ASTM Equilibrio (Termodinámica)

11 I D I D ~ F W B I B STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.0 ASEA BROWN BOVERI

ABB LUMMUS ' CHAPTER 3: ASTM-TBP-EFV RELATIONSHIPS PAGE 1 OF 1 CREST ~

INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS OATE : A p r i 1 , 1 970 ~~

I/3 .O I/3.1 I/3.2 I/3.2- 1 I/3.2-2

I/3.3-1 I/3.3-2

I/3.4-1 I/3.4-2

1/3.5-1 1/3.5-2 1/3.5-3 I/3.5-4 I/3.5-5

I/3.3

I/3.4

I/3.5

I/3.6

Tab le o f Con ten ts Summary ASTM-TBP Conversions

ASTM-TBP a t Atmospheric Pressure ASTM-TBP a t 10 mm Hg Pressure

ASTM-EFV a t Atmospheric Pressure ASTM-EFV a t 10 mm Hg Pressure

TBP-EFV a t Atmospheric Pressure TBP-EFV a t 10 mm Hg Pressure

Conversion o f EFV t o Superatmospheric Conversion o f EFV t o Subatmospheric ASTM o f Overhead Product from EFV ASTM o f Bottoms Product from EFV API G r a v i t i e s o f P r o d u c t s f r o m EFV

ASTM-EFV Conversions

TBP- EFV Conversions

EFV Conversions

Computer Methods

A\ I R I R ' PI I I IB STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.1

A ASEA BROWN BOVERI

ABB LUMMUS CREST INC.

ASTM-TBP-EFV RELATIONSHIPS I PAGE 1 OF 1 SUMMARY I DATE : Apri 1 ,1970

For the design o f petroleum plants, i t i s necessary t o know the vapor-liquid phase equi 1 ibri um of the petroleum fractions involved. These d a t a may be found by experimentally determining an equi l i bri um flash vaporization (EFV) on the petroleum fract ion a t the desi red operating conditions. However, EFV determinations are time consuming, tedious and expensive. Therefore, the EFV i s general ly calculated by empirical correlations from the data of the simpler analytical ASTM or true boil ing point (TBP) d i s t i l l a t i o n s .

The recommended correlations for obtaining these data from i nterconversions between the desired pairs are presented in this chapter. Four sections deal w i t h hand calculation methods f o r ASTM-TBP conversions , ASTM t o EFV conversions , TBP t o EFV conversions , and converting EFV d a t a t o different pressures o r predicting prop- e r t i e s of the products. A f i f th sect ion deals w i t h the avail ab1 e computer programs t o perform these conversions.

Users are emphatically cautioned against relying heavily on d a t a obtained from these correlations. Because of a lack o f standardization and other inherent in- adequacies in the experimental methods , the existi-ng ASTM, TBP and EFV d a t a are n o t suff ic ient ly consis tent to develop good correlations. Different d a t a could lead t o d i f fe ren t re1 iabi l i ty and, possibly , even a different select ion of correlations . However, the correlations presented are judged t o be the best and simplest general- ized methods available.

TBP dis t i l ' la t ion data given a t one pressure may be converted t o another pressure by moving along the vapor pressure curves of the Flaxwel 1-Bonnel 1 charts presented i n Chapter 5. ASTM d is t i l l a t ion da ta may be converted by this procedure b u t w i t h reduced r e l i a b i l i t y . The recommended procedure i s t o convert the given ASTM dis t i l l a t iGn to TBP data, change the TBP data to the new pressure, and re- convert these to ASTM data.

A HRMR PIIIII STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.2-1 ASEA BROWN BOVERl

ABB LUMMUS CREST

INC. ASTM-TBP CONVERSIONS

ASTM-TBP AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

I PAGE 1 OF 1

The adapted Edmister-Pol lack (1 948) correlation , presented to interconvert atmos- heric ASTM and TBP d i s t i l l a t i on da t a , is re l iab le to w i t h i n 10F w i t h a maximum of 5F between the 10- and 90- percent points. The method i s as follows:

1. Tabulate the values of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheitof the ASTM d i s t i l l - a t i on a t 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100 percent by volume as given.

2. F i n d the atmospheric TBP 50% temperature from the lower chart of Figure I/3.2-1 by adding the OF for the given ASTM 50% temperature to that ASTM 50% temperature.

3. Compute the temperature differences between the tabulated percents by volume of the ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n and, from the upper chart of Figure I/3.2-1 , read the temperature differences for each segment of the TBP curve.

