Association Communications 4 23

1

Above and beyond.

Association Association CommunicationsCommunications

ACSM Annual Conference and Technology Exhibition

Orlando, April 25, 2006

Jason ClurmanJason Clurman

Ilse GenoveseIlse Genovese

2

Association CommunicationsAssociation Communications

Communication about communication Types of communication Understanding the needs and challenges Trends in scholarly communications Response to new trends Know the facts Adapt or perish

3

Communication about Communication

Why talk about association communications? Commitment to share information Change driven by ICT Practical and economic realities

4

Types of CommunicationTypes of Communication

Scientific [scholarly, academic] Professional [technology] Publicity, marketing WWW, Intranet, Extranets Broadcast mail and e-mail Speaking engagements Conferences

5

Types of CommunicationTypes of Communication

Scholarly publishingStarted 400 years ago in England with Royal

Society’s Philosophical TransactionsSupports and furthers R&DMany of the best known science and

technology journals are published by professional societies

The publisher-pays/retains copyright model is being challenged

6

Understanding the Needs and ChallengesUnderstanding the Needs and Challenges

Increasing demand for free access to scientific information

Expanding online publishing Greater scrutiny of publishers and their

journals

7

Trends in scholarly communicationsTrends in scholarly communications

TrendsThe state of the publishing businessOnline vs. printOpen access

8

The state of the publishing The state of the publishing businessbusiness

• RoweCom/Divine… the gracing of subscriptions

• Librarians faced with declining budgets• ~2% increase in government funding for

2004-2005• College and University Endowments are

down ~5%• Subscriptions are falling• Advertising revenue is falling

9

Online vs. PrintOnline vs. Print• Pros of Online

» Online journal is becoming the journal of record» Younger audience is finding more information online» Online journal provides a more interactive way to read

material» Easier to disseminate information to a broader audience

• Cons of Online» Cost of online can be as expensive if not more » How do we guarantee the integrity of electronic data over

the long-term?» How do we attract advertisers?» Copyright issues… how do we control access to

information?

10

Open Access… What is it?Open Access… What is it?

• “The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use…

• A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving”

– PubMed Central

11

Open Access… What it really is!Open Access… What it really is!

• Scientific, technical, medical and scholarly research made freely available to the public at the cost of Publishers and Authors, through the support of grants, author fees and government funding.

Example: Authors are asked to voluntarily deposit articles (funded by the government) to the NIH database 6 months after publish date.

12

InitiativesInitiatives

• Los Alamos – 1991» Paul Ginspang; Los Alamos Physicist

• http://www.lanl.gov• Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Alliance (SPARC) –

1998» Rick Johnson; Enterprise Director

• http://www.arl.org/sparc/home/index.asp?page=0• PubMed Central – 2000

» Harold Varmus; Director of NIH• http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov

• BioMed Central – » Jan Velterop; Publisher

• http://www.biomedcentral.com• Public Library of Science – 2003

» Harold Varmus, Chairman of the Board; Patrick Brown, Stanford Professor; Michael Eisen, Berkeley Professor

• http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org

http://www.lanl.gov/

http://www.arl.org/sparc/home/index.asp?page=0

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/

http://www.biomedcentral.com/

http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org/

13

Los AlamosLos Alamos

• First free-access electronic archive» arXiv.org e-print archive» Pre-prints in physics, mathematics, computer

science and cognitive science.» Electronic posting of pre-published articles» 1,000 – 2,000 electronic transactions per hour» More than 50% of all research articles in

physics are posted to this server

14

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC)Resources Coalition (SPARC)

• Alliance of universities and research libraries aiming to improve the dissemination of information.

• Goals» Drive down publishing costs» Aid libraries in information dissemination» Develops competitive alternatives to high-

priced commercial journals and digital aggregations

15

PubMed CentralPubMed Central• NIH developed and funded electronic publishing

archive (Not a publisher).• Peer reviewed life sciences articles. No Pre-prints are

accepted.• Participation is voluntary and copyright remains with

the publisher.• Access if free and unrestricted.• 100 plus journals are hosted.• Many publishers/societies/associations currently

utilizing site to host articles.» PNAS» Molecular Biology of the Cell

16

BioMed CentralBioMed Central

• Independent Publishing House publishing both print and online.

• Free access to 100+ Journals in biology and medicine hosted.

• Online submission and peer-review technology is free of charge to groups of scientists wishing to run an open-access journal under their editorial control.

• Authors’ fees and institutional memberships fund open-access.

• Authors who publish in BioMed hold copyright.

