at lYJ(f.1Ul'f - University of Hawaii€¦ · University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection l\rtitlP S07WT J41 43. The snorkel is a tube that is extended

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University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection

1

•

at lYJ(f.1Ul'f.l

L K. R. ,reiss. "SOIUlr

.4t1I'eI1i.ft:l~ ] 6 :\1. 'U"lIl1,II.".I.

of ........ ·i ... .". 'lA'1· ... 'I~:...,

:£i 2UU4 rht" .... li ... "',J,:; ...... AU Ofl"fl1t )'t'l,r/J(}(JI, 18: ...!.:_nl-~,Ju .. '

330


2.

mClluLi

(l"Iul

cuuse which we c~m-

SUll11nrmr,' IlldR:enlenll. 26 Au-................ '1""' l"I!:1III'UI'tt'o.e Motion

f.U 232 had \'iohUf.:d th ....


.U"U"'" J ... '" lhe the

.... lI •• I ... 'UlOlI. somh of of !'Ie\\' Sonar


'}UIJlIltm1me~, mill ,\rtivf

,l4()lma"\lJOIl. :"lo. C02-30 October

............ u •••. OI'dcr


fire .'''lIn~n.". U'3111jnf! in the l,;o,nlllllc.:m'li\'e;'lil

from Bird Protection Sec

....


stnl.l1d whales?"

20. Ibid. ~L M. P. Simmonds and L. F. LU.I.I'I.;6;-1 "\\'hales and the

351 j 991): 448.


Re.'wurt:es

25. Those whales whose sunar wuuld havt' died beroft"

...... ,..,._ .... , .... wh;,tJe elCOlISlic behaviors

No. C.·02-3805 2002 \!\'L Motion for a Prelimi

uLSk force's .1111;;in'!'illll

the


26. Center for BI()lol!,jC:~1 lJ'ive'rsl'f\' .l'01.mCI.:tUOIl. No. C02-5065. ~W02 WL OCIOi>l"'!r

Ope m 8.


st'arch .... I·.· .. "r""n" the Kana

:J3. Ibid. 34. Ibid. :~5. Ibid. :UL

o"'~J'reQluel:1CV SOllnd Scien tific Re.uUIIJI.I,g"' .... \JIlI"" ... I ..... LO SlIRTASS LFA off

15.

Sound R(. .... 4.


No. C....o2-3805 2002 WL Motion for a PreJimi·

Quoanl!' from Dedardlion

Sound and Ma-

of Authorization.


THE

secret.

41. inaJ:ii,I!;;"II!.lIU (ucccsst!d Ii

No. C..Q2-3805 EDL. 2002 \""1. :\1otion l'Or a Prelimi-

nary InluncUt:lrl,


l\rtitlP S07WT J41

43. The snorkel is a tube that is extended from a sm)m'CI~~ea subnm-rine, the submarine to obtain sufficient air to n"""" ... ~t"" its diesel eng-Ules while at a shaUow to avoid visual deltecliol11. Vst" uf the term snorkel ;15 " to snorkel or is common with subnmrine n""II'"I:"nn,pl

-H. refer to [heir crdft as "bmus." This is an to common r ... • ... "' ... "I."'''' which would dll"m as because of [heir siZt, and


8 more under construction. numbers ......... 01..1 ........ 1 6 and J06

construction


struction.

with

its low

use of active 50n31",

47. The EXt"cm-ivt" :sunu:mu!'}' ElS fur SURTASS LFA Sonar at ES. 6 stales this idea ... "'I' ..... ~~lIu ;t!te ... ,a-live) the usc uf 10 prt:\'eJJl


REGIlVlES

The I United Nations of the Seea

48. L:nitcd ~ations Convention on the Law of the Sea. 10 December t:nwred ililO forct' 16 November UN Doc. l1Uenul-liaTU,,1 ,1,Ialerin./s 21 8[ 1261.

