Notes:


ACTIVITY 8

TEAM PLEDGE Name: _____________________________________

Some of the best things about participating in athletics—competition, personal development and bonds with teammates—are the very same things that can be negatively affected by drinking or using performance enhancing drugs. Why would anyone risk ruining such wonderful benefits by using alcohol or steroids? Think about all the reasons why you and your teammates would want to abstain from drinking and drugs. What are the positive effects of this decision? How will deciding not to use such substances help your team achieve its goals? If you are not on a team, imagine what would be important to you if you were. Write a team pledge that explains why you will not drink alcohol or use steroids. Include ways that you will support each other in this decision. Use the space below for notes and a rough draft. When you are done, write or type out a final copy and have each of your teammates and your coach sign it. Post it in the locker room or near the court or field to remind you of your promise to each other.

PLEDGE NOTES


ACTIVITY 9A

DEBUNK THAT MYTH Name: _____________________________________

There are all kinds of myths surrounding drinking and sports in our society. Often, people will use these myths as excuses for their behavior without even really thinking about them. Imagine that you are talking to the people whose comments are listed below. Using what you learned in the video, explain why their statements are just myths. Example: “The best way to get over a loss is to get drunk and forget about it.”

Actually: Getting drunk won’t change the fact that you lost. In fact, it can hurt your chances to improve. Hangovers cause dehydration, nausea and exhaustion. The effects can last up to 14 hours. You won’t be able to play your best for the next game if you get drunk beforehand.

1. “It’s just more fun to watch the game if you’re drinking with buddies.”

Actually:

2. “A really tough athlete should be able to handle drinking a lot quickly.” Actually:

3. “I’ll never be able to compete with the top athletes if I don’t take steroids.” Actually:

4. “Professional athletes get drunk all the time.” Actually:



ACTIVITY 9B

DEBUNK THAT MYTH Name: _____________________________________

5. “Steroids are a safe and easy way to lose fat and build muscle quickly.” Actually:

6. “The only way to celebrate a big win is with lots of champagne.” Actually:

7. “It’s not a big deal if I drink—it’s not going to hurt me or my performance.” Actually:

8. “Some of the best professional athletes owe their success to steroids.” Actually:


ACTIVITY 10

ROLE MODEL PROFILE Name: _____________________________________

Sometimes it seems that we only hear about the athletes who have done something wrong, like getting caught using drugs or behaving illegally in public. Have you heard news reports about some prominent baseball players, like the Orioles’ Rafael Palmeiro and the Mariners’ Ryan Franklin, being suspended for steroid use? But when reporters and fans focus on these few stars, they overlook all the positive role models out there. For this activity, choose one athlete who has taken a public stand against drugs and/or alcohol. It can be someone who has participated in community service programs, a spokesperson for an anti-drug or anti-drinking campaign, or someone who speaks out publicly about a personal decision not to use drugs or alcohol. Research your role model and write a one-to-two page paper about him or her. Keep these questions in mind as you gather information.

What sport does your role model play? What team is your role model on? What teams

has he/she been on in the past? Has your role model had any personal or family

experiences with drugs and drinking? Is your role model involved with an anti-drug

organization or campaign? How did he or she become involved?

What does your role model have to say about

drinking and drugs? Does he or she have any memorable quotes?

Has your role model done anything to address the

problem of drugs and drinking, like donating money or volunteering time?


ACTIVITY 11A

CLASS DEBATE Name: _____________________________________

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3.

Not everyone agrees on the best way to handle the issues surrounding sports and drugs. Explore some different opinions by holding a series of debates with your classmates.

PART ONE: Preparation

Get into groups. The number of people in each group will depend on how many are in your class, but each group should be roughly equal.

Choose your topic from the Topic List below. Each topic will have two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A will argue one side of the issue and Group B will argue the opposing side. It’s okay if you don’t personally agree with your group’s side of the issue—your job is to make a solid argument based on facts.

