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8/11/2019 Assignmenet 1

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EDM 453 Instructional Design and Technology

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Needs Analysis

Need analysis is the process of identifying system requirements and goals of teaching

and learning. The need analysis can be a desire to improve current performance or to correct

a deficiency. Through need analysis, teachers can identify the strengths and weaknesses of

their students. The need analysis also helps the trainer or person requesting training to specify

the training need or performance deficiency.

Needs analysis is one of the major components of every instructional design model.

During needs analysis phase we must define the problem, identify the source of the problem

and determine possible solutions. Therefore needs analysis phase is the foundation for all

other phases of instructional design process. The outputs of this phase often include list of

tasks that must be instructed and instructional goals. Needs assessment is the formal process

of identifying discrepancies between current outcomes and desired outcomes for an

organization. Instructional design starts with needs assessment.

The needs analysis process is a series of activities conducted to identify problems or

other issues in the workplace and to determine whether training is an appropriate response. A

need analysis is usually the first step in order to make an effective change in an educationenvironment. This is because a need analysis defines the gaps between current and desired

situation.

Instructional design methodologies begin with the analysis of learners and learning

environment and proceed to clarify the desired objectives of the learning process. The phase

of design and development of learning materials necessitates careful accounting of student

needs and learning styles and thus requires flexibility of materials and diversity of

presentations in order to engage and stimulate each students interest.

Based on needs analysis, it will help teacher and designer:

To developing an effective lesson plan;

To providing access to instructional materials and resources;

To helping teachers become an effective teacher by providing information to a variety

of teaching strategies;


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To providing opportunities for communication and cooperation so that they can talk to

the tutor or instructor and develop mentor relationships.

With knowledge of the students needs, the teacher can determine students' outcomes

desired. Teachers can makes this goals and objectives as a guiding to choose appropriate

activities to incorporate in the website. Teachers also can categorize their learning objectives

according to their students cognitive domain, multiple intelligent and psychomotor skills.

School Background

Sungai Apin Primary School was grade B school .This school was located 25 km

from Simunjan bazaar. In year 2012, enrolments of this school were 105 students. All of

these students came from village nearby.

Most of students parents were low income earners. They worked as a farmer,

fisherman and laborer at oil palm plantation nearby. In addition, most of them do not have

high level education. Most of them only received their education in primary school or lower

secondary school.

In year 2012, this school was supplied with 15 training teachers. Out of the 15

teachers, five of them are graduate teachers while rests are non-graduate teachers. In addition

of teaching staff, this school also provided with non-teaching staff. This school also supplied

with two security guards and three private staff members.

In terms of physical facilities, this school received 24 hours public electricity and

clean water. This school also equipped with computer laboratory, school library and pre-

school class. A computer laboratory equipped with 20 student computers, a teacher computer,

printer and LCD projector and screen.

This school also equipped with a football field and multipurpose court. Both of these

facilities were used to achieve various sport and game activities. These facilities also used by

local communities, government departments and non-government organization to organized

their activities.


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Teaching and Learn ing Problem

Nowadays, most of the kids learn from books, additional notes, exercise books and based on

the teachers in the classroom such as write down on the whiteboard or blackboard. Kids or

students understanding ratio by reading is l0%, but by using multimedia interactive showed

an increase of 90%. There are a few weaknesses in the current traditional teaching practice.

Most of the teachers like using the text books or flash cards in their teaching and learning

process. These boring teaching materials would surely make students lose their interests in

learning. Currently, the learning materials are still in the traditional content of printed books

with passive prints and illustrations. It does not attract the learners' attention. The students

will find it hard to understand the topic using words and static pictures from the books and

they need high attention.

Pur pose of Need Analysis

The purpose of the needs analysis is to identify how to improve the computer aided teaching

and learning materials among Pre-School and Level One teacher.

Objectives

This project will be developed according to several objectives as a guideline to accomplish

the goal of the project. The objectives of this project are:

1. To Attr act Kids Enthusiasms in Learn ing Process

To attract kids enthusiasms in learning process using the multimedia elements such as text,

graphic, animation, audio and video. Furthermore, the courseware supports interactive

tutorials or activity to acquire learner's attention.

2. To Encourage Kids to Learn in Their Own Ways

The nature of multimedia courseware encourages a non-linear, interactive approach to

education that allows kids to use materials as they choose, rather than a rigid and linear

fashion dictated by the emphases of the teachers.


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Method of Coll ection I nformation

i. Interview

Interview conducted in an orderly manner to the students and subject teachers. The purpose

of this interview to get a feedback and accurate information about the problems inteaching

and learning process. The information obtained will be collected and recorded. The questions

that be submitted based on checklist that contains the following items;

a. Title of the content

b. Teaching and learning method

c. Teaching aids used

d. Evaluation process

e. Others support materials in teaching and learning process

ii. Questionnaire

Questionnaire also used to obtain an information. Questionnaire was distributed to teachers to

get information about their information and communication technology literacy. In addition,

survey was conducted to obtain information about teachers' views on the use of information

and communication technology in teaching and learning.

iii. Observation

Observation was also conducted to obtain information. Observations were carried out on the

process of teaching and learning in the classroom. The main focus of the monitoring is to

obtain information effect of using teaching aids on students learning. Information obtained

through the observation very useful for implemented the planned project.

Constrain ts in Carr ying Out Need Analysis and Intend to Overcome

i. Cost

During the needs assessment process, the performance deficiency usually continues.

Promote the gathering of information as an investment in the progress of the

organization. Do a feasibility analysis on the savings from conducting the survey or


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interviews versus not doing anything. Often commonly held assumptions can be

validated or changed when hard data is gathered. Use existing data regarding the

deficiency to avoid the cost of asking for what is already available.

ii. Confidential Information

Tell those who offer information during the assessment whether the information they

offer is confidential or anonymous. Either do not ask for the name of the person

completing a survey, or offer the option to provide a name. Generally, respondents are

more forthcoming if they can remain anonymous. Provide an anonymous means to

return the survey, perhaps in a sealed envelope, or use an electronic survey that is

completed at a secure website. Consider having the results tabulated by someoneoutside the organization. Be sure to clarify concerns about how interview or survey

information will be used.

Constraints dur ing the Actual I mplementation

i. Information and Communication Technology Facility

Information and Communication Technology facilities are not available in the

classroom. This equipment only provided in the computer lab. Limited infrastructure

facilities cause teachers difficult to use information and communication technology

in their teaching process.

ii. Teacher Perspective

Teachers are not prepared to use information and communication technology in their

teaching process. They still like using the old methods likes using text book solely as

their teaching sources. They also still like to using picture cards or word cards. They

prefer and comfortable using traditional method in their teaching. They felt

using computer will hinder the process of teaching and learning.


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References

Baharuddin Aris, Manimegalai Subramaniam & Rio Sumami Shariffudin (2001).Reka bentuk

Perisian Multimedia. Muapakat Jaya Pencetakan Sdn. Bhd.

Becker, H.J. (1991). How Computer Are Used In Uinited States Schools: Data from the 1989

Computer In Education Survey Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol. 7

(4), ms.385.

Fullan et. al. (1988), Strategies for Implementing Microcomputer in Schools: The Ontario

Case Ontario:Ministry of Education, Queens Printer.

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