A S T R O N O T E S ISSN 0048-8682

Vol. 27, No. 10 $7.50 a year December 1988

Editor Addresses CirculationDoug George Art Fraser Robin Molson66 Shetland Way 92 Lillico Dr. 2029 Garfield AveKanata, K2M 1S4 Ottawa, K1V 9L8 Ottawa, K2C 0W7

591-3119 737-4110 225-3082

Ottawa Centre, Royal Astronomical Society of CanadaThe Ottawa Centre is one of twenty-one Centres comprising the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada - an organization dedicated to the advancement of astronomy and allied sciences. The Ottawa Centre, formed in 1906, is one of the largest.

The Ottawa Centre has a number of facilities which are available to members. The Indian River Observatory houses an excellent 16-inch telescope, as well as a 10-inch instrument and a large radio telescope. The Ottawa Centre also operates a comprehensive astronomical library containing several hundred books.

Membership in the Ottawa Centre costs $25 for regular members (outside Canada, $25 US), or $15 for junior members (under 18 years). Members receive the yearly Observers1 Handbook, the bi-monthly Journal and National Newsletter, as well as this publication, Astronotes. Anyone interested in joining the Ottawa Centre may do so at any meeting. Regular Observers’ Group meetings are held regularly at 8:00 pm on the first Friday of each month, in room 3001 of the NRC building at 100 Sussex Drive.

Ottawa Centre CouncilHonorary PresidentPresident1st Vice2nd ViceSecretaryTreasurerLibrarianRecorderCouncillorCouncillorCouncillorCouncillorCouncillorPast PresidentPast PresidentPast President

Fred Lossing Doug George

Rolf Meier Sandra Ferguson Derek MacLeod

Mercedes Pelayo Stan Mott

David Monoogian Paul Comision

Gary Mussar Gary Susick

Robin Molson Art Fraser

Rob McCallum Brian Burke

Peter MacKinnon

Observers’ Group Executive Chairperson Frank RoyVice-Chair Max Stuart

Observers’ Group CoordinatorsLunar & Planetary Solar Meteors CometsInstrumentation Variable Stars Radio Astronomy Deep Sky Occultations Photography OG Recorder

Gary Mussar Roseanne Mussar

Rick Crook Kyle Nunas

Doug George Casper Kaat

Frank Roy Joe Zacconi Brian Burke

Not Filled Estelle Rother

for the next issue are due by December 21.

EVENT HORIZONS

We take a breather from star nights during the cold winter months. Meanwhile, don’t miss the regular meetings!

Dec. 21 Regular Centre Meeting - National Museum of Science and Technology, Auditorium, 8:15 pm. Topic: Film Night

Jan. 6 Observers’ Group Meeting8:00 pm.

- 100 Sussex Drive, Room 3001,

Jan. 18 Regular Centre Meeting - pm. Topic: Mars in 1988.

100 Sussex Drive, Auditorium, 8:15

Feb. 3 Observers’ Group Meeting8:00 pm.

- 100 Sussex Drive, Room 3001,

Feb. 15 Regular Centre Meeting - pm. Topic: To be announced.

100 Sussex Drive, Auditorium, 8:15

EDITORIAL Doug George

The 25th Anniversary Issue of Astronotes appeared one year ago this month. At that time, Frank Roy was a great help in digging up most of the old Editors of Astronotes for a few reminiscences. Since that time, we have enjoyed an excellent series of Observers’ Group Flashbacks articles, organized by Fred Lossing. This month completes the series with Part II of Rob Dick’s article, and a new article by Howard Harris. Fred deserves a great vote of thanks for finding all those people from across the years.

Of course, all the contributors to the series deserve thanks for taking the time to assemble their own personal history of the Observers’ Group. I know a lot of members enjoyed the series thoroughly.

At the Annual Dinner Meeting, Fred Lossing was presented with an Editor’s Special Award for his efforts on the Flashback series. The award for Best Article of the Year was presented to David Monoogian for his article, Watching the Jovian Moons in the February issue. An Honorable Mention was presented to Rick Crook for his article, Meteors and Meteor Showers in the April issue. Congratulations!

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 1

Centre Meeting Notice

Film N ight

Wednesday, December 21,1988

8:15 PM

Auditorium

National M useum of Science andTechnology

The December meeting of the Ottawa Centre will be a film night. Some recent 16 mm films and videos will be shown.