Research your topic using books, newspapers, and the Internet. You and your group should find the strongest reasons you can to support your argument. Look for statistics, research studies, and expert opinions.

Prepare a five-to-ten minute presentation that explains your group’s opinion.

PART TWO: Debate

Flip a coin to see which group on your topic, A or B, will present their argument first. Both groups will then argue in front of the class.

After both groups have presented, each group can take a few minutes to respond to what the other said.

Ask your classmates what they think about the topic. When you are finished discussing it, take a vote. What did the majority of people think?

Topic 1: Alcohol Advertising and Sporting Events Group A: Alcohol companies should NOT be allowed to advertise during sporting events. It

creates an unhealthy link between alcohol and athletics.

versus Group B: Alcohol companies SHOULD be allowed to advertise during sporting events. It is

their right to reach consumers.



ACTIVITY 11B

CLASS DEBATE Name: _____________________________________

Topic 2: Student-Athletes and Drug Testing Group A: The school SHOULD be allowed to randomly test athletes for drugs. It will help

them stay healthy and safe.

versus Group B: The school should NOT be allowed to randomly test athletes for drugs. It is an

invasion of privacy.

Topic 3: Fans and Alcohol Group A: Stadiums should NOT be allowed to sell alcohol during games. It creates too

many problems.

versus Group B: Stadiums SHOULD be allowed to sell alcohol during games. It’s the fans’ job to

drink responsibly.

Topic 4: Student-Athletes and Punishment Group A: A high school athlete caught drinking should be punished. He or she should be

suspended or kicked off the team.

versus Group B: A high school athlete caught drinking won’t be helped by punishment. He or she

should get alcohol counseling.

Topic 5: Professional Athletes and Punishment Group A: A pro athlete caught using steroids should be banned from the sport for life. It

should be considered cheating and punished harshly.

versus Group B: It’s enough to suspend or fine a pro athlete caught using steroids. That alone will

be a sufficient deterrent, and it gives the athlete another chance to mend his or her ways.

Topic 6: Choose your own topic Get your topic approved by your teacher before you begin.


ACTIVITY 12

DESIGN AN AD CAMPAIGN Name: _____________________________________

1.

2.

3.

4.

You’ve probably seen countless alcohol ads by now—on TV and the radio, in newspapers and magazines, and even on the Internet. But what do you think would happen if there were an equal number of ads that encouraged people NOT to drink or use steroids? It’s your job to design an ad campaign that discourages athletes from drinking or doping. You can choose to design either one ad or commercial, or a connected series of commercials for any medium you want—TV, radio, print or Internet. Be creative! How can you get your message across in an interesting and effective way?

Pick a Method Alcohol companies use a variety of methods to make their products look good. Take a cue from them when you design your anti-alcohol or anti-steroids ad—what method will you use to convince athletes NOT to drink or use steroids? Here are a few examples: The Facts Method: uses facts about the risks of drinking alcohol or using steroids and the harms it can do to an athlete’s body. The Manipulation Method: shows the audience how alcohol companies use sports to manipulate consumers for their own profit. The “Not-Everybody’s-Doing-It” Method: corrects misperceptions by showing young athletes and fans that most of their peers actually choose not to drink or use steroids. Which method would be most effective on YOU?

Think it Through Take a few minutes to plan out your campaign. Answer the questions below on a separate piece of paper to get started.

Which type of ads do you remember best: those you’ve seen on TV, radio, newspaper, magazine or Internet?

Why do you think those ads are so memorable?

Can you think of any ads that you really liked, or that really impressed or persuaded you? What products were they for?

Why do you think those ads were so impressive or persuasive?

Create a Campaign Now, design your ad campaign. If you choose to do a TV or radio commercial, write a script and record it. If you choose a print or Internet ad, draw it on poster board. When you’re done, display your ad in class.