49. of 24 ]42 cOUiluies had J':ltificd the Law of the Sea Conven-tion. UN Division for Aff~~il's and the Law of the of


50. W. J. Richardson ct al.. J\farinl' Alll'1l1mais mltl Nmsl' Prl~ss. 544.

51. H. "Acoustic in the oceuns: The search for 1Il:1~lnn'!'s""'11I: .. Oamn Ut'1'Jp.IO'/JmlrRl antllnt«·mll/;o1lall.aUJ 31 151. Inti.

52. at 161. 53. See :llso L'1w of the Sea COIWt'lilion 48

r"''''lIlirina environmental asst"ssmelUs


.146

;onlven lion on

The Ui.,.Ai ....... ·,~i .. u

54. Convention 011 tht" Consen-inion of \JIi,I'J'I'!:lltnlM.' Slot"(:ies of VVUd I"UlliHitUliIi,

Bonn. in D. bll""'IUltimu,1 ElIV;1'01l.·

1IIt'1lwll.ll1ll York: Foundation 2002). 320.

Convention banner.h1ml 1 March

56. Convention 011 lSl()lolI!1Cal [Uvc:!'rsitv. S.

H22-3. 57. Dedal"a1ion of the United ~ations Conference on the Human Environ-

ment U~ Doc. 7, hzlenlaliolUl.i

58.


a te refused to it in 1994.

The

59. S. -Hllotl~CI'Ul()IO,KY: Some issues of I.7Pll.·r:11 intel"national hIW."

T rtlllSlultilJ'lUll Lcnu ) : 60. Parlies La the Convention on HIC)JoJ~IC;aJ n,i\l',~,ntiIIV

LU;;;:'.«ILl3IU (accessed 1 ~arch ntt~J'n;uil[)m:tl Convention for

161 L'.N.T.S. 10 t;.S.T. 952 . ...,"'''101''1:.01 and Oudc Ellt:rink (n. 51

11.4.1 and Annex pitra. 7.1). p. 169

2 December


PRINC.IPLES

The O::>Oiilrea Resources

63. Sc~ [c.:"t 4lC(~OI1Ilpllm1~iI1K 11. 5-4 ;md 55 abo\'e. 64. ofSmaU Cetaceans of the Ballic and NOl'th

Se~\S. ]7

" .'.


c:ommenmrors contenl.1i!' It mandates

Slales." Corfu Chunnel C;.\se centred is also Awards ( 1941 ) t mat Mno Sulte hn8 the use onts in such a manner as to cause of another. "

69. The essence of this nOl"m WolS articulated in the 1992 Rio Dedanuion as "Where there are th.·eats of serious or irreversible lack of full scientific ..... ,,.,,., ... 1'" sh:all nOl be uSt'd .ts :it. rcason for cost-effective measures to ................ , environmeIlLr,"u .. Rio 58 at 879. Fo.· de-

of the "'The cd. R. p.

of intt:rnatiomd 'u,.,.· .... " .......... ." em'ironmental .\S.iIJess-lllel1L"i, scc D. and D. """.'''''1.'. /'I1I1!17l.fltUJ1'UII Lalli mid

\'ork: Foundmion Press,


71. p.360. 72. fOJ'the of the Pro\isiollS of the United Nati()ns

Convention on t.he Law of the of 10 December the Conservation and Fish Stocks and 8 ;:;er:,ter:n-bel'

in


"rlitlt'

E.C.R.

prc:~cmLlli(m.II1tJ1I1. See m;ltlers more [han money," New


Article 199.

COII}\t~ml:iol1is, the Trail and the Lac Lanoux Arbitna-

101


states:

HH

tel·n~lti()m:ll matters conClerrlll1lJr

.the environment "" ........... , ..... or

a way that due accoun t is States.tIIl

I III 1)l"Overn ell t of

, 12 R. hlt'l Arb. Aw~\rds !!H I, 24 I.L.R.


88. Law of the Sea Convention of the Thn.'u( or

8, 1996. J996.