17

Public Library of Science (PLOS)Public Library of Science (PLOS)

• Coalition of Research Scientists dedicated to making scientific and medical literature freely available to the public.» Circulated a letter that was signed by over 30,000 scientists in

over 180 countries in support of Open Access.• Operating on Authors fees and a 9 million dollar grant from the

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.• Publishes in Print and Online

» PLOS Biology (October 03’)» PLOS Medicine (Fall 04’) » PLOS Chemistry» PLOS Genetics» Etc…

• Peer-reviewed and edited by a leading academic and professional editorial board.

18

Open Access… Sabo BillOpen Access… Sabo Bill

• Sabo Bill Works of the United States Government are beyond the reach of copyright protection so that they will be freely available for the benefit of the people of the United States;

United States Government funded research belongs to, and should be freely available to, every person in the United States.

Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work produced pursuant to scientific research substantially funded by the Federal Government to the extent provided in the funding agreement entered into by the relevant Federal agency pursuant to paragraph (2).

PROVISION IN FUNDING AGREEMENTS- Any Federal department or agency that enters into a funding agreement with any person for the performance of scientific research substantially funded by the Federal Government shall include in the agreement a provision that states that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work produced pursuant to such research under the agreement.

19

Open Access … Who pays?Open Access … Who pays?

• Survey taken of PNAS authors» Are you willing to pay a surcharge to make your

article freely available online at time of publication?• Yes: 104 (49.5%)• No: 106 (50.5%)

» If yes, what is the maximum amount you would be willing to pay for open access?

• $500: 81 (79.4%)• $1,000: 15 (14.7%)• $1,500: 4 (3.9%)• $2,000: 2 (2.0%)

• Average cost to publish an article…» $2,000 - $10,000

20

Response to new trendsResponse to new trends

• Small/Medium Societies and Associations» Forced to compete with Open Access.» Find new ways to generate revenues to support an open-access

publishing model.» Many are concerned they will not be able to support a publishing model.

• University Presses» Develop an Open-Access Model» Charge Authors up front» Look for government grants and funding

• Commercial Publishers» Create Open-Access Journals» Fund through author fees, other non-open-access journals» Currently testing the models» Utilize Open-Access archives to save face» Profits will be cut» Journals may disappear

21

Know the FactsKnow the Facts

JISC study Circulation Costs Revenue Subscription trends

ACSM publishers’ experience

22


Circulation MailingPrint and onlineOnline only

23


CostsCosts: Trends: Fixed costs up; variable driven by market forces and technology

24


CostsCosts: Printed journal

Cost of mailing single most important costContent creation up Member subscriptions account for 2/3 of total

subscriptions filledMember subscriptions filled below cost

Online journal Content creation variableCost of distribution downMembers receive online journal as a member

benefit

25


Revenue sourcesRevenue sourcesInstitutional subscriptions

97% of total subscription revenue (2004) 86% of total journal revenue

Member subscriptions 6% of journal revenue

Author payments Non-member [personal] subscriptions

2% of total subscription revenue received

26


Subscription trendsInstitutional

Overall, institutional subscriptions fell [22%]56% fall in print subscriptions

Online only up [23%]Mainly technology fieldsMainly international subscriptions

Members subsDepends on membership drivePush to encourage online only

27


CaGIS, 2005-2006 Subscriptions

2005: Institutional 449 [40 print/online; 19 online only]2005: Membership 569

2006: Institutional 380 [45 print/online; 23 online only]2006: Membership 449

RevenueTotal 2005 subscription [I+M] revenue: $86,040Member portion of dues declared for publishing: $25,605

30% total sub revenueInstitutional subs revenue: $60,435

70% total sub revenue Costs: high fixed costs [review]; low print run = no economies of scale

28

Know the FactsKnow the Facts SaLIS, 2005-2006

*online coming w/ March 2006 Subscriptions

2005: Institutional 377 2005: Membership 4,701 2006: Institutional 330 2006: Membership 4,330

Revenue Total 2005 subscription [I+M] revenue: $245,545 Member portion of dues declared for publishing: $211,545

86% total subscriptions Institutional subs revenue: $ 34,000

14% total sub revenue Total SaLIS cost: $ 56,000 Paid from membership dues: $56k-$34k = $ 22,000

29


Summary CaGIS SaLIS

30

Adapt or PerishAdapt or Perish

Seeking the full potential of academic publishing

Cutting cost of content creation Taking advantage of technology (Digital

Art)

31


Seeking the full potential of publishingOnline Journal Utilizing Digital Art Online Peer-review and submission Online Manuscript TrackingOffering Alternative publishing options for authors