ACTIVITY 13

ALCOHOL ON TRIAL Name: _____________________________________

Who is responsible when something goes wrong—like a crime or an accident—and alcohol is involved? Is it entirely the fault of the person who committed the crime or do the people who provided the alcohol deserve some of the blame, too? Here’s your chance to decide by writing and performing a dramatic courtroom skit that puts the accused criminal and the alcohol supplier on trial.

PART ONE: Get into small groups of two to four students. With your group, invent a crime story by choosing one item from each group below.

INCIDENT: a brawl that sends someone to the

hospital a rape or sexual assault a drunk driving crash that injures a

bystander a case of alcohol poisoning

SITUATION: a tailgate party before a big game a bar during an NCAA basketball

finals two-dollar drink special a professional football game at a

stadium a victory celebration

VICTIM: a 17-year-old high school student a 30-year-old parent of two a 22-year-old college athlete a 45-year-old neighbor

DEFENDANT: a 16-year-old celebrating a birthday a 22-year-old college athlete a 25-year-old fan a 50-year-old parent of an athlete

ALCOHOL SUPPLIER: an older sibling a stadium concession stand a bar a team manager

PART TWO: Put the five elements you have chosen together into a story by adding details. Then, prepare and practice a skit that explains your story and sets up a trial for the defendant AND the alcohol supplier. Make sure your trial includes:

An explanation of what happened A lawyer for the prosecution A lawyer for the defense A judge and jury A verdict Any other courtroom activities, such as witnesses, closing arguments or cross-examinations


ACTIVITY 14

THE BIG GAME SPECIAL Name: _____________________________________

1.

One common connection between alcohol and sports fans is the “drink special,” where a bar or pub offers reduced prices on alcoholic beverages or promotes other incentives to get people to drink while they watch sporting events. What kind of specials are there, and how do they affect what fans do? Find an example of a sports-related drink special at a nearby bar, pub or restaurant. Look for ads on TV, in the newspaper or on flyers in the windows. You can also call local bars to find out what specials they offer. Then answer these questions. Use a separate sheet of paper if you need more space for your responses.

What special offer did you identify? Which bar or restaurant made the offer? 2. Is the special offered regularly (such as every week during Monday Night Football),

only on certain days (such as the Super Bowl)? 3. How does the bar advertise the special? 4. What kind of person do you think the bar is trying to reach by offering the special? 5. Is it a good business strategy for a bar to offer discounts or other incentives to sports

fans? Why or why not? 6. Do you think this special would attract more fans to the bar? Why or why not? 7. Do you think this special would make fans more likely to get drunk? 8. Do you think it’s a good idea for bars to offer sports-related specials? Why or why

not? 9. Why do you think some sports fans like to drink when they watch their team play?


ACTIVITY 15A

WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? Name: _____________________________________

Read the stories below. For each one, list at least eight bad things that could happen because of Ashley, Rick and Evan’s decisions to drink alcohol or use steroids. Think broadly—how will their coaches react? Their friends? The police? Their parents? Write your thoughts on a separate sheet of paper.

Ashley’s Story Ashley is a senior and the star player on her school’s volleyball team. She is being highly recruited to play in college on a full scholarship, and she has narrowed her choices down to three top schools. Ashley’s grades are average; she focuses most of her energy on volleyball, so she doesn’t study much. One night after a big win, Ashley’s boyfriend Sean and her teammates convince her to come out to a party with them. Even though her coach has a strict policy about drinking, she decides it won’t be a big deal. There is a lot of alcohol at the party and Ashley has a few mixed drinks—she doesn’t realize how strong they are, though, and soon she is very drunk. She begins dancing with a guy she doesn’t know, and he starts kissing her. Sean sees her from across the room and storms out of the party. Ashley tries to follow him and trips down the front stairs, hitting her head hard on the pavement and breaking her wrist. When the ambulance arrives, they realize she is underage. What could happen to Ashley?

