Astronomy Unit 3Astronomy Unit 3

Artificial SatellitesArtificial SatellitesNatural SatellitesNatural Satellites

Our MoonOur MoonOrbit of our MoonOrbit of our Moon

Surface Features of our MoonSurface Features of our MoonOrigin of our MoonOrigin of our Moon

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Vocab Words for Artificial SatellitesVocab Words for Artificial Satellites

Artificial SatelliteArtificial SatelliteScientific Research SatelliteScientific Research SatelliteWeather SatelliteWeather SatelliteEarth-Observing SatelliteEarth-Observing SatelliteNavigation SatelliteNavigation SatelliteCommunication SatelliteCommunication SatelliteMilitary SatelliteMilitary Satellite

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites An An Artificial SatelliteArtificial Satellite is a man made object put is a man made object put

into orbit around another object. into orbit around another object. For example, they orbit Earth, other planets, moons, For example, they orbit Earth, other planets, moons,

etc.etc. They remain in orbit by a gravitational force.They remain in orbit by a gravitational force.

They all take different types of orbits depending upon They all take different types of orbits depending upon their purpose.their purpose.

They include different instruments depending They include different instruments depending upon their purpose.upon their purpose. All include some sort of communication device to All include some sort of communication device to

communicate with earth and some sort of device to communicate with earth and some sort of device to allow it to power itself.allow it to power itself.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites

Artificial SatellitesArtificial SatellitesThere are 6 types of artificial satellites:There are 6 types of artificial satellites:

Scientific Research SatelliteScientific Research SatelliteWeather SatelliteWeather SatelliteEarth-Observing SatelliteEarth-Observing SatelliteNavigation SatelliteNavigation SatelliteCommunication SatelliteCommunication SatelliteMilitary SatelliteMilitary Satellite

Artificial SatellitesArtificial SatellitesScientific Research SatelliteScientific Research Satellite

Used to collect data and research other Used to collect data and research other planets and/or moons.planets and/or moons.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Weather Weather

SatelliteSatellite Used to Used to

collect data collect data and and research research weather weather patterns patterns across the across the world.world.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Earth-Observing SatelliteEarth-Observing Satellite

Used to take pictures of different areas of the earth.Used to take pictures of different areas of the earth.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Navigation Navigation

SatelliteSatellite Used to Used to

communicate communicate with your gps with your gps and other and other tracking tracking systems.systems.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Communication Communication

SatelliteSatellite Used by Used by

companies to companies to allow and allow and enhance enhance communication communication with your tvs, with your tvs, radios, cell radios, cell phones, internet, phones, internet, etc.etc.

Artificial SatellitesArtificial Satellites Military Military

SatelliteSatellite Used by the Used by the

government government to spy on to spy on other other nations or nations or spy on our spy on our own nation.own nation.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesVocab Words for Natural SatellitesVocab Words for Natural Satellites

Natural SatelliteNatural Satellite

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesA A Natural SatelliteNatural Satellite is an object that is in is an object that is in

orbit around another object. It is not man-orbit around another object. It is not man-made!made!Examples:Examples:

The earth a natural satellite of the sun.The earth a natural satellite of the sun.All of the planets, comets, meteoroids, asteroids All of the planets, comets, meteoroids, asteroids

and dwarf planets are natural satellites of the sun.and dwarf planets are natural satellites of the sun.The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.Jupiter has 64 natural satellites.Jupiter has 64 natural satellites.

Natural Satellites orbit due to a gravitational Natural Satellites orbit due to a gravitational force exerted by its parent object.force exerted by its parent object.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesHere is the orbit of some of the planets around the Here is the orbit of some of the planets around the

sun. They are natural satellites of the sun.sun. They are natural satellites of the sun.

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites Our MoonOur Moon The Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

Vocab Words for “The Orbit of the Moon”Vocab Words for “The Orbit of the Moon” 11stst Quarter Quarter 33rdrd Quarter Quarter New MoonNew Moon Full MoonFull Moon WaxingWaxing WaningWaning Synchronous OrbitSynchronous Orbit Near SideNear Side Far SideFar Side Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesThe Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

The moon revolves around the earth every The moon revolves around the earth every 29.5 days.29.5 days.

The moon rotates around itself every 29.5 The moon rotates around itself every 29.5 days as well!days as well!

This means the moon’s orbit is synchronousThis means the moon’s orbit is synchronousA A Synchronous OrbitSynchronous Orbit is when the period of is when the period of

revolution is equal to the period of rotation. The revolution is equal to the period of rotation. The moon rotates at the same exact pace that is moon rotates at the same exact pace that is revolves at!revolves at!

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesThe Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

The Synchronous orbit of the Moon causes The Synchronous orbit of the Moon causes the moon to have a Near Side and a Far Side.the moon to have a Near Side and a Far Side.The The Near SideNear Side of the Moon is the side of the moon of the Moon is the side of the moon

that ALWAYS faces the earth.that ALWAYS faces the earth.The The Far SideFar Side of the Moon is the side of the moon of the Moon is the side of the moon

that NEVER faces the earth.that NEVER faces the earth. In 1959 the Russian Mission, Luna 3 (an unmanned In 1959 the Russian Mission, Luna 3 (an unmanned

space probe) photographed it. This is the first time space probe) photographed it. This is the first time people saw pictures of the Far Side.people saw pictures of the Far Side.