4. Using the new TBP 50% temperature from step 2 and the temperature differences from step 3, compute the TBP d i s t i l l a t ion curve .

Note: To predict an atmospheric ASTM curve from an atmospheric TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n curve the procedure i s analogous , except that the ASTM 50% temperature must be determined by a tri al-and-error procedure.

Example: Calculate the atmospheric TBP curve f o r a 63.9"API l i g h t naphtha w i t h an atmospheric ASTM curve as given i n columns 1 and 2:

1 2 3 4 5 Volume % M lemp- ASTM T B P TBP Temp- Dist i l led erature , "F AT - AT erature , "F

0 10 30 50 70 90

115 158 197 222 248 292

43 39 25 26 44

71 63 41 38 54

41 112 175 21 6 254 308

1. From lower chart of Figure I/3.2-1 a t 222"F, AF= -6 and TBP 50% temperature equals 216F.

2. The temperature differences of the ASTM d is t i l l a t ion a re t abula ted i n column : and the corresponding TBP temperature differences from the upper chart of Fig. ure I/3.2-1 are tabulated i n column 4.

3. W i t h TBP 50% temperature and the temperature differences, the TBP curve i s calculated and tabulated i n column 5.

Figure I/3.2- 1 ASTM Temperature Difference , O F

ASTM 50% Temperature, O F

AL W I R FIIIIIC . STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.2-2 ASEA BROWN BOVE-W

ABB LUMMUS CREST

INC.

ASTM-TBP CONVERSIONS PAGE 1 OF 1

ASTM-TBP AT 10 MM HG PRESSURE DATE : Apri 1 , 1 970 The Edmister-Okamoto (1 959) correlat ion, presented to re la te ASTM and TBP dis-

5 11 at ion data a t 10 mm Hg absol Ute pressure, i s reported to calculate temperatures v i t h i n 25F of the actual values between the 10- and 90- percent points. The method i s out1 ined as follows:

1. Tabu1 ate the values of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the 10 mm Hg ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n a t 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 percent points by volume as given.

2. A t 10 mm Hg the 50% temperature of both the ASTM and TBP d i s t i l l a t i on a r e assumed equal.

3. Compute the temperature differences between the tabulated percents by volume of the 10 rnm Hg ASTM disti 11 ation and, from Figure I/3.2-2 , read the corresponding temperature differences fo,r each segment o f the TBP curve.

4. Using the TBP 50% temperature and the new temperature differences step 3, calculate the 10 mm Hg dis t i l la t ion curve.

Note: To predict a 10 mm Hg ASTM curve from a 10 mm Hg TBP d i s t i 1 l a t procedure is analogous.

ion, the

Example: Calculate the 10 mm Hg TBP disti 1 lation curve for a gas oi 1 10 mm Hg ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n given in columns 1 and 2.

1 2 10 mm Ha

3 4 5 10 mm Hg

from

w i t h the

Vol ume % ASTM Temp- ASTM TB P TBP Temp- Disti 1 led erature , "F - AT & erature , "F

10 39 50 70 90

337 393 434 483 542

56 41 49 59

63 48 49 59

323 3 86 434 483 54 2

1. Calculate the temperature differences o f the given ASTM and tabulate them i n column 3.

2. From Figure I/3.2-2 read the corresponding TBP temperature differences and tabu1 a t e them i n col umn 4.

3. Assuming the 50% temperatures are equal, the 10 mrn Hg TBP curve is tabu- la ted i n column 5 using the TBP temperature differences of column 4.

Fi gure I/3.2-2

LL 0

n aJ V E Q) L aJ e rl-

ASTM Temperature Difference, "F

. .

I I I

I 11 I R I R F q I B I B , STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.3-1 ASEA BROWN BOVERI ABB LUMMUS PAGE 1 OF 1 ASTM- EFV CONVERSIONS