Rick’s Story Rick is a great wrestler for his high school team, the Raiders, and a proud member of his school’s Role Model Club, which brings members to elementary schools to talk to the kids about making smart decisions. Next week is the biggest meet of the year, against a rival high school. Rick is hanging out with a group of his teammates on Saturday night when his friend’s older brother offers to buy them some beer. Rick doesn’t want to seem like a goody-goody, so he joins in. After drinking for a few hours, someone gets the idea to go to their rival school and spray-paint “Raiders Rule!” all over the walls. Before he knows it, Rick is at the school with a can of red paint in his hand. Some of the guys are screaming and cheering. It’s no wonder a neighbor calls the cops. When the police show up, most of the wrestlers take off running, but Rick and one other friend are caught. What could happen to Rick?



ACTIVITY 15B

WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? Name: _____________________________________

Evan’s Story Evan, an All-State running back for his high school, can’t wait for college to begin. He recently signed a letter of intent to go to a university with a top football team—and even better, his brother Ricardo will be a sophomore on the very same team the next year. The brothers start their summer conditioning program together, running sprints and lifting weights every morning before their summer jobs start. Evan can’t get over how much bigger and more muscular Ricardo is; he’s also noticed that his older brother is a lot moodier these days. One day after their workout, Evan catches Ricardo popping a pill into his mouth—Ricardo says he’ll let Evan in on his “secret weapon”—steroids. “Everybody on the team is doing it. There’s no way we could compete with some of those other schools if we didn’t, and besides, it won’t hurt you,” he says. Evan decides he’d better start taking them, too. He’s amazed by how much more muscle he has built by the end of the summer. But when the brothers head back to school for preseason practice, they get an unpleasant surprise: amid rumors of performance enhancing drug use by the team, their coach has decided that all players will be drug tested. There’s no way Evan or his brother can escape being caught. What could happen to Evan?


ACTIVITY 16

A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD Name: _____________________________________

Imagine that you’ve been hired by the first-ever Board of Directors for the brand-new NBBA: the National Boogleball Association. The committee was formed to regulate professional boogleball, the newest sports craze. They need your help. It’s your job to write the national charter for this sport, particularly the rules (and the reasons behind them) concerning drug use among athletes. The Board gave you an outline of important points for the drug use section. Now you must write up an official boogleball policy on a separate sheet of paper.

NBBA STEROID POLICY: OUTLINE Please address each point in your official draft. Thank you! ~ The NBBA Board

We’re worried about athletes using steroids—but should we completely ban them, or allow some steroid use? Please explain your choice in the policy guidelines.

How will athletes be tested for steroid use? How often? Who will

be responsible for the testing—the athletes themselves, their coaches, an independent group, or someone else?

How will we punish athletes who break the rules—for example:

fines, suspension, expulsion from the NBBA? Why did you choose that punishment?

We here at the NBBA are very concerned about fairness and

sportsmanship. How will this policy ensure that boogleball is played fairly?

Is steroid use the same as cheating? Why or why not?

How will this policy protect the athletes? How will it protect

the fans?


FACT SHEETS

FACT SHEET 1

DID YOU KNOW? Name: _____________________________________

• College athletes report binge drinking (five or more drinks in a row for a man and four or

more drinks in a row for a woman) more often, using alcohol more heavily and experiencing a greater number of alcohol-related harms than non-athletes (The Harvard School of Public Health 2001).

• Male college athletes reported binge drinking 16 percent more often than non-athletes. Female college athletes reported binge drinking 19 percent more often than non-athletes (The Harvard School of Public Health 2001).

• Alcohol is the most abused substance by both teenagers and by all athletes, from junior high through the professional level (ESPN).

• A 2002 survey reported that 2.5 percent of eighth graders have tried steroids at least once. For tenth graders, the number was 3.5 percent , and for twelfth graders it was 4 percent (National Institute on Drug Abuse).