90. Rio Dechlrdtion 91. The \Vas created 'P,'"'U"1tv Council Resolu

Lion which states that claims are to be salt~s ~\fi:cr 2 1991. In the ConuniSiSioln ~'lilJ'~I·t1 ... ·t1

lion for environmental remediution efforts. .. POSI. 28 :SCI>telllb4er

(ucces.ScCI 9 Prolocol to the Genevd Conventions of 12

I"I.rldl..ll1l1ll! to the Protcction of Victims of International Armed Conflicts

93. Convention on the Prohibition of Environmcnml Modification V.S.T. 1108 U.N.T.S. 151. -\Il·'.,I".cnl·"''!Ilri'-

the :ic:de of several hundred square kUIDll1letc~rs;~ -IOIll!'-iit1Stllll.o'-'

oil mil-

Jasts "ror a of months or -""""............ is StllDf'lhina

"in'I..'o"vinu serious or or to mlrural and eco-

nomic resources or States Arms Control £111(1 Disarmament

Anns Comro) and Dis.unmment TexLII:i and Histories of tht"

WClL.ifillllnf;tlOil. D.C.: Arms Control and Disal'maml'nt ..... 0"'1"'1"1111'''11

1-13. 94. Article II of the ENMOn Convention defines "cnvironmental modification

I .... • ....... , .. " ... t'Ol" the ddiht'I"au: IllCiLllIifJUllaUOn

pOlsilion or structure uf the


The Law of the Sea Convention eSI:CIDIlSlles ." ........... ,.. al!iplll(e··l"e~iOlllIlJOn and these could be invoked lI'1Iu,·"",.·tlu


95. for the Jmph:~mlenltalion of the Provisions of the U lliled N.nions Cun Vt:'11 Lion on the Law of the of J 0 Decem ber 1982 to the Conserv.uioll

;\-Ja,nal~eI1nerll of Fish Stocks and Fish UN September]

2(03). 97. Ibid. The rnited States did Hie a declaration the

u'ihumall"slablishcd in Annex V1U of the Law of the SCl:' C()m·c.~l1tion as its mechanism fOI" rf"sIDlvliIU'T disPllltt'S.


The In(jernlauon:u Mlarltll11le

In .... r!.llhilin .. or sden-


Ilr.',n''',II' Convention for the Protl'cdon of Human and Funda-re~~ctoms. 4 November 1950.312 U.N.T.S. Eur. T.S. re-Protocol 11.

Ostra \I, No. I 20 Eur. H.R. 277


(1) act in QlIleSltiOn is a rec~o~rnlzaIIlJe

ments danulLge occurs "in Stales" and is not

nPll"'tn,'II"'I"II'l!llI"U'P or the r"ilure tu exercise or a discre-tlU'lctllon ........ , .. !.3I1",;il .... lI:c of whether [he discretion be abused." a claim to be

[he effect of LFAS would have to occur in the territorial sea of the Vniled St.t'ues first 12 nautical miles from the and it would have to be concluded that the resulted from th'lO from a dis-rr#'.rinn~lIIM1 decision uf the tn"''''1(J'n S!'o\·t~l"nmt!~nt.

for 2002 'WL 31063976 2003 WL 359787 ar.

l"-reepC)J·l·'Mc~.:v.t()rnll. Inc .• 969 F. 362 (E.D.


at 370. On ill Beana] v. 197 the court ruled [bat a blued in part on the

Drc!'C«'lutlonary ,,,rinrinl ... did not claim as a violation of custom-oU,' law under the Tort 28 U.S.C. sec. becuuse lh~ claim:mt! had not shown that the "universal in the interuatiomd or had . suffi-cient to "constitute em;ronmellud abuses or torts." in contri'LSt. the of the H~'waii Su me in In the Matter of Water Use Penuil AIlPliiCalIIOn,S, ~rC:ljC:lhole Ditch incd Contested CclSe 9 P.3d 466-

described above in 11. 78. 630 F.2d at 880.

;:)otUlllern PeJ'u F.3d -. 2003 \\11- 22038598

...... "' .......... within their


need to be overcome.

C1illnlClLIlt" to adler SlaLeS. The coun staled "l1liSI)laced. since those t'rJ,nC'lplles

do nul on a a,·nIA'."!.!!1

lO lhe res;ponsiibilliw 116. 117. Sl~t' 13 118. St"t" text al


Documents

at lYJ(f.1Ul'f - University of Hawaii€¦ · University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection l\rtitlP S07WT J41 43. The snorkel is a tube that is extended