AN ANSWERTOtro 13SEVERALseveranEVERAL QUESTIONS IN RELATION4

TO THE HISTORY AND DOCTRINENE OPOFTHE LATTER DAY SAINTS AND THEsettlement AND PROGRESS OF utanUTAHTERRITORY

BY GEO A SMITH I1

continued 1the battalion weretele discharged at loslogangelos one year from the date of their

enlistment without means to enablethem to return to their families at therequest of the milli tary commander incalifornia who feared a spanish revoltone company re enlisted for six monthswhich servicebervice was performed in a illlithigh-ly

gh-esatisfactory manner both to ttheh ofoffi-

cersa

and the people of sanran diego wherethey were stationed

WINTER QUARTERSafter the departure of the battalion

from council blubiubluffsfisfik prest young gath-ered up the scattering companies andestablished a town called winter

where loglogli cabins and dugouts cabins halfunder ground were builtduring the fall and winter upon thesitebite of what isnow known as florencenebraska at this point the saints suf-fered extremely from sickness exposureand the want of the necessaries of lifeilfeseveral thousand wagons were also encamped in various localities on the dasteastside of the missouri river where thesaints began to build up a place subse-quently named kanesvilleKanesville in honor ol01thomas L kane of philadelphia whosekindness hadbad endeared him to them

EXPULSION NAUVOOwhen itbecame known in illinois that

the flower of the camp had enlisted into the service of theunited states themob assembled with redoubled furyformed a military encampment provid-ed with artillery in the neighborhoodof nauvoo which now contained thepoor the helpless the sick and infirmas all who were able to leave on anyBUYterms had done so during the springand Ssummerummer

thetho mob under command of revthomas S brockman increased theirforce to about 1800 men made severalunsuccessful attainsatta ks upon the citywhich could barely muster mendmen

killing several men and wounding Lanumber of others and battering downmany buildings they finally succeed-ed on the day of september afterseveral days slewosiege and three days bom-bardmentbardment in davingdriving the people help-less and destitute of everything thatcould make earth desirable across theriver into iowa here many must havehavoperished from starvation had not thekind creator fed them by sending uupon4ontheir camps flucksflocks of quails sotgotso tame thattrtat

thehe women caught them with theirlandshands in y layMY eegexposedsedothe0 the storms aff autumn rj in viewglewf a thousandnd apppemptyptY hhousesauses belonging0 themthemselvesselvis and arlenfriendsgs until teamswere sent baekback froinfrom thefhe camps to re-moveove the survivors mmanyauyaby having diedto crown their victory the mob suase

set fire to the temple of nau-voo which was the most beautifulbuilding intheintha westernstates etwasthe first specimen ofa new order ofarcharchi-tecturetecture introduced by president josephsmith and had cost a million dollarsthe light of its fire was visible thirtymiles

very little real estate had been soldboidthough the improvements propertypioplopertyand buildings of tho saints in illinoiswere among the best in the westernstates such a vastnast amount of propertyexposed for sale in hancock and theadjoining counties had a tendency toglut the market which together withthe hostile influence of our enemiesprevented sales even at low ratefortunately oxen were cheap andcompanies continued leaving till late inthe summer making the new routefoute agrand encampment for milesmilis a 3wagons were to be seen at every water-ing

aterplace 1 s4

pioneering JOURNEYin the spring of 1847 president B

young with Ppioneersi0 started insearch of a place 0off settlesettiesettlementment hewas led by the inspiration of the al-mighty for no one of the companyknew anything of the country directlyto great salt lake valley where heand company arrived on the day ofjuly having sought out handmadeand mademado 8new road niesmiles and traveled atrappers trail nearly miles on the

of july the pioneers received addistrength by tiiethe arrival of capt jamesbrown and a detachment of the bat-talion and a company of saints fromthe mississippi who wintered withthe detachment on the arkansas riverseven of the detachment died on theI1route

