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ASTRONOMY. - study of all physical objects in space. History of Space – 10:25. Our amazing world. I. History Timeline. 50s – Russian Sputnik – 1 st satellite in space__. TIMELINE. ___________________________________ 50s ’61 Alan Shepherd – 1 st American - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ASTRONOMY - study of all physical
objects in space
History of Space – 10:25
Our amazing world
ShadowPuppets.mp4
I. History Timeline50s – Russian Sputnik – 1st satellite in space__
TIMELINE___________________________________50s ’61 Alan Shepherd – 1st American in space
TIMELINE
___________________________________50s ’61 ’62 John Glenn- orbits earth
TIMELINE___________________________________50s ’61 ’62 ’68 around moon
TIMELINE___________________________________50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69 Neal Armstrong 1st to walk on moon
Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin
TIMELINE
___________________________________50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69 80s space shuttle 1st reusable spacecraft
TIMELINE
__________________________________
50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69 80s 1990s – Hubble space telescope
II. UniverseA. Distance measured
1. light year – distance light travels through space in one yr.
2. Astronomical Unit (A.U.) – distance between earth & sun (93 million miles)
B. Galaxy – large group of stars that travel together
1. star – giant ball of hot glowing gases
- Constellation – sections w/patterns
2. Milky Way – spiral shape
III. Our Solar System – sun + 8 planets
A. Planetary Motion 1. revolution – planets orbit
around sun; causes 1 year
2. rotation – spins on axis; causes
day/night
B. Sun – closest star1. core made of H atoms fuse to
formHe atoms - (nuclear fusion)2. Gravity – keeps planets in orbit3. Sunspots – dark areas on surface
(cooler gases)
Our Sun – 3:16
C. Planets – My very educated mother just served us nachos
1. Inner Planets – small & dense; rocky
a. Mercury – no atmosphere; ½ HOT & ½ FREEZING; No life
b. Venus – CO2 atm. (+H2SO4) – traps heat; hottest planet; rotates opposite earth
c. Earth – H2O (life); N2 & O2 atmos.;
1 moon (Luna) – natural
satellite: object that orbits a planet
Earth
d. Mars – “Red Planet” – red soil; mainly CO2 (cold); 2 tiny moons
Asteroid Belt – separates inner & outer Planets; most asteroids found here
2. Outer Planets – gas giants (rings); no known solid surfaces
a. Jupiter – largest; 62 moons; thin set of rings; “Great Red Spot” – hurricane-like storm
b. Saturn – 2nd largest; ice & dust; 61 moons (Titan – 2nd largest moon); known for large rings
C. Uranus – axis runs sideways; 27 moons
d. Neptune – “The Blue World”; crosses Pluto’s path to switch positions; winds up to 700 mph; 13 moons
(Pluto – dwarf planet)
Planets – 3:42
D. Moons 1. all (exc. Mercury/Venus)
have moon (s) 2. reflect light
3. Phases – different appearance a. New Moon – no sunlight facing
earth; moon between sun & earth; - after: amt. of light gets larger
(waxes)
b. 1st Quarter – sunlight on the right ½
c. Full Moon – see whole moon; - after: amt. of light gets smaller
(wanes)
d. 3rd Quarter – sunlight on left side
4. Takes 27 1/3 days
Phases of the Moon – 4:09
5. Eclipse – shadow of one body falls on another
a. lunar eclipse – earth comes between the sun & moon; shadow of earth covers moon; turns red (bloody MES)
b. Solar Eclipse – moon comes between earth & sun; shadow of moon covers earth; can blind you; (EMS)
Total Eclipse of the Sun – 2:50
6. Tides – rise & fall of Earth’s water; gravity causes it
a. high tide – moon’s gravity pulls water toward point on Earth’s surface closest to moon
b. spring tide – 2x/mo. (new & full moon) – earth, moon, & sun line up: very high & very low tide
c. neap tide – 2x/mo. (1st & 3rd quarter) – 3 form 90o angle; tides w/least difference
Tides – 1:42
E. Other small bodies
1. Asteroids – small rocky objects that orbit sun; in Asteroid Belt (between Mars & Jupiter)
2. Comets – ball of ice & dust – orbits sun; 10 miles across & tail 100 million miles (as tail passes near sun, it melts & evaporates forming glowing tail)
Haley’s Comet
3. Meteoroid – piece of rock or dust in space from asteroids or comets
a. meteor – “Shooting Star” meteoroid enter atmosphere – burn streak of light
Comets & Meteors – 3:55
Shooting Star
b. meteorite – doesn’t burn completely & falls to ground
c. meteor shower – when Earth passes through dusty debris left behind the orbit of a comet
Meteors, Meteoroids, Meteorites – 2:16
THE END!!!