Assign.adl 18

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ADL 18- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT A

Q1. What is the need to regularize biomedical wasters? Give examples from Hospitals you are

familiar with.

A1.Biomedical waste, also known as medical waste orinfectious waste, is generally defined as

anysolid waste that is generated in the diagnosis,treatment, research, production or testing of

biologicals for humans or animals. Examples of biomedical waste include:

soiled or blood-soaked bandages

culture dishes and other glassware

discarded surgical gloves after surgery

discarded surgical instruments scalpels

sharps and needles used to give shots or

draw blood

cultures, stocks, swabs used to inoculate

cultures

removed body organs tonsils, appendices,

limbs, etc. (except teeth)

lancets the little blades the doctor pricks

your finger with to get a drop of blood


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Five Vancouver area Health Boards announced recently that they would join together with a

private contractor to dispose of hospital biomedical waste in a new way. The Health Boards are

responsible for producing almost all the hospital biomedicalwaste in BC. At present this material

is shipped to Alberta or Washington. In 1998 thefive Health Regions considered dealing with the

waste locally, with a view to reducingthe risks associated with the transportation of this material

and the liability involved.Theresult is a plan to eliminate 85% of the hospital biomedical waste

locally.


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Biomedical waste is only a small part of hospital waste. The traditional method ofincineration

has been replaced with a sterilizing technology known as autoclaving inother parts of North

America. A new method called hydroclaving was developed inCanada using high pressure

steam to decontaminate biomedical waste. This is similarto the technology of autoclaving, except

that it uses steam and pressure to acceleratethe decomposition of organic matter. Hydroclaving,

although new to BC, has been usedsuccessfully in Ontario and other parts of the world for a few

years.

Q2. What are disposal strategies for various categories of Solid Wastes? What are the

principles of Sustainable Development? List 3 of them

A2. SISWM: Sustainable and Integrated Solid Waste Management

Supportive of Good Governance

SISWM is an integral part of good local governance and one of the most visible urban

services influencing local perception of governance

SISWM provides a minimum level of acceptable service to all urban residents and

establishments, with higher levels of service where there is either a greater need (e.g., in

terms of business development or tourism) or a greater desire to pay for a higher level.


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SISWM is conducted in a transparent and accountable manner to minimize opportunity for

corruption and unwarranted political interference.

SISWM provides workers with uniforms, clear-cut performance tasks and outputs, and

predictable routes and schedules so that the public can participate in performance monitoring.

SISWM is responsive to the service levels and conditions desired by the residents and

establishments receiving service.

SISWM is affordable within the context of available customer funds to meet the

necessaryrange of basic urban services and compatible with the service levels desired.

SISWM establishes management information systems that enable cost-effective accounting

of costs and overall cost-related performance monitoring.

SISWM is open to all viable parties, including women and micro-enterprises, that could

contribute to the economic provision of services.

SISWM recognizes that willingness to pay is affected by perception of service quality being

received and involvement of stakeholders in decision-making, and therefore places a highpriority

on keeping stakeholders informed and involved regarding issues and proposals.

SISWM looks for ways to enable communities to be responsible and for individuals

totakeaction in ways that build public cooperation with the service

Provides Economic Service Delivery

SISWM considers economies-of-scale in facility sizing and route designs, and seeks to

decentralize or bundle services as needed to optimize such economies.

SISWM recognizes that collection is the major cost element of the solid waste system

and requires comprehensive cost analysis for continuous rationalization of routing, crew

sizes and technologies, with appropriate planning and supervisory staffing and technical


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resourcesapplied to enable this outcome.

SISWM includes pre-collection systems, to the extent that they enhance willingness to

pay and obtain cooperation of the public with the service.

SISWM ensures that sufficient resources are devoted to preventative maintenance of

vehicles and facilities, and that skills, spare parts and consumables are available to assure

steadyandreliable provision of service.

SISWM recognizes that systems and equipment should be selected according to local

conditions, and not be transplanted from other situations without careful consideration

of local conditions.

SISWM builds local capacity to engineer and produce equipment and spare parts, to

the extent economically viable, so that the skills to maintain and replace such equipment

shall be readily available.

Establishes Cost Recovery Mechanisms for Long-Term Financial Sustainability

SISWM is sustainable through a range of revenue sources, including direct fees,

Indirect general taxes, and revenues from recycling and resource recovery.

SISWM tariffs establish fair distribution of costs according to ability to pay, the service

provided, and level of waste pollution generated.