SALT LAKELARE catyoatyotythe population being now aboabcbr it four

hundred the building of Saltsait labeLake citywas commenced 1

the arrival of therlonthe pionplon bisgis and thisdetachment of the batRatbattaionBattatallonUon all armedand carrying the flag of the unitedstates the commencement to build afort and the hoisting of the stars andstripes although this country at thathetime belonged to mexico had a tenden-cy to impress the wild tribes of thomountains with respect and made itcomparatively easy to promote friendlyrelations with themthera

the twelve apostles organized saltlake city into a stake of zion and ap-pointed john smith president charles0 rich and john young his counsellors tarlton LewilewisbishaBIshP and a highcouncil thisthit organizationzalizall n wentwint intohatoeffect on the arrival of the immigrantcompanIecompanies3 in the fallpall of 1847 whenabout wagons laden with fafamiliesmilleaarrived on the site of salt lake city

i the whole basin was so barren as toproduce I1 mie besides a species of bunchgrass and the ground was coveredcoifed withmyriadmyriads of large black crickets whichwere the food of the indiaindiansg i gri this

i desertdetert place the site of SAsalt Llakeguycitypuywas surveyed J tnot a single person in thewe whowholeie com-pany had a full supply of hs butall were on half rations augut onehundred who had served in the mor-mon battalion found their way herefrom Califcaliforniadruiadrula in the winter withoutany provisions

RETURN OF THE PIONEERSon thetho ofaugust 1847 president

brigham young and about seventyothers started on their return to winterquarters at the south pass the siouxbiousindians stole part of theirthein animalswhich compelled them to walk mostknost ofthe way to themissouriMissour riTerriver dependingmostly upon such gamgame0 as they couldobtain by the way and being withoutsuitable horses for chasing the buffalothe few obtained were generally oldbulls whose gleshflesh was of very poor qual-ity and not sufficient in quantity tosupply their wants 5

in arrived againin salt lake valley with about eighthundred wagons

the crickets during the season of1848 came down from the mountains inmyriads and destroyed a great portionof the scanty crops and notwithstand-ing every effort was made to drive themoff by means of bushes long rods lseacwhole families anand neighborhoodsturning out en masse until almost exhaustedhaustedthethe whole would have been de-stroyed hadad not the almighty in illshiskindness sent gulls in vast numberscovering every nieldfield driving the crick-ets from the crops into thefhe streams andeveniven into door yards and devouring

themthew untie crammeilcrammed athena i vomitingthem audand devouring more

notwithstanding the mormon batta-lion had been in the service of thathe united states those of their fafamiliealeai whichwewere relocatedlocated at winteratwitter quarters wererequired by the indian department inthe spring of 1848 fp leave their cabinsand thetthe river inInto Jowa yet itwas well known they werewore only en-camped there awaiting the return oftheir husbands fathers and brotherswho had been discharged an the pacificcoast without meinsmeans of transportationor rations

GOLD discovered 11IN californiain the spring of 1848 gomecomebomesome inmembersemberg

ofozithei the mormon battalion discoveredgoldlriiiiin california thus opening to theworld an unparalleled source of wealthandana adventure

LOG tabernacle conferenceAYaitaa general Confereconfareconferencenw held at the

log tabernacle inin december 1847 atkanesvilleKanesville iowa the saints acknowl-edged Bilgbrighamliamllam young prespresidenteptent of thechurch of jesus christ of latter daysaints 1and heber 0 kimball and willard ichards his counsellocounsellorscoun this ac-tion was confirmed at the generalgeneral con-ference held in salt lake valleyvailey afterthetild companies arrived in the fallfait of1848 john smith waswag chosen patriarchoyenovenover the whole church and in febru-ary 1849 charlescharleseCharlchariesesCeseC rich lorenzolorenzasnow erastus snow and FranklfranklindinIXrichardsricBichards were ordained to fill the quo-rum of the twelvetwelver apostles

12 churonCHURCH authoritiesithi thetha church authorities thethenthemi stostoododasasfoloolfollowlows brighambrigham young president

hebheberer C kimball and willard rich-ards counsellorscounselfors orson wydehyde prespresi-dent

1

defiolof the twelve apostles parley Ppratt orson pratt john taylor wil-ford woodruff george A smith ama-sas Mar lyman ezra T bensondenson charlesC richelch lorenzo snow erastus snowand franklin D richards members 0ofthe quorum of the twelve john smithpatriarch daniel spenspencer presidentof thewe stake of salt lake auaanaand newel K

presiding bishoporganization ANDANT dairdaieCAMP RULES0ouru r companies for the plains were 0or-