CREST INC. DATE : Apri 1 ,1970 ASTM-EFV AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

~~~

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The Edmister-Okamoto (1959) correlation adapted w i t h th,e Chu-Staffel (1955) 50-percent correlation is presented t o estimate the atmospheric EFV-,distillation curve from atmospheric, ASTM d is t i l l a t ion da ta . This method, r e l i ab le t o w i t h i n 15F w i t h a maximum of 45F between the 10- and 90- percent po in t s , is as follows:

t

Tabulate the values of temperature i n ' degrees Fahrenheit of the atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n a t 0 , 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100 percent by volume as given.

Calcul'ate the slope of the 10 t o 70 percent by volume portion of atmospheric ASTM curve,

Find the EFV 50% temperature by adding t o the ASTM 50% temperature the temperature difference from-Figure 1/3.3-1.1 using the slope from -stop 2 and the given ASTM 50% temperature.

Compute the temperature difference between the tabulated percents by volume of the atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n and, from Figure I/3.3-1.2, read the corresponding temperature differences f o r each segment of the EFV curve.

W i t h the new EFV 50%- temperature from step 3 and the temperature differences from- step 4, compute the atmospheric EFV curve.

Example: Calculate the atmospheric EFV curve f o r a 47.8"API naphtha-kerosene blend w i t h the atmospheric ASTM curve given i n columns 1 and 2:

1 2 3 4 5 Volume % ASTM Temp- ASTM EFV EFV Temp- Distilled erature , O F AT - AT erature , O F

-

0 10 30 50 70 90

1 00

96 172 298 393 455 51 6 575

76 126 95 62 61 59

38 94 63 35 32 23

161 199 293 356 391 423 446

I . Cal cul ate the -ASTM curve SI ope : 455-172 = 283 = 4.7 2. From Figure I/3.3-1- I , -& LFf . ' X temperature equals:

3. The temperature di,ferences of the ASTM dis t i l la t ion are tabulated i n

70-1 0 60

ASTM 50% tempe \ature ~+ AT = 393 + (-37) = 356F

column 3 and the corresponding EFV temperature differences, as read from Figure I/3.3-1.2, are then tabulated i n column 4.

4. With the EFV 50% temperature and the temperature differences i n column 4,the EFV curve is calculated and the results tabulated i n column 5.

Figure 113.3-1.1

1 no 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

ASTM 50% Temperature, O F

0 cu 0 0 7

0 co F i gure I/3.3-1.2

LL 0

0 e- -

I1 I R I R ~ F\IIII STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.3-2 ASEA BROWN BOVEW

ABB LUMMUS ASTM-EFV CONVERSIONS PAGE 1 OF 1 CREST

INC. I ASTM-EFV AT 10 MM H G PRESSURE I DATE : April ,1970 The Edmister-Okamoto (1959) correlation, presented to estimate the 10 m Hg EFV

l i s t i l l a t i o n curve from the corresponding 10 mm Hg ASTM d i s t i l l a t i on da t a , i s re l iab le ;o w i t h i n 15F w i t h a maximum of 56F between the 10- and 90- percent points. The lethod i s outlined as fol lows :

1.

2.

3.

4.

Tabulate the values of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the 10 mm Hg ASTM d is t i 1 l a t i o n a t 0 , 10 , 30, 50 , 70 and 90 percent by volume as given. From Figure I/3.3-2.1 us ing the ASTM 50% temperature and the difference between the 30% and 10% temperatures of step 1, read the temperature difference which i s added t o the ASTM 50% temperature to obtain the corresponding EFV 50% temperature.

Compute the temperature differences between the tabulated percents by volume of the 10 mm Hg ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n and, from Figure 1/3.3-2.2, read the corresponding temperature difference for each segment of the EFV curve.

Using the EFV 50% temperature from step 2 , and the new temperature differences from step 3 , calculate the 10 mm Hg EFV dis t i l la t ion curve.

Example: Calculate the 10 mm Hg EFV curve f o r a residuum w i t h the given 10 mm Hg ASTM dis t i l la t ion tabulated i n columns 1 and 2 below:

1 2 3 - 4 5 10 mm Hg 1 0 mm Hg -

Vol ume % ASTM Temp- ASTM E FV EFV Temp- D i s t i 1 led erature,OF AT - AT erature , O F

0 10 30 50 70

1. From F

1 82 30 2 395 503 625

1 20 93

108 1 22

61 73 87 96

26 7 328 40 1 488 584