• 53 percent of college students who are sports fans binge when they drink. However, only 41 percent of male students and 37 percent of female students who are not sports fans report binge drinking (The Harvard School of Public Health 2002).

• Up to 1.1 million teenagers have taken a performance enhancing drug or supplement at least once (www.theantidrug.com).

• In 2002, alcohol companies spent 27.7 million dollars on ads during the men’s NCAA basketball tournament (Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth).

• Steroid use is rising among young athletes—and the fastest-growing groups are weightlifters and gymnasts (The Mayo Clinic).

• In 2002, alcohol companies spent 991 million dollars on TV ads. 60 percent of those ads were shown on sports programs (The Marin Institute).

• Budweiser spent over 80 percent of its TV ad expenditures on sports programming in 2001, 2002, and 2003 (Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth).

• Alcohol companies spend huge amounts of money advertising during “big games.” For example, in 2003 these companies spent 38.4 million dollars on ads during the NFL’s Monday Night Football, 21.1 million dollars during the NCAA basketball tournament, and 29.6 million dollars during the Super Bowl (Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth).

• One 1996 study found that the teens responded more positively to beer ads that featured sports than to beer ads that didn’t involve sports (The Physician and Sportsmedicine June 2000).

• Sports fans are more likely to cite “getting drunk” as an important reason for drinking alcohol than non-fans (Health on the Net Foundation 2002).


FACT SHEET 2

SIGNS OF A DRINKING PROBLEM Name: _____________________________________

How can you tell if a friend or teammate has developed a drinking problem? Ask yourself the following questions. If you answer “yes” to more than one, your friend may need your help. See Fact Sheet 3 for tips on what to do next.

DOES THE PERSON… feel that he/she can’t have fun in social situations unless he/she is drunk? need to drink to feel self-confident? lie about how much alcohol he/she drinks or hide alcohol? pressure you to drink too? ever drink and drive? react angrily if you mention you are worried about how much he/she is drinking? drinks to the point of passing out? seem to have lost interest in school, sports, or practice? hang out with a group of friends who drink a lot? miss class often or have dropping grades? use mints or mouthwash often to hide the smell of alcohol on his/her breath? spend a lot of money on alcohol? ever get arrested or fined for drinking? ever have to go to the hospital from drinking too much? talk about drinking or partying all the time?


FACT SHEET 3

HOW TO HELP Name: _____________________________________

Some people think that drinking too much is “just a part of growing up,” or that it’s “not a big deal,” but alcohol use can have deadly consequences. Teens who drink put themselves at risk for all kinds of problems, from academic trouble to short-term health issues to serious bodily harm and even death. Likewise, young people who use steroids face an array of serious, non-reversible and even deadly risks. If you know someone who has a problem with alcohol or steroids, you have to do everything you can to get help. Here are some tips to get you started:

WORK UP YOUR COURAGE It’s hard to confront a friend about a drug problem—you may be afraid that he will get angry or that your friendship will be damaged. The most important thing, though, is that your friend learn how to overcome his problem. Remind yourself that you are not betraying him or judging him—you are being a true friend.

BE PREPARED Think about what you want to say before you bring up the topic. It might help to talk to a neutral adult, like a teacher or a guidance counselor, to get advice on what to say. Be ready for your friend to get angry or defensive, but don’t back down.

SHOW YOU CARE Make sure you tell your friend that you care about her and want her to be safe and healthy. Tell her that you’re worried about her drinking or drug use and you’re afraid she could hurt herself. Don’t accuse her of anything or call her an alcoholic.

BE SPECIFIC Bring up specific events or incidents—for example, tell your friend that the way he acted at a party last week worries you. Stick to the facts as much as you can.

FIND PROFESSIONAL HELP The best thing you can do for your friend is to be there for her. An alcohol or steroid problem is too big for you to solve by yourself, so talk to an adult you trust to find out some options for professional treatment. Look for a school support group, a local treatment center, or a national program like Alcoholics Anonymous to recommend.


