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Asset Management: A Key Tool for Enhancing the Sustainability of our
Transportation Infrastructure
Gerardo W. FlintschProfessor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Director, Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Outline
1. Introduction Asset management Performance
management State of Good Repair
2. Decision Making Multiple criteria
decision-making Multi-objective
optimization
3. Examples Adding environmental
considerations to the pavement management process
Cross-asset management
More sustainable rehabilitation
4. Conclusions
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Ed Stein
1. Introduction
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Why do we need to “manage” our Highway Infrastructure?
o To preserve our infrastructure value Key component of the asset
managemento To develop “optimum” preservation
and renewal programs Better Use of Available Resources
o To provide a level of service that the user considers appropriate State of Good Repair
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Each category was evaluated on the basis of capacity, condition, funding, future need, operation and maintenance, public safety and resilience.
Transportation Performance Management
What Is Asset Management?Asset management is a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information…. (23 U.S.C. 101(a)(2), MAP-21 § 1103)
Performance Management Implementation Overview
NHS Plan• Inventory, condition, risk,
financial plan, investment strategies
• Leads to a program of projects
• Process certified every 4 years
Source: P. Stephanos, Pavement Evaluation 2014
, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.
DATABASE
INV
EN
TO
RY
CONDITION
USAGE
MAINTENANCESTRATEGIES
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
NETWORK-LEVEL ANALYSIS
PROJECT LEVEL
ANALYSIS (Design)
WORK PROGRAM EXECUTION
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
FEEDBACK
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
PRODUCTS
NETWORK-LEVEL REPORTS
Performance AssessmentNetwork NeedsFacility Life-cycle Cost Optimized M&R ProgramPerformance-based Budget
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS
NEEDS ANALYSIS
PRIORITIZATION / OPTIMIZATION
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
PROGRAMMING(PROJECT
SELECTION)
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Goals & PoliciesSystem PerformanceEconomic / Social &
Environmental
Budget Allocations
The Asset Management Business ProcessEconomic, Social
and Environmental Impacts
Transportation Performance Management
The MAP-21 Charge (23 USC 150(a) - Declaration of Policy)
Performance Management Implementation Overview
Performance ManagementWill:
• transform the Federal program• provide a means to the most efficient investment of
funds By:
• refocusing on national transportation goals,• increasing accountability & transparency, and• improving project decision making
Source: P. Stephanos, Pavement Evaluation 2014
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Condition of Principal Highways
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter7.cfm
Highway Fatality Rates: 1980-2009
Interstate Pavement Smoothness (IRI) by State
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Performance Measures as Communication Tools
Source: NCHRP 551
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
State of Good Repair
Working definition: A state that results from application
of transportation asset management concepts in which an agency maintains its physical assets according to a policy that minimizes asset life cycle costs while avoiding negative impacts to service
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
State of Good Repair
o Easy to assess in its absenceo Common themes:
Achieving / meeting a certain level of service (performance)
Performing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and renewal according to a considered agency policy
Reducing or eliminating a backlog of unmet capital needs
→ Asset Management
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
2. Decision Making
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Traditional Goals Used for Managing our Transportation Assets
o Minimize Costs (both agency and user)o Maximize Benefits (e.g., better pavement
performance, etc.)o But, what if we want to consider all the
performance measures?Environmental Impacts?Safety (social)?etc…
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
U.S. Map -21 National Goals
Focus the Federal-aid program on the following national goals:
1. Safety
2. Infrastructure condition
3. Congestion reduction
4. System reliability
5. Freight movement and economic vitality
6. Environmental sustainability
7. Reduced project delivery delaysSource: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/presentations/
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Triple Bottom Line
Economic Development• Meet financial and
economic needs of current and future generations
Environmental Stewardship• Clean environment
for current and future generations
• Use resources sparingly.
Social Equity• Improve the quality
of life for all people• Promote equity
between societies, groups, and generations
Sustainable
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Performance Measures Stipulated in MAP 21 (§150(c))
PROGRAM MEASURE CATEGORY
National Highway Performance Program
Pavement Condition on the Interstates
Pavement Condition on Non-Int. NHS Bridge Condition on NHSPerformance of Interstate System Performance of Non-Interstate NHS
Highway Safety Improvement Program
Serious Injuries per VMTFatalities per VMTNumber of Serious InjuriesNumber of Fatalities
CMAQ ProgramTraffic CongestionOn-road Mobile Source Emissions
Freight Policy Freight Movement on the Interstate
Source: T. Van, 11th Infrastruture Management Research and Education Workshop, Jan 2013
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)
o Multi-objective decision-making (MODM) Considering multiple, often conflicting
objectiveso Multi-attribute decision-making
(MADM) Based on classic decision
analysis/ utility theory
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Optimization
Decision-support toolSelects best combination of:
Sections/facilities (where) Treatment categories (what) Application time (when)
Uses operations research techniquesMust be based on a realistic
decision-making process.
Multi-Objective Optimizationo Sustainable transportation systems requires
decisions in a context of Economic development Ecological sustainability Social desirability
o All resource allocation involve some kind of tradeoff
o Multi-objective optimization finds a set of decision variables (Pareto set of solutions) Satisfies constraints “Balances” various objective functions
(performance criteria)
High-level Performance Indicators
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Cost
Ben
efit
sThe Incremental Benefit Cost (IBC) is a Form of
Multi-objective/ Multi-criteria Analysis
Efficiency Frontier
Strategy 1
Strategy 2 Strategy 3
Strategy 6
Strategy 4
Strategy 5
Do-nothing
IBC = D Benefits D Costs
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
3. Examples
Economic Development• Meet financial and
economic needs of current and future generations
Environmental Stewardship• Clean environment
for current and future generations
• Use resources sparingly.