SISWM lets all parties know the costs of the services and what level of service can

reasonably be expected for the costs incurred.

SISWM minimizes hidden costs and subsidies, making all costs as transparent as possible.

SISWM sets up cost recovery mechanisms and financial management systems that are

leak-proof and constrain the potential for undue political intervention.


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SISWM uses segregated accounts for solid waste revenues to ensure reliable cash flow

remains available to meet service needs.

Conserves Natural Resources

SISWM encourages indigenous manufacturing capacity for vehicles, machines, and

parts required by the service.

SISWM is conducted in an environmentally conscientious manner that conserves

Natural resources and recovers wastes where appropriate.

SISWM provides incentives for waste minimization, recycling, and resource recovery atthe

source, or as near to the source as possible.

SISWM involves comprehensive cost analysis of alternatives as essential to sound

Decisionmaking;for example, smaller collection systems using more labor and less fuel may

have costs that are comparable to larger collection systems using less labor and more fuel.

SISWM seeks disposal sites that minimize area required by optimizing the depth of fill

Embraces Public Participation.

SISWM planning and operations consider gender, children and cultural aspects of the

local population, and avoids inconveniencing or placing the work burden unduly on any

specific group.

SISWM planning and operations are participatory and enable continuous feedback

From those involved in receiving and providing service.

SISWM provides a forum for handling and tracking complaints and related responses.

SISWM provides incentives, education, and public sensitization to foster cooperation

with services provided and cost recovery mechanisms.


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SISWM sensitizes the public to environmental issues, occupational health and safety

issues, waste minimization opportunities, and the values of recycling and resource recovery.

SISWM enables the public to perform its role in monitoring service delivery, environmental

impacts, and costs.

Fosters Environmentally Appropriate Technologiesand Sites

SISWM conducts environmentally appropriate facility siting investigations and

ensures that facilities are designed to meet environmentally cost-effective discharge and impact

standards.

y SISWM recognizes that landfill is an anaerobic technology that generates methane,that methane is a significant greenhouse gas, and that efforts to recover or flare landfill

gases containing methane need to be addressed in landfill design.

SISWM recognizes that compost has benefits to the rural economy outside of the municipal

service area, for replenishment of soils, minimization of erosion, development of highnutrient

foods, and reduction of water irrigation needs; thus every effort to enhance the costeffective

production of high quality compost and the development of compost markets needs to be made.

SISWM involves environmental impact assessment and public involvement for all new

transfer, treatment, and disposal facilities.

y SISWM addresses traffic and queuing impacts of all new facilities and routing changes.y SISWM involves the phased closure of all open dumps unless they can be upgraded to

controlled landfills that pose no significant environmental threat.

y SISWM involves the curtailment of dumpsite waste picking, with interim steps toupgrade their status, earning power and working conditions.

y SISWM prevents children and domestic animals from having access to waste disposalsites and other waste handling facilities.

y SISWM employs systems to track and document hazardous wastes to ensure that


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significant quantities are not mixed with other wastes but are taken to secured facilities for

hazardous wastes treatment and disposal.

SISWM recognizes the need for reliable data to ensure effective planning and management.

SISWM recognizes that the state of literature on the health and safety consequences of waste

management is still developing and that cautious health and safety obligates cautiousmeasures,

such as providing a buffer zone between people and other living creatures and any

significant waste storage and handling facilities or disposal sites.

SISWM requires minimum occupational safety and health be met for all waste workers

and waste pickers, whether engaged by the public or private sector.

Seeks Appropriate Levelsof Source Segregation, Recyclingand Resource Recovery

SISWM requires separate transport, treatment and disposal of significant quantities ofmedical,

hazardous, or construction/demolition wastes from general municipal wastes SISWM optimizes

waste minimization and segregation of recyclable materials at thesourceof waste generation.

SISWM encourages the development of markets for recyclable materials in major centers of

waste generation, including the provision of incentives for increased industrial demand of

secondary materials as feedstock.

Conducts Strategic FacilityPlanningand Development

SISWM invites structured participation of key stakeholders in the strategic planning process.

SISWM requires long-term strategic planning so that the lands necessary for handling wastes

are set aside for the future.

SISWM requires acceptable resettlement, property compensation, and livelihood assistance

standards be applied to siting of any new facilities and closure of any existing facilities.

SISWM does not include incineration of general municipal wastes unless the year- round


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Calorific value supports self-sustainable combustion at temperatures adequate to protect air

quality.