2 ASTRONOTES December 1988

OBSERVERS’ GROUP FLASHBACKS Howard Harris

Quite a long time ago - I blush to think how long - Fred Lossing asked me if I could contribute to Astronotes, in one of a series of reminiscences of what he dubbed "the heroic (and slightly mythic)" past of the Observers’ Group. I can only excuse my procrastination by confessing that: a) I never did anything heroic; and b) that I have the world’s worst memory. What follows, then, is not only personal and subjective, but probably totally inaccurate.

When I joined the RASC in 1962, the only constellation I could identify was Ursa Major (or the Big Dipper, or The Plough, or Charle’s Wain). I quickly learned at the Observers’ Group most of the others, and even managed to make a 6-inch mirror with only a slight turned-down edge. But I did then (and still do) regard myself as a veritable astronomical tyro - compared with such luminaries as Fred, Len Orr, John Stairs, Bill Dey, Tom Tothill, and Gordy Grant; to say nothing of the teen-age hotshots like Rick Lavery, Danny Brunton, Ken Hewitt-White, Rick Salmon, Peter MacKinnon, and others. While all of these people were heavily into such exotic stuff as binary stars, occultation timings, and deep sky objects, I laboured to become familiar with the moon - the only object I could see very clearly.

With such credentials, I was an unlikely choice for editor of Astronotes, which I took over (as I learn from the 25th Anniversary Issue) from its originator, George Brunton, in January 1964. That I survived that experience until April 1965 was chiefly due to the excellence of our contributors.

The Observers’ Group was a very lively and productive outfit in those days. A significant achievement of the younger members was the construction and equipping of the meteor-observing "coffins" at the DRB Quiet Site, from which, well wrapped in sleeping bags, they produced a great mass of observations to supplement the data gathered at Peter Millman’s Springhill Observatory.

The major accomplishment of that era, however, was the construction of the 16-inch telescope and of the observatory at North Mountain. The moving spirit behind both these projects was Fred Lossing, who, with Tom Tothill’s assistance, did the mirror grinding and designed and constructed the mounting. The final figuring was turned over to that peerless mirror-maker, Bill Dey.

Most of my other recollections are spotty and inconsequential, but still vivid: the annual Ottawa Centre dinners, where the cordial relations

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 3

between amateurs and professionals showed at their best; John Stairs, in his retiring presidential address, treating us to a talk not on astronomy but (I think) on Darwin’s theory of evolution; lectures by the formidable Peter Millman, who struck fear even into his professional colleagues. Vic Gaizauskas and Ian Halliday, for example, when co-opted to show Peter’s slides, used to tremble at the though of getting one of them in the wrong sequence. I also remember with affection the two Marys: Mary Grey and Mary Henderson, who seemed to be able to do everything (astronomically, that is), but had a particular genius for keeping us all organized.

All of us have high and low points to remember. My low point was a solar eclipse expedition in 1972 to Cap Chat in the Gaspe. I went with Fred Lossing, and at Riviere du Loup, where we stopped overnight, I picked up a virus which later put me in the hospital for a couple of months. I went through the rest of that trip in a kind of daze, but I needn’t have worried about missing anything: at the site, with a forest of telescope pointing upward, there was nothing to see but clouds, and nothing to hear but the doleful tolling of a church bell during the period of darkness.

My high point came earlier - just after Fred finished aluminizing my first mirror. We took it back to his place, where he rigged it up in one of his tubes, took it outside, and pointed it at the first quarter moon. Fred had the first look, and when he began muttering to himself, clucking, and hemming and hawing, my heart sank into my boots. I should have known him better. When he finally let me have a look - what a glorious sight! There it was, my very own moon in living colour - the plains, the rilles, the craters, and all.

Well, maybe my telescope wasn’t so hot at separating close double stars, but I wouldn’t have missed my time in the Observers’ Group for the world. I’m pleased to see, from the 25th Anniversary issue, that the group is still flourishing, and I wish you all well.

ASTRO-EXCHANGE

Wanted: Star diagonal, 1.25", in good condition. Call Doug George, 591-3119.

Wanted: Celestron Schmidt Camera, 8-inch. For Paul Mortfield in Cupertino, California. Contact C/O Astronotes Editor - address and phone on page (i).