igure 1/3.3-2.1, the 10 mm Hg EFV 50% temperature equals: ASTM 50% temperature + AT = 503 + (-15) = 488F

2. Using the temperature differences of the ASTM dis t i l l a t ion t abula ted i n column 3, the corresponding EFV temperature differences are read from Figure I/3.3-2.2 and tabulated i n column 4.

3. W i t h the EFV 50% temperature and the temperature differences, the 10 mm Hg EFV curve i s calculated and the results are tabulated i n column 5.

Figure I/3.3-2.1

STANDARD' DATA BOOK 10 mm Hg ASTM t o EFV ASTM 50% TEMPERATURE

-1

eASTM 50% Temperature, O F

0 0 7

0 a3 0 a d 0 Figure I/3.3-2.2

0 0-

0 N

11 I R I R PWIBI STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.4-1 ASEA BROWN BOVERI

ABB LUMMUS I TBP-EFV CONVERSIONS I PAGE 1 OF 1 CREST

INC. ' I TBP-EFV AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE The Edmister-Okamoto (1959) correlation, presented to estimate the atmospheric

EFV d i s t i l l a t i o n curve from atmospheric TBP d is t i l l a t ion da ta , is , r e l i ab le t o w i t h i n 25F w i t h a maximum of 145F between the 10- and 90- ,percent poin ts . The method i s out1 i ned as fo l 1 ows :

1.

2.

3.

4.

Tabu1 ate the values o f temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the atmospheric TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n a t 0, 10, 30, 50, 70,-90 and 100 percent by volume as given

From Figure 1/3.4-1.1 , using the TBP 50% temperature and the difference between the 30% and 10% temperatures from step 1 , read the temperature difference which is added t o the TBP 50% temperature t o obtain the corresponding atmospheric EFV 50% temperature.

Compute the temperature difference between the tabulated percents by volume of the atmospheric TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n and, from Figure I/3.4-1.2, read the corresponding temperature difference for each segment of the EFV curve.

Using the EFV 50% temperature from step 2, and the new temperature d i f f - erences from step 3, calculate the atmospheric EFV disti 11 a t i on curve.

Example: Calculate the atmospheric EFV curve f o r a 22.4"API stock w i t h the atmospheric TBP d i s t i 1 lation tabulated i n columns 1 and 2 below:

1 Volume %

2 3 A t m . TBP TBP

- 4 5 m A t m . kkV Distil led Temperature, O F - AT - AT Temperature , O F

0 10 30 50 70 90

46 2 557 61 7 662 705 773

95 60 45 43 68

29 20 14 14 31

600 629 64 9 66 3 677 708

1. From .Figure Ij3.4-1.1 , the atmospheric EFV 50% temperature equals:

2. Calculate 'the temperature differences o f the given TBP and tabulate them

3. Using the temperature differences of the TBP d i s t i l l a t ion t abula ted i n

TBP 50% temperature + AT = 662 + 1 = 663OF

i n column 3.

column 3, the corresponding EFV temperature differences are read from Figure I/3.4-7.2 and tabulated i n column 4.

4. W i t h the EFV 50% temperature and the temperature differences , the a tms- pheric EFV curve i s calculated and the results tabulated i n column 5.

Figure I/3.4-1.1

4 m W

VI

&? 0

Y

0 -ll

SSTANDARD DATA BOOK] I ATMOSPHERIC TBP TO EFV I I TBP 50% TEMPERATURE VERSUS EFV 50% TEMPERATURE I

&F (ADD TO TBP 50% TO OBTAIN EFV 50% TEMPERATURE)

L 0

n rn I-

A I M R FWBBB , STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.4-2 ASEA BROWN BOVERl

I

ABB LUMMUS ' CREST '

INC. I

TBP-EFV CONVERSIONS

TBP-EFV AT 10 MM HG PRESSURE

I PAGE 1 OF 1 I DATE : April ,1970

The E d m f s t e r - O k a ~ t o (1 353) come? at ion, presented t o re? a t e th2 10 mm Hg EFV d i s t i l l a t i on curve t o 10 mm Hg TBP d i s t i l l a t i on da t a , is reported to. calculate temp- 2ratures w i t h i n 25F of the actual values between the 10- and 90- percent points. Thc nethod i s o u t l i n e d as follows:

1. Tabulate the value's of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the 10 mm Hg TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n a t 0,10,30,50,70, and-90 percent by volume as given.

2. From Figure I/3.4-2.1, using the TBP 50% temperature and the difference between the 30% and 10% temperature from step 1 , read the temperature d i f f - erence which i s added t o the TBP 50% temperature t o obtain the correspondins 1 C mm Hg EFV 50% temperature.