FACT SHEET 4

ALCOHOL AND THE BODY Name: _____________________________________

Alcohol has a variety of effects on the body, both in the short term and over time.

SHORT-TERM RISKS

dizziness

slurred speech

disturbed sleep

nausea and vomiting

impaired judgment and coordination

confusion

slowed reactions

alcohol poisoning

LONG-TERM RISKS

alcoholism

brain damage

cirrhosis of the liver

heart disease

high blood pressure

stroke

cancer (of the esophagus, mouth, throat, or colon)

pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)


FACT SHEET 5

STEROIDS AND THE BODY Name: _____________________________________

Read on to learn what steroids can do to: YOUR ORGANS: increase risk of heart disease or heart attack. Steroids cause new cells to grow in the heart—

cells that the body may not be able to provide with oxygen, causing a heart attack. cause liver problems. Steroids are very difficult for the liver to process and can lead to liver

cancer, peliosis hepatitis (blood-filled pockets that form in the liver), or hepatitis from sharing dirty needles to inject the drug.

cause severe acne and scarring by stimulating the production of skin oils increase blood pressure and decrease the amount of “good” cholesterol in the blood impair thyroid function cause a stroke due to lack of oxygen in the brain YOUR MUSCLES & BONES: increase muscle mass cause stress to the joints and ligaments, making injury more likely flood the body with unnatural hormones that trick the bones’ growth plates into closing

prematurely and making users shorter than they would have been without drugs YOUR MIND & EMOTIONS: cause delusions and anxiety cause hyperactivity lead to paranoid jealousy induce mood swings cause “roid rages” and aggressive behavior provoke suicidal thoughts SPECIAL RISKS FOR MEN: lead to the development of breasts raise voice tone cause hair loss

shrink testicles lead to impotence and lowered sperm count lead to problems urinating

SPECIAL RISKS FOR WOMEN: deepen the voice cause breasts to shrink lead to hair loss

cause menstrual irregularities lead to facial hair growth


FACT SHEET 6

ALCOHOL AND THE ATHLETE Name: _____________________________________

Athletes face even more risks and consequences than the average teen when they decide to drink. Alcohol can negatively affect your performance on the field or on the court in many ways. For example: • Alcohol will make you get exhausted faster and hurt your endurance. • Drinking lowers testosterone levels, which means less muscular strength for boys. • Alcohol deprives your body of important minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium,

and zinc. Without these minerals, your coordination will suffer and your nerves and muscles won’t work at top speed.

• Drinking raises your blood pressure, affecting your cardiovascular system. • Drinking makes it harder for your body to convert food to energy, which lowers your

aerobic performance. • Alcohol is dehydrating! For every drink you have, you lose about four ounces of fluid. • Drinking interferes with your body’s ability to break down fat and sugar. Just one night

of heavy drinking can make fat accumulate in your liver, hurting your performance. • Alcohol hurts your cells’ ability to absorb nutrients—so even if you’re eating right,

your body won’t get the full benefit. • Drinking increases your risk of muscle cramps. • Drinking makes injuries worse by increasing the swelling around sprains or bruises,

lengthening your recovery time.


FACT SHEET 7

A DANGEROUS COMBINATION Name: _____________________________________

Mixing sports fans with binge drinking results in a whole lot more than “harmless fun” on the sidelines. In fact, the combination of alcohol and sporting events leads to all kinds of serious problems—from property damage to violence and even death. Consider these harms: • The problems that come from alcohol abuse, like violence, vandalism, drunk driving,

and public disturbances, cost every American about 683 dollars a year. The cost is even higher for sports fans who drink heavily (George Washington University Medical Center).

• Sports fans are more likely to suffer an alcohol-related injury than non-fans (The

Harvard School of Public Health 2001). • Students at colleges with a high percentage of sports fans are more likely to suffer from

the secondhand effects of binge drinking—like assault and having their property vandalized. (The Harvard School of Public Health 2001).