ganizedr

at the elk horn river about 18miles west of winter quarters nowflorencefloreneeflorence nebraska intoanio companieshundhundredsed s fifties and tenstans ibacheach fifty wasprovided with a blacksmith and wagonmaker with tools for repairing wagonsand shoeing animals three hundredpounds of breadstuff were required foreacileach person emigrating and a good gunwith rounds of ammunition for eachabbed bodied man many cows wereworked in the yoke each family wasalso required to take a due proportionof seed grain and agricultural imple-ments every wagon load and teamwas inspected by a committee and theywere not allowed to start on to theplains without the required outfit Astrict guard was kept over the cattle bynight and day and also in ththee campswhich were forformedmedinin an oval shapethe inside making a corral for the stockpigs and poultry were carried in coopsattached to the wagons

no person was allowed by the rules towander about not even to huntexcept under special directions andthese precautions no person was lostand but few accidents occurred andloss of animals was althoughtraveled ten hundred and thirtyfrom the missouri niverriver to saltcity through an uninhabiteddesertdesent region saturday afternoonusually occupied washing baking re-pairing wagons and shoeing animalsandalid sunday was a day of rest and wor-ship morning and evenieveningeveningugand songs of praise were neverin the camps and occasionally a

the companiesbeing favoredlavoren with musical talent

thus the refining influences ofand civilization were continually feltand kept in view and the moralof the camphcampapreserved inviolateall the fatigues hardships and exposesposures and vexatiousious annoyances ofentire journey

BREAD regulationsfbifor about three years every head of

familyfanelly issued his breadstuffbread stuff indailydally varying from one quarter topound per soul according to theof provisions behe had on handband mostthe time the rations were fromhalf to three fourths of a pound some-times accompanied with vegetablesmilk but if without these thewas not increased for it wasththata it should be made to last until har-vest this order of thingsuntil the population increased tolcyicy when in 18501650 an abundant har-vest putut an end to the necessity ofra-tioningtioning in 1855 most of the

were dastidestroyedi jcrogrol d by1by a argrasshopperswaslas boppehoppe is anddrouthrou compelling the people to sub-sist principally upon the surplus ofafpfprevious years and the adoption again0of the system of rationing which con-tinued until the harvest of 1856isag anadin au-dition to the loss of crops bypersbersbera vast numbers of cattle died inconin con-sequence pfaf the verityseverityge of the winterof 1855 6 materially lessening the qquanuantits of food during these periods great 4numbers of gold hunters 6eip rroute forcalifornia came into the valley destituteof food who were fed and aided on theirway from our scanty supplies in allaliesethese times of scarcity measures werettakenaker to supply those who were0o supply themselves fast daysdaya werepproclaimedroclaimed inirk all the ontthehe first thursday of each monthmouth andthe food sayedsaved inln that way distributedamong the poor and thousands of perperiisons who had an abundance ofog breadput their families on rations so as tobavesave the same for those who couldvould nototherwisethegwise obtain it and so wise andliberaliberal were the regulations during

periods of uponliponbottling the territory that no onegae persheal prr evell sqsuffered materially ierforhe want I1of roodfood and allail were rennenjaukjark jblyoly healthy J

civial governmentin march 18491449 a provisionalProvial govern-

ment was farmed and a state constitu-tion adopted by ait convention underalider thehamehamb otof the state of deseret ll11 A

eleeilelegategate was sent totar congressgross with apetition fonfor admission into the unionat the fittfirst general election a governor secretary chief justicejustlee andund twotivoassociates marshalmarshai attorney general

I1

assessor and CollecollectedColcoilecterleeterctr treasurer andmagistrates were elected

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territorial CUCHARTERseptember ath 1850 an actaact passedassasbed bycongress providing for the organicorganizationatiqi

of the territorial government of utahwas approved the judges of the supremeareme court did not enter upon theirduties until 1853

YOUNG GOVERNORbrigham young was appointed gov-

ernorglov-

ernor of utah until thathetho arrival ofalfred cumminggumming in aprilI1 1858 and per-formed the dutieduties of that office to theentire satisfaction of the inhabitant

desireddesfred his reappointappointre apment

STATETAT OPPFunder the provisional governmentQ of

the state of deseret and before the territorial organic act passed tho countiesofbf salt lake dayisdavis weber utahsanban pete and iron werewera organized andthetho cities of salt lake ogden provomantlmanil andana were incorporatedbridges were constructed acrossoss theweber ogden and broyoprovo rivers andtwo across the jordan riverriven newnow valleyswere explored and roads opened intoverious parts of theStathe stateteallallali of whichwere free from toll although costing animmense amount of labor in conse-quence of the rugged features of thecountry the great difficulty in gettingtimber and the scarcity of saw mills