SISWM recognizes that modern and environmentally safe landfill is a part of every longterm

disposal strategy, and that there will always be some wastes that cannot be otherwise

economically treated, recycled, or recovered.

Builds Institutional Capacity

SISWM has adequate local authority and autonomy provided to enable good

municipalgovernance over the solid waste sector and self-sustainable financing and cost recovery

SISWM allows local governments to enter into multi-year private sector

arrangementsthatmatch periods of depreciation for investments provided.

SISWM strengthens local capacity in planning, operations, rationalization of operations,

maintenance and repair of equipment, labor management, performance monitoring, tendering,

procurement, accounting, management information systems, and private sector involvement.

SISWM places key functions at the appropriate level within municipal government, so that

access to cash flow and decision-making powers are commensurate with the work required.

SISWM separates planning, operations, performance monitoring, and regulatory functions to

avoid conflicts of interest.

SISWM has a supportive and equitable foundation of clear regulations, licensing

arrangements, procurement procedures, and sanctions

Q3. What are the benefits of ISO 14000?A3. The benefits of ISO 14000 are as follows:

IncreasedProfits

Implementing ISO 14001 today can provide a basis for implementing the otherstandards in the

ISO 14000 series. This incremental approach can reduce overall coststo implement ISO 14000

because of lessons learned in each phase.


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The quantity of materials and energy required for manufacturing a product may bereduced,

thereby reducing the cost of the product, material handling costs, and wastedisposal costs.

Operations

The EMS standards can define "best practices" and create a foundation for the next

level of improvement.

An EMS integrated with all other business systems improves management's ability tounderstand

what is going on in their organization, determine the effect on the company,and provide

leadership.

The standards build consensus throughout the world that a common terminology

forenvironmental management systems is needed. A common terminology for all locationsof a

multinational organization will increase efficiency of communication and improveresults.

Marketing

A major study by ICF Kaiser International "shows that when public companies improvetheir

corporate environmental practices, they are able to increase shareholder wealth byup to 5

percent...The findings suggest that when environmental risks are reduced, thecompany becomes


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a more attractive investment to potential and current stockholders."Three factors contribute:

corporate environmental management, environmentalperformance, and environmental

communications.

Social

ISO 14000 helps create a common language and way of thinking about environmentalaspects

which can help companies, communities, governments, and organizationscommunicate and work

together.

Q4. What is EMS? Briefly explaining the 17 step process of getting ISO 14001 Certification.

A4. EMS or environmental management system is defined as a cycle of planning,implementing,

reviewing and improving the actions of an organization taken to address its environmental

obligations (which it can influence or control).

One of international standards developed by the ISO is the ISO 14000 group ofstandards. Of

which, ISO 14001, is intended for registration. It is comprehensive anduses a proactive approach

by identifying environmental aspects of an organizations activity and consequently the

significant environmental impact.

ISO 14001 focuses on steps to identify environmental aspects and significantenvironmental

impact as basis for continual improvement whilst ISO 9000 focuses onconsistency of process

with continual improvement.


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The general process in obtaining the ISO14001 certification is outlined below:

Q5. What is the role and importance of communication process between the regulatory

agencies and the users of environmental resources?

A5.

Companies must adopt various kinds of strategies to meet their goals. The Goals primarily

concern profitability and the interest of shareholders. Increase in business growth increases the

burden on environment and natural resources. Hence ecological considerations that support the

business ought to be integrated into business strategy.


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Many countries are offering subsidies for the companies or industrial sectors that shift to clean

technologies, recycling programs or for energy conservation/use of non-conventional energy

resources. Incentives for those who incur additional costs in their operations for the protection of

ecosystem.These incentives maybe in the form of financial compensation.

Companies must work towards:

Improvement of image and sales of products Manufacturers being more accountable to environmental impacts Consumers awareness that their choice of product do affect the environment as some products are less damaging to environment than others. Eco-Labelling is an important requirement. The products must meet the relevant

standards of BIS. Manufactures must produce documentary evidence in regard to

compliance of EPA, Water and Air Acts and other rules and regulations such as

Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and rules made

there under.

The product to display the list of critical ingredients in descending order of quantitypresent. The material used for packaging to be recyclable/reusable/biodegradable.

ASSIGNMENT B

Q1. What is role of Environmental Laws and agencies in Environmental control?