• Super Bowl Sunday, along with St. Patrick’s Day and New Year’s Eve, is one of the

year’s deadliest days for alcohol-related traffic crashes (Mothers Against Drunk Driving).

• Alcohol poisoning is a real risk for sports fans, like 19-year-old Samantha Spady of

Colorado State University. Samantha died from alcohol poisoning in September of 2004 after consuming 30-40 drinks over a ten-hour period surrounding the University of Colorado-Colorado State football game (Sports Illustrated).

• Alcohol-fueled riots can also have deadly results. 21-year-old Victoria Snelgrove was

killed after Red Sox fans rioted in Boston after their team won the World Series in October of 2004. Victoria was a bystander, but she was still hit in the eye by a plastic ball which had been fired by police in an attempt to control the crowd (USA Today).


FACT SHEET 8

STEROID BASICS Name: _____________________________________

WHAT ARE STEROIDS?

Steroids are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. The official name, “anabolic-androgenic steroids,” gives an important clue to their nature: “anabolic” means muscle-building and “androgenic” means concerning male characteristics.

WHAT DO STEROIDS DO?

Steroids promote skeletal muscle growth, enabling a user to bulk up quickly and increase muscle mass. They also reduce recovery time after a workout. However, these positive effects come with a long list of dangerous side effects, including heart attack, stroke, acne, bad breath, sterility, and the development of characteristics of the opposite sex.

DO STEROIDS HAVE ANY LEGAL USES?

Yes. Steroids were originally developed to help cancer patients and victims of starvation, and those uses continue today under doctor supervision. Patients with AIDS, cancer, anemia, or males who suffer from conditions related to low testosterone levels may be prescribed steroids as treatment. However, using steroids legally is very different from using them to bulk up; often, illegal users will inject or ingest 10 to 100 times the amount a doctor would recommend.

HOW ARE STEROIDS TAKEN?

Steroids can be taken orally as a tablet, injected into the muscles with a needle, or rubbed into the skin in ointment form. Illegal users have several methods of taking steroids. “Stacking” refers to taking two or more types of steroids at a time, believing that their interaction will have a greater muscle-building effect. “Pyramiding” means taking steroids in 6-12 week cycles, gradually building up the doses, then reducing them again. The effectiveness of stacking and pyramiding have not been medically proven, and mixing drugs can cause unpredictable and dangerous interactions.

ARE STEROIDS BANNED FROM ATHLETIC COMPETITION?

Most athletic organizations have banned the use of anabolic steroids, including the International Olympic Committee, the National Football League (NFL), the NBA (National Basketball Association), Major League Baseball (MLB) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).


FACT SHEET 9A

BIBLIOGRAPHY Name: _____________________________________

Alcohol, http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.html Alcohol Advertising on Sports TV, 2001-2003,

www.camy.org/factsheets/index.php?FactsheetID=20 Alcohol and College Athletes, www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/Documents/alcohol_0109/, January

2001. Alcohol and Sports: An Unhealthy Mix, www.marininstitute.org/alcohol_industry/sports.htm Alcohol and Sports Performance,

www.uwsp.edu/centers/StudentHealthPromotion/EducationTopics/Alcohol/Alcohol5.htm

Alcohol, College Sports, and Advertising, www.duke.edu/~amwhite/college/college5.htm Alcohol: What You Don’t Know Can Harm You, www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/harm-

al.htm Are Steroids Worth the Risk? http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/steroids.html Carr, Christopher N., Shannon R. Kennedy and Kenneth M. Dimick. “Alcohol Use Among

High School Athletes.” The Prevention Researcher 3 (1996) 1-3. Coaching Resources, http://kids.ncaasports.com/thechalkboard/coaching/winners2.php Drugs and Sports, http://espn.go.com/special/s/drugsandsports/alcohol.html Facts for Athletes about Alcohol,

www.gmu.edu/student/hwc/saps/factsathletesaboutalcohol.pdf Heyman, Steven R. “Psychological Factors in Athletes’ Substance Use.” The Prevention