3. Compute the temperature difference between the tabulated percents by volume of the 10 mm Hg TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n and, from Figure I/3.4-2.2, read the corresponding temperature difference for each segment o f the EFV curve.

4. Using the EFV 50% temperature from step 2 and the new temperature difference from s tep 3, calculate the 10 mm Hg EFV d i s t i l l a t i o n curve.

Example: Calculate the 10 mm Hg EFV curve f o r a residuum w i t h the given 10 mm Hg TBP d is t i l l a t ion t abula ted i n columns 1 and 2 below:

1 2 3 4 5 Vol ume % 10 mm Hg TBP TB P rn 10 mm'Hg EFV Dist i l led Temperature, O F - AT &r Temperature, O F

-

0 10 30 50 7 0.

1 70 303 405 501 620

133 102 96 119

70 76 70 94

269 339 41 5 485 579

I . From Figure I/3.4-2.1, the 10 mm Hg EFV 50% temperature equals : TBP 50% temperature + AT = 501 + (-1 6) = 485F

2. Calculate the temperature difference of the given TBP and tabulate them i n

3. Using the-temperature differences o f the TBP d is t i l l a t ion t abula ted i n col umn 3.

column 3, the corresponding EFV temperature differences are read from Figure P/3.4-2.2 and tabulated i n column 4.

4. W i t h the EFV 50% temperature and the temperature differences, the 10 mm Hg EFV curve is calculated and the results are tabulated i n column 5.

F i g u r e I/3.4-2.1 AaF (Add t o TBP 50% t o O b t a i n EFV 5 0 % T e m p e r a t u r e )

m M 0

I P 3

I Tu 3

0 N 0

0' co 0 0 e- Figure I/3.4-2.2 N 0

0 N 0

11 I R I R I IWB1B STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.5-1 ASEA BROWN BOVERl

ABB LUMMUS CREST

INC.

EFV CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION OF EFV TO SUPERATMOSPHERIC

I PAGE 1 OF 3 1 QATE: April ,1970

The Edmister-Okamoto (1959) correlation is presented to determine superatmospheric EFV data from corresponding EFV data a t atmospheric pressure. For temperatures between the 10- and 9OY percent points the correlation i s re1 iabl e t o w i t h i n 20F i f experimental atmospheric EFV data i s used or to within 25F i f EFV curves from empirical correlations are used. The cor re la t ion i s - not reliable i n the cr i t ical region or below atmospheric pressure. The method i s outlined as follows:

1. k i n g the method i n Chapter 4 , determine the critical point of the petroleum fract ion. This method t o determine superatmospheric EFV data can only be used below the cr i t ical point and above one atmosphere pressure.

2. Both ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n and EFV data a t atmospheric pressure are needed by this method to estimate EFV a t a superatmospheric pressure. If no experimental EFV i s available, calculate the atmospheric EFV curve using the em- pir ical method i n Section 1/3.3-1. Tabulate the values of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit for both curves a t 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent by vo 1 ume .

3. Calculate the ASTM 10 t o 90 percent slope , the volumetric average boiling point ( V A B P ) , and the ra t io o f ASTM VABP t o (1 0 t o 90 percent slope plus 16).

4. Locate the focal point on Figure I/3.5-1 by the following procedure:

a. From the value of ASTM VABP on the right-hand horizontal axis go ver- t i ca l ly to the given value of API gravity for the petroleum fraction.

b. Then proceed horizontal ly to the value o f ASTM 10 to 90 percent slope calculated i n s tep 3.

c. Go ver t ical ly to the value o f the ratio calculated i n step 3. This point is the focal point.

5. P1 ot the atmospheric EFV temperatures o f the desired volume percent vaporized on the 14.7 psia line.

6. Draw s t ra ight l ines between each atmospheric EFV temperature point and the focal point. Each 1 i ne i s a constant volume percent vaporized. Thus the EFV temperatures a t a desired superatmospheric pressure can be read from the new chart .

Example: Construct a diagram for a 47.8"API naphtha-kerosene blend f o r which the following atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n is given b u t no atmos- pheri c EFV data are avai 1 ab1 e .