A1. Environmentallaw is a complex and interlocking body of treaties, conventions, statutes,

regulations, and common law that operates to regulate the interaction of humanity and the natural

environment, toward the purpose of reducing the impacts of human activity. The topic may be

divided into two major subjects: (1) pollution control and remediation,(2) resource conservation

and management. Laws dealing with pollution are often media-limited - i.e., pertain only to a

single environmental medium, such as air, water (whether surface water, groundwater or oceans),

soil, etc. - and control both emissions of pollutants into the medium, as well as liability for

exceeding permitted emissions and responsibility for cleanup. Laws regarding resource


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conservation and management generally focus on a single resource - e.g., natural resources such

as forests, mineral deposits or animal species, or more intangible resources such as especially

scenic areas or sites of high archeological value - and provide guidelines for and limitations on

the conservation, disturbance and use of those resources. These areas are not mutually exclusive

- for example, laws governing water pollution in lakes and rivers may also conserve the

recreational value of such water bodies. Furthermore, many laws that are not exclusively

"environmental" nonetheless include significant environmental components and integrate

environmental policy decisions. Municipal, state and national laws regarding development, land

use and infrastructure are examples.

Environmental law draws from and is influenced by principles of environmentalism, including

ecology, conservation, stewardship, responsibility and sustainability. Pollution control laws

generally are intended (often with varying degrees of emphasis) to protect and preserve both the

natural environment and human health. Resource conservation and management laws generally

balance (again, often with varying degrees of emphasis) the benefits of preservation and

economic exploitation of resources. From an economic perspective environmental laws may be

understood as concerned with the prevention of present and future externalities, and preservation

of common resources from individual exhaustion. The limitations and expenses that such laws

may impose on commerce, and the often unquantifiable (non-monetized) benefit of

environmental protection, have generated and continue to generate significant controversy.In the


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United States, responsibilities for the administration of environmental laws are divided between

numerous federal and state agencies with varying, overlapping and sometimes conflicting

missions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the most well-known federal

agency, with jurisdiction over many of the country's national air, water and waste and hazardous

substance programs.Other federal agencies, such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

National Park Service pursue primarily conservation missions,while still others, such as the

United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management, tend to focus more on

beneficial use of natural resources.

Federal agencies operate within the limits of federal jurisdiction. For example, EPA's jurisdiction

under the Clean Water Act is limited to "waters of the United States". Furthermore in many cases

federal laws allow for more stringent regulation by states, and of transfer of certain federallymandated responsibilities from federal to state control. U.S. state governments, therefore,

administering state law adopted under state police powers or federal law by delegation,

uniformly include environmental agencies. The extent to which state environmental laws are

based on or depart from federal law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

Thus, while a permit to fill non-federal wetlands might require a permit from a single state

agency, larger and more complex endeavors - for example, the construction of a coal-fired power

plant - might require approvals from numerous federal and state agencies.

The Environment Agency plays a vital role in authorizing how much water resource canbe made

available for supply and in the way it is managed and developed. The Agency'sfocus is on the

protection and improvement of the environment and as such it strives to ensure the best use of

the limited resource available. This requires not only thatexisting water resources are used

effectively and efficiently but also that future plans donot place an unnecessary burden on the

environment.

Q2. Write short notes on Vermiculture, Hydroclaving, Land Filling and Incineration.

A2. Vermiculture: Vermiculture can be the perfect answer for an indoor herb gardener.

Vermiculture is a way of composting using earthworms to speed up the process. It is easily done


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inside the home as it takes only a small amount of room and creates no odor. In fact, if you are

an indoor-only herb gardener, you will benefit from having just the right amount of compost to

add to your smaller sized garden area.Vermiculture is the management of worms.

It defines the thrilling potential for waste reduction, fertilizer production, as well as an

assortment of possible uses for the future. Vermiculture enhances the growth of plants that

provide food along with producing prosperous and financially rewarding fertilizer.

The earthworm is one of nature's pinnacle "soil scientists." Earthworms are liberated, cost

effective farm relief. The worms are accountable for a variety of elements including turning

common soil into superior quality. Worms facilitate the amount of air and water that travels into

soil. They break down organic matter and when they eat, they leave behind castings that are an

exceptionally valuable type of fertilizer.

Charles Darwin's primal struggle to survive and reproduce entailed the terminal disappearance

called extinction (extinction being the death of the species and so the death of deaths). Darwin

was haunted by irredeemable loss and studied the benefits of worms over one hundred years ago.


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Today, his foresight on the topic of Vermiculture (worms) has influenced the profit margin for

many farmers across the country.

Hydroclaving:

A new method called hydroclaving was developed in Canada using high pressuresteam to

decontaminate biomedical waste. This is similar to the technology ofautoclaving, except that it

uses steam and pressure to accelerate the decomposition oforganic matter.