although the country was one of themost barren by nature everemer inhabited byman scarcely a tree or a bush growingbelow the snow line without irrigationno colony ever progressed with moreequal and uniform rapidity

settlement OPOF COUNTIESsalt lake county was settledfettled by

prest brigham youyoungng and pioneerswho entered salt Lake Valleyvailey july1847 theytilley erected a rortfort afof logs andandsun dried bricks enclosing ten acres 0offland now known as the old fort 2in the sixth ward of salt lake city

davislavis county by peregrine sessionsSessionsiin the spring of 1848 heile located atbountiful

weber county by capt james brownin the spring of 16481848 he purchasedsome shanties and a mexican grant ofland from miles GoogoodsierGoodydylerierler an indindianlaialalatrader on thothe site of ogden city

utah county by john andard isaac hlhig-be

igand thirty othesothers who built a picket

fort near the site of provo city in thespring of 1849

tooelethoele county by john RorowKow wherryberryand others in 1849

san pete county byjy a company underthe guidance of isaac morley seth taftand charles shumway who entered thevalley in NOT 1849 and locatedlocate atmanti I1

dec ath 1850 tthirtyairty families left saltlake city includinging one hundred andeighteen men with sizsixax hundred headof stock and one I1undredhundred and one wiowigwag-ons led by elder geo A smith and ininjanuary following arrived at and set-tled the distant county of iron bybuilding a forbatfort at parowancarowanParowan

county in the fall of 1851 byanson call and thirty families

f I1box elder county by simeon A car-

tera

and othothersersinin 1851 1carson county epwin n the stafeba

nevada by colcoicoljohnjphn neesejreese in 1851 andabidin 1855 by missionaries from saltsait lakevalley under the direction of honorson hyde when the county waswaa arorprizedganigauiaedsed I1 I1 I1juab county in the falltali oror 1852j byjos L heywood aniland geo W bradleybradlevwho located at nephi i

washington county inI1n thethem spring of1852 by john Ddleelee wwhoho mmadeadd a ranchera I1onda ash creek the cofton regionebioneg ioniou ofthe county by jacohjacob hamblin at santabantaclaraplara in 1855 joseph horn atqt heberreberville inip 1857 robert D covington andthirty three others at washington in1857 and joshua T willieatwillisWillIsAtat boquer inthe spring of 1858

county n 1853 by samuelsan aejsnyder esq who built savsaw mills inparleysParleylp park igreen lverriveriver county now included inwyoming territory by prespros brighamyou purchased of jamesjamea bridgera mexican grant for thirty miles of landand some cabecabibabnsns known as fort brid-ger I

1

far which be paid eight thousanddollars in gold the deeds of tillipbipayiy arpi toltoitUl ishiiin his possession he enterbecod a atone fort and corrals for th rlectionfaction of animals aandgd made otheroiherfahimprovementsimproved ewtewa on expendingabout more

alaIIAin 1853 john 1 ebeier and acompany of brethren4 aisoalsoisaac bullock andpend anotherr companynumbering fifty three menman left saltsaltlakelike ardandad utah counties andan located aatfort supply in green ulvi countythey built houseshoihot and brokebroko upuland and plantedpiaia ted clops

in 1857 the united states army undertindergen johnston took possession orfordbridgerbridgen in the name of the unitedstates and declared it to be a militaryreservation the reservation wawwaa alsoaisoextenextendeddedged over the gettlersettlementnt and farm-ing lands of fort supply mpthe countyseat

alfred Cumcumminggummingbling then governor ofdfutah made an attempt to restore thepropertyproperty to the citizens ahlwholo10 hadbad been

essed but his efforts erdeawere un-successful laying been overruledoWrruled byjoinjohn BbeloydBVploydfloydloyd then secretary of warwaithe loss and damage sustainedsutaind by thesepioneers were about

lorganjorgan county by Jedealah algrant and thomas thurstinThurAtin i 0 thespring of 1855 I1 I1

cache county in14 1856 bybk petermaughan and othersothemanat welwol

beaver county lnin 1856 bybyIedwardNvardthompson and thirteen others nomfromparowancarowanParowan

kane county in the fallfali of 1858 bynephi johnson and six others whowh lo-cated at virgen city

richeich county in 1863 bybi elder chasC richbich and many others I1

wasatch county by twenty lenaen fromprovo and spanish and americanmeforksfork tr

totb be continued