Researcher 3 (1996) 3-5. How Can I Tell if a Friend Has a Drug Problem? www.drugfreeamerica.org MADD Tackles Drunk Driving 2001 Super Bowl Sunday,

www.madd.org/news/0,1056,2475,00.html Mayo Clinic, www.mayoclinic.com McAllister, Mike. Beer Muscles. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/basketball/

nba/11/23/alcohol/, November 23, 2004.


http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.html

http://www.camy.org/factsheets/index.php?FactsheetID=20

http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/Documents/alcohol_0109/

http://www.marininstitute.org/alcohol_industry/sports.htm

http://www.uwsp.edu/centers/StudentHealthPromotion/EducationTopics/Alcohol/Alcohol5.htm

http://www.uwsp.edu/centers/StudentHealthPromotion/EducationTopics/Alcohol/Alcohol5.htm

http://www.duke.edu/~amwhite/college/college5.htm

http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/harm-al.htm

http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/harm-al.htm

http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/steroids.html

http://kids.ncaasports.com/thechalkboard/coaching/winners2.php

http://espn.go.com/special/s/drugsandsports/alcohol.html

http://www.gmu.edu/student/hwc/saps/factsathletesaboutalcohol.pdf

http://www.drugfreeamerica.org/

http://www.madd.org/news/0,1056,2475,00.html

http://www.mayoclinic.com/

http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/basketball/ nba/11/23/alcohol/

http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/basketball/ nba/11/23/alcohol/

FACT SHEET 9B

BIBLIOGRAPHY Name: _____________________________________

Moulton, Michael, Patrice Moulton, Tara Gallien, and Scott Roach. “Generic Alcoholism:

Are College Athletes at Risk?” The Sport Journal 3 (2000), www.thesportjournal.org/2000Journal/Vol3-No2/Moulton.asp

National Institute on Drug Abuse, www.drugabuse.gov NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin—Anabolic Steroids,

www.drugabuse.gov/SteroidAlert/Steroidalert.htm Parents: The Anti-Drug, www.theantidrug.com Preidt, Robert. Alcohol-Related Incidents Take Joy Out Of Sports ‘Celebrations.’

www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/columnist/thorne/2004-10-21-thorne_x.htm, October 21, 2004.

Rosenberg, Beth. STARR Theories Shine Encouraging Light in Division III Study,

www.ncaa.org/news/2004/20040621/div3/4113n24html Schwenk, Thomas L. “Alcohol Use in Adolescents.” The Physician and Sportsmedicine

28 (2000). Signs of Problem Drinking, www.med.unc.edu/alcohol/prevention/signs.html Sports Fans in College More Likely to Binge Drink,

http://alcoholism.about.com/library/blcas021213.htm Steroids and sports: A dangerous mix? www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/HQ/01105.html Teen Athletes More Likely to Binge, www.jointogether.org, April 4, 2001. The Sudsy Life of College Student Sports Fans, www.hon.ch/News/HSN/510857.html,

December 27, 2003. Tricker, Ray. “Preventing Substance Use in Young Athletes.” The Prevention Researcher 3

(1996) 6-9.


http://www.thesportjournal.org/2000Journal/Vol3-No2/Moulton.asp

http://www.drugabuse.gov/

http://www.drugabuse.gov/SteroidAlert/Steroidalert.htm

http://www.theantidrug.com/

http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/columnist/thorne/2004-10-21-thorne_x.htm

http://www.ncaa.org/news/2004/20040621/div3/4113n24html

http://www.med.unc.edu/alcohol/prevention/signs.html

http://alcoholism.about.com/library/blcas021213.htm

http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/HQ/01105.html

http://www.jointogether.org/

http://www.hon.ch/News/HSN/510857.html

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