Land Filling:

Land filling is one of the methods used to reduce and manage the waste as well as being the most

common method by which waste is disposed off.

After dumping the waste in landfill sites, several chemical hazard materials such as volatile

organic compounds, (VOCs), methane, heavy metals, dioxin, furan, hydrogensulphide and

natural occurrence radioactive material (NORM) are vented toenvironment as result of several

biological and chemical processes occurring in thelandfill site.

Incineration:

Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves thecombustion of organic

materials and/or substances.

Incineration and other high temperature wastetreatment systems are described as "thermal

treatment". Incineration of waste materialsconverts the waste intoash, flue gases,particulates,


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andheat, which can in turn beused to generateelectricity. The flue gases are cleaned for pollutants

before they aredispersed in theatmosphere.

Incineration with energy recovery is one of severalwaste-to-energy (WtE) technologiessuch

asgasification and anaerobic digestion. Incineration may also be implementedwithout energy and

materials recovery.

In some countries, incinerators built just a few decades ago often did not include a materials

separation to remove hazardous, bulkyor recyclable materials beforecombustion. These facilities

tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to inadequate levelsof gas cleaning and combustion process control.Most of these facilities did not generate

electricity. Incinerators reduce the volume of the original waste by 95-96 %, depending

uponcomposition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash forrecycling.

This means that while incineration does not completely replaceandfilling, itreduces the necessary

volume for disposal significantly.

Incineration has particularly strong benefits for the treatment of certain waste types inniche areas

such as clinical wastes and certain hazardous wastes where pathogens andtoxins can be

destroyed by high temperatures. Examples include chemical multi-product plants with diverse

toxic or very toxic wastewater streams, which cannot berouted to a conventional wastewater

treatment plant.

Waste combustion is particularly popular in countries such asJapan where land is ascarce

resource.Denmark andSweden have been leaders in using the energy generatedfrom incineration


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for more than a century, in localized combined heat and powerfacilities supporting district

heating schemes. In 2005, waste incineration produced4.8 % of the electricity consumption and

13.7 % of the total domestic heat consumptionin Denmark. A number of other European

Countries rely heavily on incineration forhandling municipal waste, in particularLuxemburg, The

Netherlands,Germany and France.

CASE STUDY

1. What are the activities that are critical to the companys environmental management

certification?

A1. Companies must adopt various kinds of strategies to meet their goals. The Goals

primarily concern profitability and the interest of shareholders. Increase in business

growth increases the burden on environment and natural resources. Hence ecological

considerations that support the business ought to be integrated into business strategy.

Many countries are offering subsidies for the companies or industrial sectors that shift

to clean technologies, recycling programs or for energy conservation/use of non-

conventional energy resources. Incentives for those who incur additional costs in their

operations for the protection of ecosystem.These incentives maybe in the form of

financial compensation.

Companies must work towards:

Improvement of image and sales of products

Manufacturers being more accountable to environmental impacts

Consumers awareness that their choice of product do affect the environment as

some products are less damaging to environment than others.

Q2. Listtheactivitiesthathave potentialenvironmentalimpactina paintindustry.

A2. In the paint industry the raw materials used deplete natural resources. The process of

paint manufacturing leads to release of toxic gases into the environment. And finally

the by-products and waste generated during manufacturing needs to be disposed off

without effecting the immediate surrounding environment.

Therefore it is important that the paint industry keeps these factors in mind and invests


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in systems and procedures to avoid effecting the environment.

Q3. List the legal requirements and discuss.

A3. Eco-Labelling is an important requirement. The products must meet the relevant

standards of BIS. Manufactures must produce documentary evidence in regard to

compliance of EPA, Water and Air Acts and other rules and regulations such as

Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and rules made

there under.

The product to display the list of critical ingredients in descending order of quantity

present. The material used for packaging to be recyclable/reusable/biodegradable.

Q4. Is there a trade related issue involved?

A4. Yes ,Trade related issues pertain to:

Source of raw material Production Process Energy use/conservation in the production Wastes arising from the process of production Utilization of wastes Disposal of wastes Suitability of recycling or packaging Biodegradability

Q5. Explain how your company can prepare itself towards certification.

A5.

The products must meet the relevant standards of BIS. Manufactures must produce documentary evidence in regard to compliance of

EPA, Water and Air Acts and other rules and regulations such as Prevention of

Food Adulteration Act and Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and rules made there

under.

