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Slide 1
Atherosclerosisby Sidrah naseem (ug-3)
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body. Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic.
Atherosclerosis refers to the build up of fats and cholesterol on your artery walls (plaques), which can restrict blood flow.
2 CAUSESAtherosclerosis starts when the endothelium becomes damaged, allowing LDL cholesterol to accumulate in the artery wall. The body sends macrophage white blood cells to clean up the cholesterol, but sometimes the cells get stuck there at the affected site.
Over time this results in plaque being built up, consisting of bad cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) and macrophage white blood cells.
The plaque clogs up the artery, disrupting the flow of blood around the body. This potentially causes blood clots that can result in life-threatening conditions such asheart attack,strokeand other cardiovascular diseases.
3
4 RISK FACTORSHigh blood pressure
High cholesterol
Smoking and other sources of nicotine
Diabetes
Obesity
Family history5 COMPLICATIONSCoronary artery disease
Carotid artery disease
Peripheral artery disease
Aneurysms
6 DIAGNOSTIC TESTSBlood tests
Doppler ultrasound Ankle-brachial index
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Stress test
Cardiac catheterization and angiogram
CT scan or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Physical exam
7 MEDICATIONSCholesterol medications
Anti-platelet medications
Beta blocker medications
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Water pills (diuretics)
8 THERAPYAngioplasty and stent placement
Endarterectomy
Thrombolytic therapy
Bypass surgery
9 PREVENTIONStop smoking
Daily exercise
Healthy food
Maintain weight
Avoid stress
10 REFERENCES:http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/DS00525/DSECTION=prevention
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001224/
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/247837.php
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is-atherosclerosis
Thank you!11