11 1R1R P U B W STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.5-1 ASEA BROWN BOVERI

ABB LUMMUS CREST

INC.

EFV CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION OF EFV TO SUPERATMOSPHERIC

I PAGE 2 OF 3 I DATE : April ,1970

ASTM Dis t i l l a t ion , Volume Percent 10 1 30 r 50 1 70 I 96 Temperature , O F 172 I 298 I 393 455 1 516

~ TI._,LI. .- I -..r --.,*.-. .__. ~ ... r, . - -

1 . Estimate the atmospheric EFV using the empirical method in Section 1/3.3-1.

EFV, Volume Percent 10 30 I 50 70 I 90 Temperature , "F 199 293 __ 1 356 . .- - . . . .. . . - 391 -. .. .. 1 423

2. Calculate:

ASTM slope = 516-172 = 4.3"F/% 90-1 0

ASTM VABP - - 367 ASTM slope + 16 4.3 + 16 = 18.1

3. Locate the focal point on Figure I/3.5-1 by following the procedure in step 4. P l o t the EFV temperatures, estimated by method i n Section I/3.3-1 , on the 14.7 psia 1 ine and connect each of these points w i t h the focal point w i t h a s t r a i g h t l ine. Each 1 ine represents a constant volume percent vaporized and the EFV temperatures can be read for the desired superatmospheric pressure.

4. From Chapter 4, the critical temperature is 720F and the c r i t i ca l pressure is 330 psia. Therefore, the diagram must not be used beyond this range.

2 a CK

6 - n w 2 T- a" 4 ' 8

V I Sd - 3HnSS3Md c 2

a 0

I

PHASE DIAGRAM CONSTRUCTION CHART TEMPERATURE, 100 mo 'F a0 #r) l 1 o 0 ~ u o o 1 4 0 0

ASTM VA0P

Ab BRBR STANDARD DATA BOOK F q I B I B I/3.5-2 ASEA BROWN BOVERI

ABB LUMMUS EFV CONVERSIONS PAGE 1 OF 1 CREST

INC. CONVERSION OF EFV TO SUBATMOSPHERIC DATE : Apri 1 , 1970

The Edmister-Okamoto (1 959) correlation, presented to re1 a t e the 50-percent temperatures of EFV d i s t i l l a t i ons a t va r ious subatmospheric pressures, i s reported by the authors to calculate temperatures w i t h i n 25F of the actual values. The nethod i s out1 i ned as fol lows :

1.

2.

3.

Tabulate the values of temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the EFV fo r the 50 percent by volume and other desired percents vaporized a t the given pressure

Using Figure I/3.5-2 and the given 50% temperature (for heavy stocks when the EFV 50% temperature is not avail able, the EFV 30% temperature may be used instead) , transpose t h e O % temperature to the desired subatmospheric pressure. Enter the horizontal axis a t t h e given 50% temperature and proceed ver t ica l ly upward to the line corresponding to the pressure of the given EFV. Then go horizontally to the 1 i ne corresFondi ng to the desired new pressure and ver t ica l ly downward t o the new 50% temperature. ( I f the given pressure is 760 mm Hg, enter the verti.ca1 axis a t t h e given 50% temperature , proceed horizontally to the 1 i ne corresponding t o the desired new pressure and ver t ica l ly downward to the new 50% temperature. )

Using the new EFV 50% temperature and assuming that the temperature d i f f - erences between segments o f the EFV curves are constant a t subatmospheric pressures , compute the new EFV curve.

Example: Calculate the 100 mm Hg EFV curve f o r a residuum w i t h the given 10 mm Hg EFV curve tabulated i n columns 1 and 2 below:

1 2 3 4 Volume 10 mm Hg EFV EFV 100 mm Hg EFV Percent Temperature , "F Temperature , O F

-

0 10 30 50 70

275 338 41 4 494 588

63 76 80 94

409 472 548 6 28 722

1. From the 10 mm Hg EFV 50% temperature of 494F and Figure I/3.5-2, the new EFV 50% temperature is found, following the procedure i n s tep 2 , t o be 628F.

2. The temperature difference for the indicated segments are calculated and

3. Assuming that the temperature differences are constant i n the subatmos- shown i n column 3.

pheric region, the 100 mm Hg EFV curve is obtained by subtracting and adding to the 100 mm Hg EFV 50% temperature the differences i n column 3. The resul ts are tabulated i n column 4.

Figure 1/3-52

EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THE 50% POINT TEMPERATURES ON

THE VACUUM EFV

3 1000 @

900

800

700

600

500

$00

300

200

EFV 50% Temperature a t P , O F

A i I B I R F W I I B STANDARD DA?A BOOK I/3.5-3 ASEA BROWN BOVERI 1

ABB LUMMUS CREST INC.

EFV CONVERSIONS I PAGE 1 OF 1 ASTM OF OVERHEAD PRODUCT FROM EFV I DATE : Apri 1,1970