4 ASTRONOTES December 1988

The year of 1976 was that of the Great Comet West. On March 12 of that year several of us visited North Mountain Observatory to see the spectacle. I remember Peter MacKinnon tapping me on the shoulder and asking me what I saw in the comet’s nucleus.

’...Oh no...’

The nucleus had broken up into four pieces. Doug Welch and I phoned in the report to the IAU in Cambridge, Mass. We were all mentioned in the IAU Circular No 2927.

This was also the year of a solar eclipse in Australia. I took the train to Vancouver and joined up with Ken Hewitt-White and John Tanner. After about 25 hours in a 747 we landed in Sydney. We caught up with Allen Miller and his wife in Melborne along with Dave Hurd and his girl friend Penny. We were prepared to observe west of Melborne, around Mt. Hamilton.

The sky was cloudy so we drove west... until Allen’s car ran low on gas. The clouds parted for us and we saw 2.5 minutes of totality out of a maximum of 3 minutes. A Japanese group saw 30 seconds but an American group nearby saw only 10 seconds.

Everyone else in our party had to return to Canada but I stayed on for another two weeks and visited Adelaide, Perth, Alice Springs and Brisbane.

What excitement! What adventure! But times change.

It is interesting to think about the changes in the Observers Group between the mid 70’s and the time I left as Chairman of the Observers Group in the early ’80s.

The members of the group were growing more ’sophisticated’. Group meetings became more ’technical’. It was not noticed by many of those inside the group but it was quite evident to new members trying to join in its activities. A communication gap between the regular members and new members grew and restricted ’fertilization’ by new members.

Activity by individual members was fairly high as shown by the solar eclipse expedition of ’79, trips to Stellafane and General Assemblies. But by the end of the 1970’s it was evident that the group was loosing its momentum.

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE OTTAWA CENTRE - PART II Robert Dick

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 5

This loss of momentum was evident in several ways. Articles in Astronotes were becoming shallow and speakers at meetings were repeating ’standard topics’. It was most refreshing to hear something new; for example, when Jack Horwood spoke about his detection of meteors with a radio he had modified. Doug Welch and Doug Somers, then only young high school students, surprised us with remarkable photographs of constellations taken in spite of the light polluted skies of Bayshore.

In 1979 I was elected (drafted?) to be Chairman of the Observers Group. And served for two years (I didn’t duck fast enough!).

I personally believe there are some misconceptions about the position of Chairman. The Chairman need not be an observer but he must have detailed knowledge about who is doing what. This can be difficult because the people who observe a lot usually keep a low profile. As Matthew Prior wrote around 1700 ...

They never taste who always drink;They always talk who never think.

The way I conducted the meetings was a little controversial. A good meeting doesn’t just happen. The content of the meetings was carefully controlled and topics by speakers and their slides were edited in advance to ensure interesting yet brief presentations. Meetings were designed to end at 10 pm to leave more time for mingling after meetings.

Members should make use of the meetings to approach new people and invite them to informal observing sessions or workshops on future evenings. Small groups with two or three people provide a way to break the ice and would offer encouragement to new members. With two hour meetings it would be a good idea to have a short break after 45 minutes to allow the audience to have a stretch.

The Group should not feed off members. Individuals with a common interest in astronomy gravitate together and make up a Group. The Observers Group provides a forum within which they can share ideas and experiences. I have been a member of two clubs that lost sight of this. The concept of a formal club ruled the activities of the group, rather than the dominant force being the enthusiasm of its members.

To new chairmen, I offer a few opinions. Coordinators can be elected but they may not do much. Many of the speakers I was able to rely upon were not necessarily coordinators but were long-standing members with

6 ASTRONOTES December 1988

a range of interests and experience. They were quite willing to speak about their activities.

At the time I became Chairman some coordinators did not freely volunteer. They were ’volunteered’. Astronomy is a hobby and coordinators can’t be pushed. I did not rely on them to provide talks for meetings (although several required no prodding). Besides, if there was so little interest in a particular field of observing, then there was no need to coordinate it. Those coordinatorships were allowed to evaporate.

As Chairman, I also felt that a detailed record of the contents of the meeting should be printed in Astronotes. Many speakers put a lot of effort into their presentations. It seemed unfair to expect them to do double duty by writing an article too (though it was much appreciated when they did).