It wasn’t until 1968 that people saw it first hand. Apollo 8 It wasn’t until 1968 that people saw it first hand. Apollo 8 was able to orbit the moon and view the far side. was able to orbit the moon and view the far side. Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William Anders Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William Anders were able to see it.were able to see it.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesNear Side on the Left and Far Side on the RightNear Side on the Left and Far Side on the Right

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites Note the differences between the Near Side and Note the differences between the Near Side and

Far SideFar Side This is why scientists believe the Earth has had some This is why scientists believe the Earth has had some

impact on the Formation of the Moon.impact on the Formation of the Moon.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesThe Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

As the moon revolves around the earth it looks As the moon revolves around the earth it looks different in the sky each night.different in the sky each night.The different appearances of the moon in the night The different appearances of the moon in the night

sky are called the Moon Phases.sky are called the Moon Phases.

The moon is ALWAYS 50% lit up from the sun. The moon is ALWAYS 50% lit up from the sun. It isn’t always the lit up side that is facing the earth.It isn’t always the lit up side that is facing the earth.

What we see at night (the different phases) are What we see at night (the different phases) are combination of the lit up portion of the moon and combination of the lit up portion of the moon and side of the moon facing the earth.side of the moon facing the earth.

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites The Moon goes through 8 distinct phases during The Moon goes through 8 distinct phases during

each of its revolution.each of its revolution. New MoonNew Moon Waxing CrescentWaxing Crescent 11stst Quarter Quarter Waxing GibbousWaxing Gibbous Full MoonFull Moon Waning GibbousWaning Gibbous 33rdrd Quarter Quarter Waning CrescentWaning Crescent

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesNew MoonNew Moon is when none of the lit up is when none of the lit up

portion of the moon is facing the earth.portion of the moon is facing the earth.The moon appears completely dark in the The moon appears completely dark in the

night sky from earth.night sky from earth.Full MoonFull Moon is when all of the lit portion of is when all of the lit portion of

the moon is facing the earth.the moon is facing the earth.The moon appears completely bright in the The moon appears completely bright in the

night sky from earth.night sky from earth.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesThe The WaxingWaxing phases are the growing phases are the growing

phases of the moon.phases of the moon.When the moon goes from new moon to full When the moon goes from new moon to full

moonmoonThe The WaningWaning phases are the shrinking phases are the shrinking

phases of the moon.phases of the moon.When the moon goes from full moon back When the moon goes from full moon back

down to new moondown to new moon

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites The Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

The moon’s orbit is tilted 5 degrees to the earth’s orbit.The moon’s orbit is tilted 5 degrees to the earth’s orbit.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesThe Orbit of the MoonThe Orbit of the Moon

This tilted orbit means that solar eclipses and This tilted orbit means that solar eclipses and lunar eclipses will NOT occur each month.lunar eclipses will NOT occur each month.A Solar Eclipse is when the moon comes right in A Solar Eclipse is when the moon comes right in

between the earth and sun and casts its shadow between the earth and sun and casts its shadow upon the sun.upon the sun.

The Moon should be New Moon phase at this point.The Moon should be New Moon phase at this point.

A Lunar Eclipse is when Earth falls directly in A Lunar Eclipse is when Earth falls directly in between the sun and the moon and casts its between the sun and the moon and casts its shadow upon the moon.shadow upon the moon.

The Moon should be in Full Moon phase at this point.The Moon should be in Full Moon phase at this point.

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites Position of Sun, Moon & EarthPosition of Sun, Moon & Earth

View from EarthView from Earth Total Solar EclipseTotal Solar Eclipse

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesLunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

Position of Sun, Moon & EarthPosition of Sun, Moon & Earth

View from EarthView from Earth Total Lunar EclipseTotal Lunar Eclipse

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesOur MoonOur MoonMoon’s Surface FeaturesMoon’s Surface Features

Vocab Words for “Surface Features of Vocab Words for “Surface Features of our moon”our moon”MariaMariaHighlandHighlandCraterCrater

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesMoon’s Surface FeaturesMoon’s Surface Features

The moon has surface features similar to the The moon has surface features similar to the way earth has surface features.way earth has surface features.When Galileo first looked the moon from earth, he When Galileo first looked the moon from earth, he

believed he was seeing oceans and continents on believed he was seeing oceans and continents on the moon because he saw darker and lighter the moon because he saw darker and lighter areas.areas.

The moon consists of maria and highlands.The moon consists of maria and highlands.MariaMaria are dark, low-lying lava intrusions upon the are dark, low-lying lava intrusions upon the

moon’s surfacemoon’s surfaceHighlandsHighlands are lighter, elevated areas of the are lighter, elevated areas of the

moon’s surfacemoon’s surface

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites Moon’s Surface FeaturesMoon’s Surface Features

Natural SatellitesNatural Satellites Moon’s Surface Moon’s Surface

FeaturesFeatures The moon’s The moon’s

surface is covered surface is covered in in craterscraters. These . These are bowl shaped are bowl shaped depressions depressions resulting from a resulting from a meteoroid impact.meteoroid impact.

Natural SatellitesNatural SatellitesOrigin of our MoonOrigin of our Moon

You will read about the different theories on You will read about the different theories on how the moon was formed in your reading how the moon was formed in your reading booklet.booklet.

You will also do a lab that where you will learn You will also do a lab that where you will learn about the age of different surface features on about the age of different surface features on the moon.the moon.