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Assignment 14
Photography Research and Practice
Kaya Rahel
JoanneGledis
Person 1
Kaya
Person 2
Rahel
Person 3
Joanne
Person 4
Gledis
Lighting (overexposure/underexposure
/good exposure)
diffusing
Deep focus
Composition – leading lines
Lighting - Key – high/low
Shutter speed – what is it?
Shallow focus
Composition –rule of thirds/power-points
Lighting – fill (how to fill)
Shutter speed – fast & slow
Transferring photos to computer
Composition – changing angle/perspective
Lighting – reflecting
Shutter speed – motion blur (type 1 & 2)
Transferring photos to computer
Composition - framing
Who is doing each part of the Presentation…
Photography Basics – Lighting: Over Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Over exposure in lighting is basically allowing too much light on a photo consequently rinsing it of colours and detailed features in a photo.
This can happen from natural and flash light
Photography Basics – Lighting: Under Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Under exposure is taking a picture when your surroundings have no natural more flash light thus producing a dark photo which casts a shadow or darkness on the whole photo – again rinsing of colours and facial features
Photography Basics – Lighting: Good Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Good exposure is having the perfect balance of colour, light exposure and shadow to which a photo appears crisp and portrays features and aspects in the photo apparent to its real life form. Perfect balance of light and shadow
Photography Basics – Lighting: Diffusing/Diffusers
This is my diffuser – used to take pictures of small
objects, rather than outside or people as its an enclose cube-
like shape
Examples of different diffusers/ ways of diffusing
Holding a white paper over the flash
Putting bottle bottom over flash
Using white reflective umbrella's
Holding a white screen where the flash is
flashing
Photography Basics – Lighting: Diffusing/Diffusers
Explanation Example Image My Images
Diffusers are basically used to make images appear softer from the direct flash light on a camera.Diffusers basically reflect light thus enforcing lighter light onto the picture taken – also producing a more natural and appealing image.
DIFFUSED BEFORE
DIFFUSED BEFORE
Photography Basics – Deep Focus
Explanation Example Image My Images
Deep focus is a photographic and cinematic technique which uses a large depth of field allowing everything in a frame to be captured in detailed.
It appears sharp and clear
Poor focus of everything in
shot
Everything in shot is focused
Photography Basics – Leading Lines
Explanation Example Image My Images
Leading lines are intentional or unintentional, natural lines created in the photograph used to create a visual composition.
Leading lines are also used to draw your eye to a focal point in the shot that you would like to highlight.
Normal shot of road
Photo with leading lines
What is high key lighting?
• reduces the lighting ratio present in the scene• High key photos are very bright• Doesn’t have very strong contrasts
Lighting – High Key
Lighting – High KeyExamples
What is low key lighting?
• Creates dark looking photographs• Low-key lighting often uses only one key light,
optionally controlled with a fill light or a simple reflector
• Creates strong contrast• Low key lighting describes any scene with a high
lighting ratio,
Lighting – Low Key
Lighting – Low KeyExamples
Shutter speed – what is it?
• It’s the exposure time - the length of time a camera's shutter is open
• It is how quickly a shutter opens
What is shallow focus?
• When the main object or person is in focus and the background is blurry
• Incorporates a small depth of field
Shallow focus
Shallow focus
Examples
Rule of thirds• It is the theory that an image should be imagined as divided
into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines
• Also the idea that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections
• Purpose is to make photographs look more pleasant to view
Composition – rule of thirds/powerpoints
Powerpoints• Similar to rule of thirds• its the 4 axis points where the horizontal and
vertical lines join.• The theory is that objects positioned in the
powerpoints create the finest composition
Composition – rule of thirds/powerpoints
Composition – rule of thirds/powerpoints
Examples
Lighting - Fill
Fill lighting is used fill in any shady or dark areas by placing
Used to give a more clearer rounded photograph
Lighting – Fill (Found Images)
•Fill lighting used to highlight and show all features and details in the image giving even and enough light for all to be seen
• Only one direct light on the persons face• Making the rest of the image dark and features cannot be seen
With Fill Lighting Without Fill Lighting
Lighting – Fill (Found Images)
Without Fill Lighting With Fill Lighting
•Without the whole face is not visible
•With fill lighting features are visible and clear to see
Shutter Speed – Fast & Slow
Shutter speed determines the clarity and effect of an image taken...