The task of reporting the meetings fell to our two recorders Mary Geekie and Rene Meyer. They were the best recorders the Group has ever had. They worked hard and conscientiously providing excellent reports. New recorders should look through back issues of Astronotes to see how it ’should’ be done.

It must be remembered that the Observers Group is presently the Centre’s only ’door’ to the public (a door with an obscure address). A poor meeting can turn off first time visitors. The meetings were to be an attraction for the public. But a balance is needed between rather general, introductory talks and detailed presentations for the more experienced members.

The separation between these two roles does not have to be dramatic. For example the speaker should give a brief introduction to their topics lasting perhaps only two minutes.

I speak often at the Museum of Science and Technology and it is astounding that many adults do not understand what causes the phases of the moon! In the past, the Observers Group Meetings were oriented towards reports on observations and the Centre Meetings were usually too technical for the general public. The general public is very interested in learning about the universe. Yet the Ottawa Centre does not seem have a vehicle to reach the public in this way on a regular basis.

It is unlikely the Observers Group could or should be changed to address this need. The Centre meetings, however, are held infrequently with a limited turnout. A lecture series held - say two or three times a year - specifically for the general public and advertised accordingly

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 7

would seem to be a solution. The topics would be on basic astronomy. Things they could observe if they wished - the moon and eclipses, the seasonal changes of the constellations, meteor showers and aurora. And exciting developments in astronomy such as Voyager’s view of Neptune next year.

Similar to other hobbies, astronomy provides a channel for peoples’ intellectual energies. It nurtures creativity and leadership. It challenges those who wish to be challenged and to what ever degree they aspire. Therefore I encourage all members to get involved and to learn, and then to pass what they have gained on to others.

OBSERVERS’ GROUP CHAIRPERSON’S REPORT Sandra Ferguson

The Observers’ Group of the Ottawa Centre met each month during 1988. Meetings were well attended throughout the year, with many standing-room only.

Although the skies this year left much to be desired, OG members were involved in a number of activities and events, both within the group and with members of the public. In March the annual Messier Marathon was conducted by Doug George. International Astronomy Day on April 23 saw a number of members manning our display tables at the Hazeldean Mall in Kanata. The day, unfortunately, was rainy and we were unable to show the shoppers sunspot activity, and we were forced to cancel the evening’s starnight. However, public interest was good and the exposure resulted in some new visitors to the meetings.

The annual picnic on July 16th at IRO provided an opportunity for a social gathering. Following the barbeque, we were fortunate to see one or two objects before the clouds moved in!

On July 24th Dr. Vic Gaizauskas of the National Research Council conducted a tour of the Council’s solar telescope at Shirley’s Bay. Approximately fifteen persons observed the sun by various means, including filters and chart recordings. Our group thanks Dr. Gaizauskas for his time and consideration.

The second annual campout at Lac Philippe coincided with the Perseid meteor shower on August 12/13. The National Capital Commission provided a group camping area for our use in exchange for a slide presentation and starnight for the other campers. Once again, however, the weather didn’t cooperate. Max Stuart, Roseanne and Gary Mussar, and Daniel Rollin are thanked for providing telescopes and slide

8 ASTRONOTES December 1988

presentations, and David Monoogian for coordinating the whole event. The Perseids were successfully observed, however, by Rick Crook and Doug George during peak activity on August 12 at IRO. CBC Radio also broadcast an interview about the shower with one member that morning.

We planned a public starnight at Vincent Massy Park on September 16/17, to give the public a chance to view Mars at it’s closest approach in 17 years. On the Saturday night we were successful in briefly viewing Mars and a few other objects through holes in the clouds. CBC Radio again broadcasted an interview about Mars with two OG members.

On the weekends of September 24/25 and October 1/2 we participated in the NCC’s "Fall Rhapsody" program, at Etienne Brule Lookout in Gatineau Park. The weather on the September weekend was glorious and hundreds of people dropped by to view sunspots and discuss astronomy. Children were encouraged to sketch sunspots, and a good number left with a permanent record of the first astronomical observation. Members Donna Howell, Derek MacLeod, Roseanne and Gary Mussar, Ray Hamel, Mercedes Pelayo, and Doug George are thanked for volunteering their time, and David Monoogian for liaising with the NCC.

