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CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ASSIGNMENT ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES (COURSE NO: NCP-26) MODULE –19. SUBMITTED BY: MR.PRASHANT BAJIRAO GADE REGISTRATION NO – 26-01-14-2378-262 SUBMITTED TO: CENTRE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH CENTRE 25/1 BALEWADI, N.I.A POST OFFICE PUNE -411045 MR. PRASHANT BAJIRAO GADE 26-01-14 -2378-262 1

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Page 1: Assignment on 26-A

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENTTECHNIQUES

ASSIGNMENT ON

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENTTECHNIQUES

(COURSE NO: NCP-26)

MODULE –19.

SUBMITTED BY: MR.PRASHANT BAJIRAO GADE

REGISTRATION NO – 26-01-14-2378-262

SUBMITTED TO:

CENTRE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH CENTRE

25/1 BALEWADI, N.I.A POST OFFICEPUNE -411045

MR. PRASHANT BAJIRAO GADE 26-01-14 -2378-262

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CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENTTECHNIQUES

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUESPROJECT REPORT

Identification of projects

Project management techniques form the planner’s tools; they assist in analyzing the plants, organizing the information to others. Nowadays Project Management Techniques play an important role in completing Mega-Projects on time. Let us discuss about one of the Project Management Techniques i.e. Project Networking (Critical Path Method) , in this assignment including the various stage in identification, development, construction and project control of a proposed new International Cricket-Stadium facility.

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND ITS VARIOUS PHASES:

For any new project that comes into reality, it has to cross six phases of development. They are namely conceptualization, engineering, design, procurement, construction and operation & maintenance.

Feasibility studies (conceptualization);

The location of the stadium is proposed to be outside a mega city, say at a distance of about 5 kms away.As the work is just outside a mega city the skilled labour and raw materials will be available in required quantities to take up the project. The transportation of above components will also not be a problem.The need for a new International Cricket Stadium facility is realized before the designers start preparing design, drawing and specifications. Conceptualization is the first step in development of any project. The elements of

Conceptualization includes- conceptual analysis, technical and feasibility studies and environment impact factors. In this phase, the cricket board appoints a consultant / designer who in turn analyze items

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like location of the cricket stadium, availability of skilled labour for construction in the vicinity, availability of raw materials for construction, availability of other resource facilities – transportation, water and electric, political factors, return on investment etc. The consultant submits their project report covering above and gives their recommendation. Based on the consultant’s report, finally the cricket board decides to construct the stadium in this Mega city.The facility will be for having day/night matches and suitable lighting pylons will have to be provided. As this is highly specialized jobs this will require specialists for execution andprobably import of technology which will be possible due to proximity of the city

Engineering and design:

It consists of two phases, which are handled by architect and design engineers.The phases are:

Preliminary engineering & design. Detailed engineering & design.

During this stage, the Cricket- board’s consultant / architect conduct geotechnical and hydrological studies required for foundation design and prepare final design / drawings specification based on the studies. The designers, at this juncture through review meetings, will take care of the requirements and suggestion of cricket board authorities.

The preliminary engineering and design stresses architectural concepts, evaluates alternatives with respect to size, capacity, and type of stadium (open / closed) etc. and conducts economic feasibility study

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Based on board’s requirement, the architects will go through layout of parking facility, service roads, location of camera platform, light tower, cafeteria, VIP pavilion and seating arrangement for spectators etc Let us assume that the board has decided to construct an open stadium and a closed / indoor stadium. Then the designer will work out the economic feasibility of this project.

Let us take our project. If cost of ticket is RS. 100.00 and capacity of spectators is 80000 and if we conduct 4 matches per year for 5 years then there will be a return of RS, 16.Ocr. If we consider 20% on this return to cover profit, interest, depreciation, overhead and maintenance, then cost of construction of the project should be around RS. 12.8 cr. Such study enables the cricket board authorities to come to a conclusion on capacity of stadium or cost of ticket so that the project cost is taken back within “n” number of year.The detailed engineering and design involve successively breaking down the project into its activities so that it complies with all the recognizedPerformance, quality, and safely. The civil, mechanical, electrical and instrumental engineers of design firm will prepare the detail-drawing / Specification and issue them to contractor for procurement and construction work.

Project report:

Finally, a project report is prepared covering the technical and financial viability of project, alternative design, their merits and demerit etc. and the report is submitted to the competent authorities for further approval. After the approval, the design and construction works of the project work starts.