Slow Shutter speed•The longer the shutter is open the more it will take in •Producing a blurry image and an object or thing is in motion
Mid-Shutter Speed•The shutter is open for a shorter period of time •Being able to capture movement a bit more clearer
Fast Shutter Speed•The shutter is open for less an a split second•Capturing a clear image of an moving object or thing
Shutter Speed – Fast & Slow (Found Image)
With slow shutter speed all you see is a blur as the shutter has taken in so much information
With fast shutter speed its more clear as the shutter has been open for a very short period of time taking less information
Transferring Photos To Computer
Their are many ways to Transfer images to your computer, some of which are...
iCloud SD Card Social Media
Using iCloud an online storage service you can send
the image electronically
An SD card holding all your photos can be taken and
inserted into an SD slot on your computer/laptop
If the image is taken from your phone there are different options to send to your computer
Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective
Changing angle is using different position and angles to give different views/perspective of an otherwise normal setting
This makes images more interesting and eye catching to the viewer
Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective (Found Images)
This image taken from the ground up give the building more height and more eye
catching
This angle give the image more life and looks exciting and a rush
Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective (My Image)
This image taken from above gives a more interesting view than what would have been if on the ground
What does reflecting light mean?
• Reflection is defined as the bouncing back of a ray of light into the same medium, when it strikes a surface.
• It occurs on almost all surfaces - some reflect a major fraction of the incident light.
• Others reflect only a part of it, while absorb the rest.
A found example
Without Reflector With Reflector
• There is a dark shadow on her neck caused by her chin.
• There is much more light on the neck now because its being reflected.
A found example
Without Reflector With Reflector
• The colour of her top is much darker due to lack of light.• With a reflector the top becomes lighter.
• Dark shadow on her face and body caused by object from above blocking light.
• The light reflecting is filling the dark areas of the previous photo.
How I used a home-made light reflector:
• I took a laminated piece of paper.
• I wrapped the paper in tinfoil.
• I then held the paper up next to the subject.
• The tinfoil reflected the light in the room onto the subject.
my example
Reflector : my example - Before
• As there was no reflector used a shadow was created where the light from above couldn’t reach.
Without Reflector
Reflector : my example - After
With Reflector• In order to reduce the
shadow on the side of the object I used a reflector to reflect the light on the side that was not hit directly by the light.
• Type 1:
If the subject of your photo is notmoving, or you want to show thepassage of time (with a running riveror waterfall), then you can use aslower shutter speed.
Shutter speed- motion blur definition
• Type 2:When the subject in the photo ismoving it then becomes blurredand the background staysthe same.
The artefact by which fast-moving objects appear blurred. Each frame in a conventional film is an average sample taken over about half the time it takes to record the frame. In consequence, fast-moving images
appear blurred.
A found example
• When the shutter speed increases you can almost see the pear in motion.
• The movement is made visible within a a still photograph.
• This is done through the blurring of the image.
A found example
Fast Shutter Speed:
• Each water droplet is made visible to the human eye.
Motion Blur - my example
Type 1:
• Because the person is in motion they have become so blurred out that they are hardly visible.
• The background is not as blurred because the camera is not moving along with the person.
Type 2:When the camera follows the moving
person the background becomes blurred and they are much more visible.
Motion Blur - my example
Slow Shutter Speed:
• With a slow shutter speed the camera is only able to capture a limited amount of movement thus reducing a blur in the image.
Motion Blur - my example
• When the shutter speed time is decreased to 0.5 seconds the image becomes blurry as the camera is picking up every movement.
Fast Shutter Speed:
Motion Blur - my example
Transferring Photos to computer
Examples:
Cables Bluetooth Email
Connecting a cable with your camera or device and your
computer.
Attaching a file from you ‘Photos’ folder when composing an email.
Once your Bluetooth is on you can click on the found
devices and send your images to the device.
• Framing is using objects in the picture to create a frame around the subject.
• Good framing can also be controlled by how the camera captures the subject. E.g. zooming out too much creates awkward spacing and therefore poor framing.
• This is a good way to make a photograph look interesting and draw attention to the subject.
Composition – Framing definition
A found example
Bad Framing • Far too much empty space makes the
picture appear awkward an not appealing to the eye.
• The head of this person has been cut off due to poor framing.
A found example
Good Framing
• The people are in the centre of the frame which stops anything being cut off e.g. their heads or
arms.
my example
Bad Framing
• Because the framing is so poor, the eye is unable to focus on anything in the scenery.
• This makes the photo unappealing to look at despite the setting.
• Empty and awkward spacing.
my example
Good Framing
• The flowers are placed exactly in the centre of the frame.
• Because they are in the centre the photo is more attractive and appealing as this makes it easier for the eye to focus on the object.
my example - Before
• Empty and awkward spacing.
• The edge of the picture is cut off.