points . 1.

2.

3.

4.

The Edmister (1949) correlation, presented t o relate the atmospheric ASTM d i s - t i l l a t i o n curve for the overhead of an EFV t o t h e ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n of the feed, is re1 iable t o w i t h i n 20F w i t h a maximum of 120F between the 10- and ercent

The method i s out1 ined as follows :

Tabulate the values of the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit o f the feed ASTM d i s t i l l a t i on a t t he given percents by volume d i s t i l l e d .

Calculate the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope of the feed.

From Figure I/3.5-3 f i n d the temperature differences a t the various percents by volume d i s t i l l e d o f the overhead product. Enter the figure a t t h e to ta l volume percent o f the feed vaporized by the EFV on the horizontal axis, proceed ver t ical ly t o the 1 ine corresponding t o the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope calculated i n s tep 2 , then horizontally t o t h e f i r s t o f the desired percent by volume o f the overhead, vertically t o the 1 ine corresponding t o the pressure of the EFV and horizontally t o read the difference. This procedure i s repeated for each desired percent of the overhead.

The temperature differences found i n step 3 are subtracted from the ASTM temperatures o f . t h e feed t o obtain the ASTM temperatures of the EFV overhead product a t the corresponding percents by volume d i s t i l l ed .

Example: Estimate the ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n curve of the overhead product resul t i n g from an EFV a t atmospheric pressure w i t h 502 by volume vaporized. The atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l z t i o n of the feed i s tabulated i n columns 1 and 2 below:

1 2 3 4 Volume Percent Feed ASTM

- Overhead Product

Distil led Temperature,OF AT ASTM Temperature,OF 10 30 50 70 90

248 322 374 424 486

30 58 79 91 99

21 8 264 295 333 387

1. Gal culate the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope: 424-248 = 2 . 9 " ~ / % .

2. From Figure I/3.5-3 for an EFV o f 50% vaporized, the temperature differ- 70-1 0

ences are found by fo l l owing the procedure i n step 3 and are tabu1 ated i n column 3 a t the corresponding percent by vol ume dis ti 1 led.

temperatures of the feed t o obtain the ASTM temperaturesof the overhead product. The results are tabulated i n column 4.

3. The temperature differences are subtracted from the corresponding ASTM

I lo lm Percent o f Charae Vaoarized

11 mRmR P I I B I B STANDARD DATA BOOK I/3.5-4 ASEA BROWN BOVERl ,

ABB LUMMUS CREST

EFV CONVERSIONS PAGE 1 OF 1 INC. I ASTM OF BOTTOMS PRODUCT FROM EFV I DATE: April ,1970

The Edmister (1949) correlation,, presented t o relate the atmospheric ASTM d i s - t i l l a t i on curve for the bottoms product of an EFV to t he ASTM of the feed, i s re1 i able to w i t h i n 20F w i t h a.maximum of 75F between the 10- and 90-percent po in t s . The nethod is outlined as fol lows :

1. Tabulate the values of the temperature i n degrees Fahrenheit of the feed ASTM d i s t i l l a t i on a t t he given percents by volume d i s t i l l ed .

2. Calculate the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope of the feed.

3. From Figure 1/3.5-4, f i n d the temperature difference a t the various percents by volume d i s t i l l e d of the bottoms product. Enter the f igure a t the volume percent of the EFV vaporized on the horizontal axis , proceed ve r t i ca l ly t o the 1 ine corresponding t o the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope calculated i n s tep 2 , then horizontally t o the f irst of the desired percent by volume of the bottoms, vertical ly t o the line corresponding t o the pressure of the EFV and horizantally t o the axis t o read the temperature difference. This procedure i s repeated for each desired percent of the bottoms.

4. The temperature differences .found i n step 3 are added t o the ASTM temperatures o f the feed to ob ta in the ASTM temperatures of the EFV bottoms product a t the corresponding percents by volume d i s t i l l ed .