Procurement and construction:

The consultant of the cricket board invites tenders from competent parties and awards the job in consultation with their consultants to qualified contractors for procurement and construction work. The consultant supervises the contractor’s

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Scope of work and maintains the required quality through inspection and control, The contractor makes suitable arrangement for supply of men, materials and plan & machinery so that the total work would be completed as the mutually agreed schedule and cost.

Commissioning and maintenance:

After completion of construction work, necessary testing on electrical system, plumbing system are carried out After necessary testing, the stadium is handed over to the cricket board and they carry out the routine maintenance at the pre determined intervals.

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS:

A project can be defined as organization and performance of resources such as men, money, material and machinery in logical sequence of activities to construct a facility. This project development is controlled effectively by project management organization and project planning and control cell.

Project management organization:

The total responsibility of the project management organization is entrusted to a person called project manager. He is reporting to the cricket board. He is assisted by a group of engineers and supervisors as per the organization structure depicted in chart.1.

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Chart 1.1

PROJECT ORGANIZATION CHART FOR CONSTRUTION OF A CRICKET STADIUM FACILITY

PROJECT MANAGER (FOR CRICKET STADIUM

The chart also shows the flow of information from top and lower management, which is self-explanatory. Since construction of the stadium involve multi-dimensional activities, the Project Manager has to be intelligent, competent and equipped with latest project management techniques so that the targest can be achieved.

Project planning and control team:

The planning and control of project work is project work is proposed to be done from the onsed by drawing network diagram. The network diagram will be updated from time to time to control the project activities.

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CRICKET BOARD

PROJECT PLANNING CONTROL CELL CONSIST OF 1 MANAGER + 2 MANAGER

ENGIEERELECTRICAL

ENGINEER CIVIL WORK

ENGINEERQA/QC

ENGINEERCONTRACTSADMN

ADMINISTRA-TION OFFICER

ASST ENGINEER ASST ENGINEER ASST ENGINEER

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A team of 2-3 engineers who from the project planning and control cell monitors the progress and cost of this project. A Resident planning Manager heads the cell and he is supported by two engineers for collection, processing and analyzing the data which are sent by site. The team is assisting project manager

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In preparation of the network and project control as discussed elsewhere in this assignment.

If required the crashing of activities will have to be resorted to depending upon the constraints encountered.It is generally understood here that the funds constraint and resources constraint will not be encountered during the project as the work is being undertaken by a mega city.

PROJECT WORK BREAKDOWN METHODOLOGY:

Project work breakdown is nothing but listing out the various activities to be carried out in a project and define the interrelationship between activities in a systematic logical manner. The schedule of work can be considered as the operation or task. It is also possible to split the single item of schedule of work into various operations. The WBS for this project is prepared after making a detailed study on drawings, contract details, organization structure etc.

Preparation of WBS – Classification of levels and codling:

In our case, let us consider the following levels in preparation of work breakdown structure for academic purpose. (In MS project software package, WBS is automatically generated and it will be shown in task information)

Level-1 Main structure:Level 1 of WBS structures consists of main units such as Gallery – G, Light –L, Camera platform –C, fencing – F, Pitch /ground work –P.

Level – 2 Project Executing department / discipline:Level 2 of WBS indicates the department / discipline under which the activities are executed namely Civil –C, Mechanical – M, Electrical –E.

Level – 3 Activities:Level 3 of WBS represents the activities like Excavation- EX, Backfilling- BF, Formwork – FW, Reinforcement – RF, Concreting – CC, Procurement – PM, Erection – EN, Cable laying – CL.

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Coding structure:

As explained above, we have considered 4 characters coding pattern and few activities are listed are as example. The coding of the activities of the network is very important to sort out the information as filed staff requirement.

GCFW…… Form work in Gallery area under supervision of civil department

LMEN……. Erection of light tower under supervision department

GECL…….Cable laying works in gallery area under electrical department

Assessing duration of activities:

Duration of the various activities is usually calculated based on productivity norms established in the earlier projects. Since the milestone dated and the end date of project completion are known to us, we can assess the tentative duration and interrelationship between various activities based on our earlier experience in similar type of projects. The most accurate duration of an activity can be worked out when the productivity under normal circumstances and deployed of required resources for the same is decided. The use of extensive plant and machinery, construction work methodology, availability of skilled labour, sequence of various activities are some of the important factors to be considered in assessing the duration of activities.