Finally, 1988 proved to be a busy and productive year for the Observers’ Group. Although the skies were generally disappointing, we succeeded in "spreading the word" and attracting public attention to astronomy and the RASC. As my term as Chairperson draws to a close, I wish to thank the coordinators who served the group so well in the past two years. I wish to especially thank Frank Roy and David Monoogian, who served as Vice-Chairmen in 1987 and 1988, respectively. The donation of their time and effort made the Observers’ Group meetings and activities so successful.

ANNUAL DINNER MEETING Derek MacLeod

Members enjoyed the November 18th dinner and the talk by Dr. John Percy of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Toronto, and First Vice-President of the American Association of Variable Star Observers. Dr. Percy combined his humour with the more serious aspects of the work of the AAVSO to give an enjoyable inside look at the types of data collected on variable stars and the opportunities available to amateurs.

I would like to thank all members who came out, and congratulate the telephone committee for their help in making this the largest attendance Annual Dinner Meeting.

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 9

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Doug George

The Ottawa Centre has changed a lot since it was formed 82 years ago. The Ottawa Centre has been largely operated by professional astronomers in the past. The growth of amateur astronomy lead to the formation of the Observers’ Group in 1954. By now the amateurs have come into the mainstream, and the operations of the Centre are managed mainly by non-professionals.

This has resulted in some changes in the Centre. Astronotes has been evolving into a Centre newsletter instead of just an Observers’ Group newsletter. It has maintained a strong observational-astronomy orientation because the Observers’ Group is becoming the Centre. Also, Observers’ Group meetings are approaching standing-room-only, while the regular Ottawa Centre meetings are dwindling in attendance. Some may wonder whether we should still have Centre Meetings.

Yet, there is certainly scope for two types of meetings in the Centre. The Observers’ Group meetings generally present a variety of topics at a variety of levels, due to their informal atmosphere and the presence of both long-time and newer members in the audience. This format has been very successful, but many people would like to hear more in-depth presentations as well.

The Programme Committee chairman, Rolf Meier, recently met with Rob McCallum and myself to discuss future directions for the meetings. Starting with a number of excellent suggestions by Rolf, we came up with the following proposal:

Centre meetings will now be held at regular monthly intervals (except during the summer), on the same day each month: the third Wednesday. Each meeting will involve a particular topic of interest - whether observing-related or general astronomy - and will be less formal than at present. We will still invite guest speakers for many meetings, but often several Centre members will present talks on the evening’s topic. Although the presentation will be more in-depth, the meetings will be made even more accessible to members and the general public by covering the topic from start to end, instead of assuming a basic knowledge of the topic. Some of the meetings will also be advertised as special public lectures.

If we are successful, and we get support from the members in the form of attendance, it should revitalize the Centre meetings. The Observers’ Group is now the heart of the Centre; it is time for us to reshape the Centre to better "promote astronomy and allied sciences".

10 ASTRONOTES December 1988

NOVEMBER OBSERVERS’ GROUP MEETING Estelle Rother

Chairperson Sandy Ferguson opened the meeting at 8:15 by welcoming everyone and introducing visitors to the society. David Monoogian chaired the rest of the meeting. Nominations were closed with the exception of the Astrophotography Coordinator. A vote followed for the position of vice-chairperson and Max Stuart was elected. Final results:

Organization:Chairperson Frank RoyVice-Chairperson Max Stuart

Coordinators:Lunar and Planetary Gary MussarSolar Roseanne MussarMeteors Rick CrookComets Kyle NunasInstrumentation Doug GeorgeVariable Stars Casper KaatRadio Astronomy Frank RoyDeep Sky Joe ZacconiRecorder Estelle RotherOccultations Brian BurkeAstrophotography Not Filled

The first speaker, Paul Comision, talked about deep sky observing techniques. He first mentioned that these techniques have changed very little with time. Due to the availability of good eyepieces, visual observing is becoming more popular. We were advised to know our equipment. What eyepiece should be used? Paul suggests using the lowest suitable power since the atmosphere must be very steady to use high power. A power of 200 is usually sufficient. To calculate power, divide the focal length of the telescope by the focal length of the eyepiece. The exit pupil tells how bright the image will be. Values of 3 or 4 are good, and a value greater than 7 will waste light. Use ultra- high contrast filters to observe dim nebulous objects. The human eye is able to detect a moving object easier than an object at rest, so try moving the telescope gently to spot a faint object Using averted vision is another observing technique. Rods, concentrated at the side of the eye, are more sensitive to light than cones. Looking slightly to the side will make it easier to see objects. Paul also recommended being well rested, planning ahead by making up a list of planned observations, keeping notes, and not staring so the eye does not get tired.