Color online vs. b/w in printConventional reprintsElectronic reprints

32


Cutting cost of content creationArtwork for print and online publishing—Different

requirements

Digital Art…Digital Art… ““The Good…The Good…

““The Bad…The Bad…

““The ‘I didn’t know it was a problem’…The ‘I didn’t know it was a problem’…

““The Good…The Good…keep up the good workkeep up the good work” ”

““The Bad…The Bad…see if we can helpsee if we can help” ”

““The ‘I didn’t know it was a problem’…The ‘I didn’t know it was a problem’… a little education can go a long waya little education can go a long way” ”

Preparing artworkPreparing artwork

• Time savings.• Promotion of online distribution.• Image quality improvements.• Online submission creates opportunities to

realize full benefits of peer-review and manuscript tracking systems.

Expectations from Expectations from UsableUsable Digital Art Digital Art

• Incompatible file formats

• Poor quality for print production

• Insufficient resolution

• Wrong size for page layout

• Assumptions about appearance of art in

print reflecting monitor appearance

Digital Art ChallengesDigital Art Challenges

Certifying digital art filesCertifying digital art files

A few necessary checks to certifyart files:

• File type • Resolution• RGB vs CMYK • Fonts included?• Compression type

Above and beyond.

ImageImageFundamentalsFundamentals

From hardcopy art using scanning equipment• can be accomplished, with mixed results,

by anyone who purchases a scanner

From computer software• Illustrator, PhotoShop, and others…

From digital imaging equipment• scientific and medical lab environments

Digitizing artDigitizing art

File Formats

FOR PRINTING• TIFF - Tagged Image File Format• EPS - Encapsulated PostScript

FOR THE WEB• GIF - Graphic Interchange Format• JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts

Group

Digital Image FundamentalsDigital Image Fundamentals

VectorRaster

Raster: pixel-based, resolution-dependent

Vector: mathematically-defined, resolution-independent


• Scalability of a raster image is limited.

• As the scale of a raster image is increased, the effective resolution decreases.


• Scalability of a vector image is virtually unlimited.

• Since vector images are resolution independent, there is no relationship between scaling and resolution



• What is color?

• RGB vs. CMYK

• Color gamuts

Color gamut comparison

Color Gamut

• Dimensional representation of color space.

• All the possible colors that the human eye can see

• The RGB gamut – versus – The CMYK gamut


RGB: What the author saw… CMYK: What the printer printed…

What the Author said to the Publisher: But it looked good on my monitor…

Typical systems and applications for exchanging and outputting digital files:

Mac or PCAdobe IllustratorAdobe PhotoShop

These applications are not recommended for print production:

Microsoft PowerpointMicrosoft WordMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Publisher

Software - what works?Software - what works?

• Use standard fonts (Publication specific fonts):• Helvetica• Times Roman• Symbol• Mathematical PI• European PI

• Always embed fonts, otherwise fonts will be replaced resulting in data loss or realignment.

Digital Image Fundamentals - FontsDigital Image Fundamentals - Fonts

Digital Image Fundamentals - FontsDigital Image Fundamentals - Fonts

Missing or Substituted Fonts

What the author saw… What the printer printed…

Compositoror Printer

Author Publisher

How do you fix these???????

• DX Advisor DX Advisor an extensive web site that contains information dealing with digital files for print, for the web, and for other media. Accessible at: http://dx.sheridan.com

• DX OnlineDX Online a web based, digital art checking tool. The user can submit 10 files per session via a web transfer of the digital art to the TSG server. Files will be checked for 150+ issues/problems. An e-mail to the user will link to a DX report detailing the printability of the digital art. Accessible at: http://dx.sheridan.com/onl

DigitalExpertDigitalExpert TMTM

Major ComponentsMajor Components

DigitalExpertDigitalExpert TMTM

(DX) an umbrella name for TSG’s digital (DX) an umbrella name for TSG’s digital

print and media solutions.print and media solutions.

http://dx.sheridan.com/

51

• Association publishing is changing» Industry and economic factors

• The online journal and Open Access as a new way to publish

• We must shift our thinking about how we prepare our content as the publishing model changes» Digital art preparation» Editorial policies

In closingIn closing

52

Questions?Questions?

Jason ClurmanThe Sheridan Group, Journals Division

450 Fame Avenue

Hanover, PA 17331

410-267-1618

[email protected]

Ilse GenoveseAmerican Congress on Surveying and

Mapping

6 Montgomery Village Ave.

Suite 403

Gaithersburg, MD 20879

[email protected]

Documents

Association Communications 4 23