In this project, let us assume that the following norms are worked out for calculation the duration:

Excavation – 2 man days per cum and 100 cum per dayConcrete – 4 man days per cum and 40 cum per dayErection – 6 man days per MT of erection and 5 Mt per dayCable laying – 0.2 man days per Mtr and 100 Mtr per day

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Costing of activities:

The resources required for completing an activity are labour, materials and machinery and cost of an activity can be estimated by calculating the cost towards deployment of these resources. Direct labour cost is estimated by using productivity norms prevailing in the construction industry. Material cost is influenced by availability of materials in the vicinity and can be worked out by market survey and inviting quotation from perspective venders. The plant and machinery component of the unit cost can be worked out from the duration for which the equipment is required and hire charges per month (including operation charges) for the same. Estimated overhead like indirect labour, supervision, etc is also added to the above cost to arrive at the unit cost. If we add the profit margin on the unit cost, we get the unit sales price.

PREPARATION OF CPM NETWORK AND NETWORK ANALYSIS:

Construction involves use of scare resources such as materials, man, machinery and time to create a facility. Hence optimum use of these resources is possible only when proper planning and control is simple to construct and understand;

Enable us to establish interrelationship among activities; enable us easy and effective control; and gives overall status of the work at any time.

Element of network:

.Network is defined as pictorial representation of a give project in the form of arrow and circles. The important elements of a network are shown below.An arrow represents an activity or task of operation. Since an activity consumes resources, it represents utilization of resources. An arrow has directional sense, which is represented by arrowhead. Beginning of an arrow (tail) indicates starts

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Of an activity and its end (head) indicates completion of the activity. If there is an activity that does not require any resources then it is called as ‘dummy’ activity. Beginning or completion of an activity marks a phase or stage of work and it is represented by circle. This is known as ‘event’ and it does not consume any resources by itself.

Activity

Dummy activity

Event

Development of Network

Once the WBS and coding pattern is ready, project network is prepared in MS project by employing following procedures

Listing out the various activities on the basis of WBS Estimating expected duration of each activity Deciding upon interrelationships among activities and their lead or lag time Entering the date in the software and making forward / backward calculations Checking the project completion date to find out whether it is as per contractual requirement or

not. If not activity duration with negative floats are crashed by increasing resources deployment. Rechecking the logic of the network based on its technical and resource restraints for finalization

of the schedule.

MILESTONE AND PROJECT CONTROL:

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A typical construction program of month duration is developed in MS- Project on the above basis is shows as chart also show the milestone activities for corporate control. For efficient monitoring, quantum, of work completed in each activities like excavation, back filing, shuttering, reinforcement, concreting mechanical erection, cable laying etc. collected in every week on Saturday. The date are fed into the MS- project package and progress reports with respect to original schedule are generated. The may be some slippage in schedule due to monsoon, delay in organizing some resources etc if any deviation is found, it is discussed in the weekly meeting at site and monthly review meeting at the office of cricket board and suitable corrective measures has been taken by competent authorities,

Analysis procedure of a project network:

A project network is helpful in analyzing the following.

If we know the scope of work as well productivity of machines or labour or combination of machine and labor, we can estimate the best possible duration for completion of a project (i.e. critical activities form a continuous chain of activities through project network and it is known as critical path Critical path is the of longest duration and hence project duration.)

To estimate the resources required for completion of the project on time, in case of projects wherein the project completion duration is fixed.

Since each activity of a project is associated with time and cost, network is also useful in deciding the optimum cost- time off for a give time schedule.

To level the resources by studying critical and – critical activities. (i.e. Non critical activities have a latitude for their occurrence and this latitude is called float. This float is not to be used for prolonging an activity, as

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Unnecessary prolonging will lock up the resources and would increase the cost of the project. Hence float of an activity is useful in adjusting the scheduling of the activity in allocating resources to satisfy the needs or constraints)

CONCLUSION

The knowledge on project Management a technique i.e. networks (critical path method) is prime requirement for any personnel working as project engineer / manager in a construction industry. In the near future, the success rate of any construction organization depends on implementation of CPM in their project sites for better control over cost and time of a project. “experience has shown that the failure of many construction companies to accept CPM is partially due to the reactionary attitudes of filed personnel, which can be taken care of by imparting proper orientation and training to the filed personnel.The time of the completion of the project is very tight. It is imperative that the works are taken up on schedule and no slippage is allowed from the planned schedule.In case there is any slippage from the planned schedule, the network will have to be crashed along its critical path.The technical constraints are mainly availability of centering and shuttering materials for te RCC works.It is therefore concluded that the project can be taken up and completed timely as it financially viable.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

K.K Chitkara, “Constructions Project management- Planning, scheduling and controlling,” Tata Mc Graw Hill New Delhi, 1997NICMAR publication lesson books on Construction project Management techniques and Management information system.

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