• The poor framing doesn’t allow the eye to comfortably focus on the object.
my example - After
• The picture is now in the centre of the frame allowing you to focus on it.
• There is no awkward space to take away focus.
Person 1
Kaya
Person 2
Gledis
Person 3
Joanne
Person 4
Rahel
Opening & photo undo
Removing effect/revert
Changing exposure
Auto enhance
Crop
Rotate
Channing colour
Effects
Brushes (repair, red eye, saturate, desaturation)
Naming/tagging
Brushes (lighten, darken,
sharpen, soften)
Sharing
Who is doing each part of the Presentation…
Basic Photo Editing – Opening Photo
When you open iPhoto you can pick ways you want to open your photo. This is a ‘Photos’ example where all pictures come up at once
Here you tap (or click) on the photo you want and
then the screen moves to the basic editing choices
This is an example of ‘Albums’
Basic Photo Editing – Photo Undo & Remove Effect
PHOTO UNDOThis little arrow symbol undo’s any
mistakes or effects you want to take off your photo bringing it to its previous state – undoing one
effect at a time
REMOVING EFFECTWhen you put on an effect –
you simply tap the wheel icon and the red bar write ‘remove effect’
Doing this, the effect is removed putting the image back to its previous state
Basic Photo Editing – Changing Exposure
To change exposure you tap on this symbol
Then here it shows the key from brightness to darkness – hold either the right or left semi-circle icon to alter the exposure
Here you can also increase shadow
Basic Photo Editing – Changing Exposure
Having both semi-circle icons at each end of the line creates deep exposure on the picture
Having both semi-circle icons at the centre of the line creates over exposure on the picture
Basic Photo Editing – Auto Enhance
Auto enhance enriches colour on your picture to the way the computer thinks it should be – making the picture more appealing Tapping on the wand icon automatically does this
To this
Description / Purpose – Crop
1. To crop a photo you click on the crop icon
2. You then pinch the screen and push your fingers outwards to crop the image.
After
Before
Description / Purpose – Rotate
• In order to rotate an image you push his icon with your finger in the direction you wish to rotate it.
• To rotate the image means to turn it in a certain direction.
• Either left or right.
• This is done through the rotate tool.
Rotate – Before and after
My Examples:
Before
After
Description / Purpose – Colour Change
• To change the colour of the image you push your finger along the icon to how much you which to alter the colour.
Colour change – Before and after
My Examples:
Before After
• To achieve this colour I simply slid the ‘Saturation’ icon all the way to the end which intensified all the colours.
Description / Purpose – effects
• In order to change the effects of the photo you touch the icon with the stars and it gives you different options for different effects.
• When you click on the circular rainbow icon the different effects slide out in a row.
Description / Purpose – effects
Changing the effectsMy Examples:
Before
After
• To change the effects on my photo I clicked on one of the available effects options and it altered the image.
Changing the effectsMy Examples:
Before
After
• To change the effects on my photo I clicked on one of the available effects options and it altered the image.
Brushes
Brushes - Repair
The repair wand automatically fixes any defects in the photo from lighting to red eyes
Brushes - Repair
By using Repair it will automatically find the defects in the image and fix them such as, lighting, red eye. Eliminating the task of you doing it yourself
Brushes – Red Eye
The Red Eye brush allows you to fix red eye which come from the over exposure of light from the flash
Brushes – Red Eye
This is the original unedited image with faults and visible red eye due to the amount of like exposure
This is after the Red Eye brush has totally removed any sign of Red Eye
Brushes - Saturate
Brushes - Saturate
Saturate give the image an orange tinge enabling you to highlight and contour an image
This is the original image unedited
Brushes - Desaturation
Brushes - Desaturation
This is the original image unedited Desaturation allows you to blur any defects or areas that you would wish to hide, over using it gives a blurry effect
Naming/Tagging
This allows you to tag a photo with any name you with and this will place it into categories
Naming/Tagging
Tagging allows you to put the photo into categories and in more than one
After tagging you can see the different categories which makes the images easier to find and share
Brushes - Lighten
BEFORE AFTER
The lighten brush makes the picture look a lot more glowing and makes it more clearer to see
Brushes - Darken
After pressing this darkening brush, the picture is a lot dimmer
BEFORE AFTER
Brushes - Sharpen
BEFORE AFTER
The sharpen brush gives the picture a lot more definition as you can really see the texture of the chairs etc
Brushes - Soften
The soften brush made the picture a lot more soft
BEFORE AFTER
Sharing
When you have completed editing you can share your photo meaning that the photo will be shared on Twitter, Facebook etc
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