Social Equity• Improve the quality
of life for all people• Promote equity
between societies, groups, and generations
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 1 - Adding a 3rd Objective: Minimizing the Life Cycle environmental Impact
o Objectives: Assess the environmental impacts
of road-related practices, strategies, and materials
Implement a procedure to include these eco-efficiency values into a more comprehensive decision support system
Evaluation of alternatives/strategies
Optimal StrategyPerformance
Environment
CostsMulti-
Attribute optimization
Giustozzi, Crispino, & Flintsch, “Multi-Attribute Life Cycle Assessment of Preventive Maintenance Treatments on Road Pavements for Achieving Environmental Sustainability,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2012.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Economic Development• Meet financial and
economic needs of current and future generations
Environmental Stewardship• Clean environment
for current and future generations
• Use resources sparingly.
Social Equity• Improve the quality
of life for all people• Promote equity
between societies, groups, and generations
Sustainability Triple Bottom Line
Environmental Impacts
Costs
Performance
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
PMS 3rd Objective: Life Cycle Assessment(simplified to consider GHG only)
1• Materials
2• Transportation
3• Construction, Maintenance
4• Equipment
5• Usage Phase
6• Recycling, Disposal, Landfill
CarbonFootprinting
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 1: Multi-Objective Evaluation of Alternatives
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 1 23,
9 4 5 6 78,
9 910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1…
19 20 21 2…23 24 25 26 2…
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3…38 39 40
kg of CO2eq/lane*km
TIME [years]
Life Cycle Assessment
En
viro
nm
ent
1/Performance
Costs
Example 2 - Cross-Asset Management
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Hypothesis (linking condition to performance)
System Performance
Consequences
Poor Condition
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 2: System-level PerformanceI-81 Corridor Analysis
o Rating of individual component asset performance
o Aggregation Corridor
level System
level
Verhoeven & Flintsch, “Generalized Framework for Developing a Corridor-Level Infrastructure Health Index,” Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012, TRR 2235.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Pilot Application on I-81
o Pavement data from PMS IRI, Rutting, Cracking
o Bridge data from NBI Element level inspections
Pavements:•Cracking•IRI•Rutting•FWD Data•Etc.
Structural
Functional
Environmental
Safety
Pavement Health Rating
Bridges:•Primary Members•Abutments•Bridge Deck•Etc.
Functional
Environmental
Bridge Health Rating
Structural
Safety
Corridor Health Rating
Performance Indicators
•PI_IRI•PI_Rut•PI_Cr
Performance Indicators•PI_Girder•PI_Abut•PI_Deck
Quality Measures
Performance Indicators
Health Indicators
Asset Health Ratings
MP 50-100
MP 250-300
Section PHR BHR Final CHR
MP 50-110 7.98 8.36 8.06
MP 250-300 7.91 8.69 8.07
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Pilot Application (Simplified Example)
Scenario selected
Treatment applied based on budget
Performance averaged over 5 year analysis period
50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
10%20%30%40%50%
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
Functional Indicator
Overall Indicator
Structural Indicator
Pavement Budget Share
Indi
cato
r
Bridge Budget Share
Optimal allocation
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Impact on Network Performance - Conceptual Framework
Road Conditions
Capacity Reduction
Failure or collapse
Traveler Detour
Network Efficiency Reduction
Travel Time
Travel Distance
Fuel Consumption
Roadway Network Performance & Vulnerability
Dehghanisanij, M., Flintsch, G.W., McNeil, S., “Roadway Networks as a Degrading System: Vulnerability and System-level Performance,” Transportation Letters: the International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, vol. 5 (3), pp 105-114
𝑉 𝐸𝑓𝑓 (𝑠 )=|𝐸 [𝐸𝑓𝑓 ] −𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝐸𝑓𝑓 |
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝐸𝑓𝑓
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 3 - More Sustainable Rehabilitation Techniques - I-81 In Situ Recycling
Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)
Cold In-place Recycling (CIR)
Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR)
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Source: http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/a/#p/roads/success-stories
LCCA Comparisons – Detailed Comparison
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
$2.
4386
$0.
3582
$0.
2332
$9.
1215
$2.
4651
$(0
.151
9)
$14
.464
8
$4.
5387
$0.
7261
$0.
6856
$10
.108
7
$2.
4651
$(0
.151
9)
$18
.372
3
$4.
7378
$0.
5221
$0.
4720
$18
.494
3
$3.
5270
$(0
.135
9)
$27
.617
3
Recycling-based Traditional Reconstruction Corrective Maintenance
Pavement life cycle phase
NP
V [
M$]
Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., and Ferreira, A. “A Comprehensive Life Cycle Costs Analysis of In-Place Recycling and Conventional Pavement Construction and Maintenance Practices,” under review.
LCA Results – Impact on Climate Change
Materials Construction and M&R
Transportation WZ Traffic Mangement
Usage EOL 1
10
100
1 000
10 000
100 000
1 000 000
2 1
00
15
2
20
6
3 5
93
11
2 92
6
3 7
88
26
0 72
1
3 9
42
11
2 92
6
3 3
47
21
6
46
9
7 3
35
156
859
Recycling-based Traditional Reconstruction Corrective Maintenance
To
nn
es
of
CO
2 -
eq
Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., Ferreira, A. and Diefenderfer, B. “A life cycle assessment of in-place recycling and conventional pavement construction and maintenance practices,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle Design and Performance , 2014
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
4. Conclusions
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Conclusions
o Asset management is a key business process for highway agencies Helps develop preservation and renewal
programs and budgets consistent with user expectations (performance)
Allows aligning investment with performance goals/ objectives
→ Sound asset management practices are needed to provide sustainable highway infrastructure systems
Asset Management: A Key Tool for Enhancing the Sustainability of our
Transportation Infrastructure
Questions?