Rick Crook then talked about the Leonid meteor shower which would occur November 17, and peak at 5 am. The meteors are bright, with a long and persistent train. At peak, there would be 10-20 meteors per

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 11

hour. A spectacular shower occurred in 1966, and another such shower is not expected until 1999.

Jack Horwood used radio and so was not affected by the cloud and rain that spoiled visual observations of the Orionid meteor shower. He showed graphs of his observations where he plotted meteor count rates for each hour over several days.

Brian Burke, the Occultation Coordinator, talked about two asteroidal occultations which would occur the week of November 6. The first was predicted to occur just 11 km north of Ottawa.

The last speaker was Doug George, who talked about telescope designs. He mentioned three things to consider when selecting a ’scope. The aperture determines how much light the telescope can gather. The telescope mounting may either by alt-azimuth or equatorial. The alt­azimuth mounting cannot be used for photography since the object slides out of the field of view as the Earth turns. The equatorial mounting is more expensive and complex. One axis points at the North Pole, and the other axis is declination. Doug discussed three types of telescope optics. A refractor has a lens at the front and the focus at the back of a long tube. The lens cannot focus all wavelengths perfectly so to compensate, a second element of a different glass is added. These telescopes are best for observing planets. Reflectors use a mirror instead of a lens and provide the largest aperture for the least amount of money. Catadioptric telescopes are small, easy to mount, and are more portable.

After thanking the speakers, David Monoogian adjourned the meeting at 9:40 with 64 people in attendance, of whom 48 were members.

IN MEMORIAM

We note with regret the passing of a long-standing member, Gordon Blakely. Gordon often attended Observers’ Group meetings, and he will be missed by many of us. We offer our sincere condolences to his family.

LOST AND FOUND

A scarf was found on the coat rack after the Annual Dinner Meeting. Anyone wishing to claim it please call Derek MacLeod at 224-2519.

12 ASTRONOTES December 1988

THE SKY THIS MONTH Doug George

Hopefully this month, we might get a few chances to actually see the night sky! This fall has been almost as bad as 1985. Is it my imagination, or is Ottawa weather getting cloudier?

Mercury is not visible until late December, when it is very low at sunset. Venus is brilliant in the morning sky until late in the month, when it closes in on the sun. The red planet, Mars, is in Pisces, in the southeast at sunset. Jupiter rises at sunset in the constellation Taurus. Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are all lost in the sun this month.Event Date EST

Last Quarter Dec 1 01:49New Moon Dec 9 00:36Moonless Evening Observing Ends Dec 14Geminid Meteor Shower Dec 13 19:00First Quarter Dec 16 00:41Winter Solstice Dec 21 10:28Ursid Meteor Shower Dec 22 01:00Full Moon Dec 23 00:29Merry Christmas!!! Dec 25Moonless Evening Observing Begins Dec 26Last Quarter Dec 30 23:57

Happy New Year!!! Jan 1Quadrantid Meteor Shower Jan 3 05:00New Moon Jan 6 02:37Moonless Evening Observing Ends Jan 11First Quarter Jan 14 08:58

INDEX

Title Author Page

Event Horizons 1Editorial Doug George 1Observers’ Group Flashbacks Howard Harris 3Astro-Exchange 4Recollections of the Ottawa Centre - Part II Robert Dick 5Observers’ Group Chairperson’s Report Sandra Ferguson 8Annual Dinner Meeting Derek MacLeod 9President’s Message Doug George 10November Observers’ Group Meeting Estelle Rother 11Lost and Found 12The Sky This Month Doug George 13Index 13

December 1988 ASTRONOTES 13

FROM:

OTTAWA CENTRE, R.A.S.C. P-O. BOX 6617 STATION J OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 3Y7 CANADA

TO:

MS. ROSEMARY FREEMAN C 4 ROYAL ASTRON. SOC. OF CANADA 136 DUPONT ST.TORONTO ONT. M5R 1V2