Example: Estimate the atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n curve of the bottoms product resulting from an EFV a t 200 p s i g pressure w i t h 50% by volume vaporized. The atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n of the feed is tabu- 1 ated i n col umns 1 and 2 bel ow:

1 2 3 4 Vol ume Percent Feed ASTM Bottoms Prcduct

Distil led Temperature,"F AT ASTM Temperature , O F 1 2 3

Vol ume Percent Feed ASTM Distil led Temperature,"F AT

4 Bottoms Prcduct ASTM Temperature , O F

10 30 50 70 90

248 322 374 4 24 486

60 48 39 28 20

308 3 70 41 3 452 50 6

1. Calculate the ASTM 10% t o 70% slope: 424-248 = 2. go^/% 70-1 0

2. From Figure I/3.5-4 for an EFV of 50%- vaporized, the temperature differences are found by following the procedure i n step 3 and are tabulated i n column 3 a t t he corresponding percent by volume d i s t i l l e d .

3. The temperature differences are added t o the ASTM temperatures of the feed t o obtain the corresponding ASTM temperatures o f the bottoms product. The results are tabulated i n column 4.

Figure I/3.5-4

Volume Percent o f Charge ~~ Yaprized .~

A I R I R 1cWBBP STANDARD DATA BOOK 1/3.5-5 ASEA BROWN 6OVERi

ABB LUMMUS CREST

INC.

EFV CONVERSIONS I PAGE 1 OF 1 API GRAVITIES OF PRODUCTS FROM EFV I DATE: ADril .I970

The Edmister (1949) correlation, presented t o r e l a t e the API gravi t ies o f the overhead and bottoms products of an EFV t o the properties o f the feed, i s reli ab1 e t o w i t h i n 3"API w i t h a maximum of 12"API. The method i s o u t l i n e d as follows:

1 . From the temperatures of the atmospheric ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n o f the given feed, calculate the ASTM 10% t o 30% slope.

2. In Figure 1/3.5-5, s t a r t a t the given EFV volume percent o f the feed vaporized on the lower sca le , proceed ver t ical ly t o the Val ue on the lines of the ASTM 10% t o 30% slope of the feed (marked t o be used fo r overhead product), then horizontally t o the given API gravity of the feed and ver t ica l ly to the t o p sca le where the API gravity o f the overhead product i s read. For the bottoms product a similar procedure i s followed except the 1 i nes of the ASTM 10% t o 30% slope o f the feed marked for bottoms product are used.

Example: Estimate the API gravity o f the overhead and bottoms products from an atmospheric EFV o f 70 percent of a 43.2"API feed. The ASTM d i s t i l l a t i o n of the feed gives a temperature of 248F a t 10 volume Dercent d i s t i l l e d and 322F a t 30%.

1. Calculate the ASTM 10% t o 30% slope o f the feed:

2. From Figure 1/3.5-5 w i t h an EFV for 70% of the feed vaporized and following the procedure i n step 2, the API gravity o f the overhead product is 45.3 and of the bottoms product i s 37.O"API.

Fiaure V3.5-5 . . I API Gravities o f Equilibrium Overhead o r Bottoms Products

Volume Percent o f Charge Vaporized

11 IRUR ~ FIBBBB I/3.6 STANDARD DATA BOOK A!XA BROWN BOVERI k ABB LUMMUS

CREST INC.

ASTM-TBP-EFV RELATIONSHIPS 1 PAGE 1 OF 1 COMPUTER METHODS

The equil i br ium flash vaporizatjon (EFV) curve of a petroleum fraction can be calculated from a given TBP d i s t i l l a t i o n curve by the following computer program.

Computer Program 4-9107: "Properties of Petroleum Blends and Cuts", Version 3.0, A p r i l 15, 1970.

This program can also handle certain l i g h t hydrocarbons that are of ten present i n petroleum fractions which the preceeding hand correlations cannot. The "User's Manual'' f o r Program No. 4-9107 can be obtained from Computer Systems.

,

3.0 Table of Contents3.1 Summary3.2 ASTM-TBP Conversions3.2.1 ASTM-TBP at Atmospheric Pressure3.2.2 ASTM-TBP at 10mm Hg Pressure

3.3 ASTM-EFV Conversions3.3.1 ASTM-EFV at Atmospheric Pressure3.3.2 ASTM-EFV at 10mm Hg Pressure

3.4 TBP-EFV Conversions3.4.1 TBP-EFV at Atmospheric Pressure3.4.2 TBP-EFV at 10mm Hg Pressure

3.5 EFV Conversions3.5.1 Conversion of EFV to Superatmospheric3.5.2 Conversion of EFV to Subatmospheric3.5.3 ASTM of Overhead Product from EFV3.5.4 ASTM of Bottoms Product from EFV3.5.5 API Gravities of Products from EFV

3.6 Computer Methods

Documents

ASTM Equilibrio (Termodinámica)