The product to display the list of critical ingredients in descending order of


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quantity present.

The material used for packaging to be recyclable/reusable/biodegradable

ASSIGNMENT C

1. United Nation Conference on Human Environment on 16th June 1972 was adopted in:

a) Stockholm Conferenceb) Paris Conferencec) Rome Conferenced) Spain Conference

2. Organizations are shifting to NON-CFC based chillers as per:

a) Montreal protocolb) Delhi protocolc) MEFd) MOST

3. Auto claving is:

a) Water sterilizationb) Stem sterilizationc) Soil control methodd) Water pollution method

4. Hydroclaving is:

a) Expansion of autoclavingb) Expansion of vermiculturec) Expansion of onsite water treatmentd) None of these

5. ISO 14020 discusses:

a) EAb) ELc) EMS

d) EIA

6. Companies get certified against:

a) ISO 14001b) ISO 14004c) ISO 14020d) All of these


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7. Management review is discussed in clause:

a) 4.1b) 4.6c) 4.2d) 4.4

8. Emergency preparedness and response pertains to clause:

a) 4.3.7b) 4.4.2c) 4.2d) 4.0

9. Legal aspects of ISO talked in clause:

a) 4.2b) 4.4c) 4.3.2

d) 4.3

10. Communication is referred in:

a) 4.3b) 4.3.3c) 4.2d) 4.1

11. ISO 14010 discusses:

a) EMS

b) Auditingc) Labellingd) Auditors qualification

12. ISO 14060 refers to:

a) Terms and conditionsb) Glossaryc) Auditingd) EMS


a) EIAb) ELc) EMSd) Ethics


a) EIAb) EL


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c) EMSd) Ethics


a) ISO 9000

b) ISO 14001c) ISO 14002d) ISO 14030

16. SC3 refers to:

a) Labellingb) EIAc) EMSd) EPE

17. CFC is:

a) Ozone depleting substanceb) Ozone holec) Ozone effectd) Green house gas

18. Carbon dioxide is:

a) Green house gasb) Gobar gasc) Laughing gasd) Emission gas

19. HCFC is substitute to:

a) Co2b) CFCc) CFCKCLd) No2

20. SC5 refers to:

a) EMS/LCAb) EAc) EPEd) EL

21. What is the role of Kyoto Protocol:

a) CFC Controlb) OZONE Layer Controlc) Treaty with Africa on Environment Controld) LCA

22. Nutrient Cycling is an example of:


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a) Tangible resourceb) Non tangible resourcec) Aesthetic resourced) Renewable resource

23. EPA came in:

a) 1986b) 1987c) 1998d) None of the above

24. Sustainable Development means:

a) Equityb) Reliance on resourcesc) Avoid depletion of resourcesd) All of these

e) None of these

25. Following creates Ozone hole:

a) CFC 11b) CFC 12c) CFC 113d) All of thesee) None of these

26. Ozone layer Depletion is due to:

a) CFCCFC 113b) CFC 12c) HCFCLd) a, b & c only

27. SC3 Focuses environmental labeling:

a) Env labelingb) Env auditsc) Qmsd) ISO 14020

28. Document control clause of ISO is referred in:

a) 4.4.4b) 4.5c) 4.3d) None of these

29. Training, Awareness and Competence Clause of ISO is referred in:

a) 4.6


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b) 4.5c) 4.4d) None of the above

30. Quality Records are discussed in clause:

a) 4.5.3b) 4.5c) 4.9d) None of the above

31. Clause 4.5 of ISO refers to:

a) Auditingb) Planningc) Estimatingd) Controlling

32. 4.3.3 of ISO refers to:

a) Objective and Targetsb) Plans and Policiesc) Trade and Commerced) None of these

33. Environmental policy is discussed in clause:

a) 4.2b) 4.3c) 4.0d) 4.1


a) Environmental labelingb) Environmental engineeringc) Auditingd) QMS


a) Glossaryb) Terms and conditionsc) Labeling

d) Pollution

36. SC4 Focuses on:

a) EMSb) LCAc) MMSd) EA


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37. LCA has:

a) Four standardsb) Two standardsc) Three standardsd) No standards

38. Clause4.5 of ISO discusses:

a) Trainingb) Auditsc) Processd) ENS

39. Vermiculture means culture of worms:

a) Using worms for soil enrichmentb) Using venoms for sericulturec) Using worms for creating environment culture

d) All of these.

40. 3Rs of waste management are:

a) Reduceb) Recyclec) Reworkd) All of the thesee) None of these

Documents

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