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International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Assessment & Site Selection
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Who are these people?Why have they come?What are they giving us?
Where is your water source and
do you have anyone that can assist to build
latrines?
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Assessment
Identifies the needs of the affected population Identifies who else is operating in the affected area Forms the basis of the plan of action Identifies where to set up the water treatment plant and position the latrines
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Data collection in emergency
The process of data collection can be broken down into three stages:
Stage 1: Rapid assessment
Stage 2: Baseline data
Stage 3: Further analysis
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
How Do We Do Assessments?
Big Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Information collection in emergency
1. Structured observation
2. Mapping
3. InterviewsBig Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak
Rapid assessment (1 week)
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Observation
Look around and talk to people. Qualitative and Quantitative dataWalking through the area with local people facilitates discussion as the atmosphere is informal.Observation is useful for cross-checking.Excellent way to come upon unexpected information.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Mapping
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Interviews
Group interview
Individual interview (key informant)
Household interviews
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Interview Technique
Introduce yourself
Assure confidentiality
Wait for response – then probe using neutral probes e.g. anything else?
Do not suggest answer – verbal or non verbal
Do not react to answers
Maintain conversational tone
Know local words
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
A few common mistakes…
“Do you wash your hands?”
“How many people live in this house?”
“Where do you dispose of your faeces?”
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Practical Exercise 1 - Assessment
An outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea (suspected cholera) and dengue fever was confirmed in Nepal.
You are part of an assessment team that is about to do a field visit to the affected area. Split into 4 groups and write a list of 10 things you want to know and what method you would use to collect the data and key informants.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 13
2. Availability of Resources
Selecting a Water SourceSelecting a Water Source
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 14
QuantityQuantityQualityQualityAccessAccessDistributionDistributionSafetySafetyCamp SiteCamp SiteLocal Communities / Local GovernmentLocal Communities / Local Government
ONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGEONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGE
Requirements for selecting a water sourceRequirements for selecting a water source
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 15
SURFACE WATERSURFACE WATERLakesLakesRiversRivers
GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERWellsWellsBoreholesBoreholesSpringsSprings
RAIN WATERRAIN WATER
Availability of ResourcesAvailability of Resources
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 16
Type of emergencyType of emergency
Needs of affected Needs of affected populationpopulation
SPHERE WATSAN SPHERE WATSAN indicatorsindicators
Technical CriteriaTechnical Criteria
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
17
WHAT? WHAT?
– Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)
– Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)
– Aerial photographsAerial photographs WHO?WHO?
• IFRCIFRC
• ICRCICRC
• National SocietyNational Society
• GovernmentGovernment
• NGOsNGOs
• Local PopulationLocal Population
• InternetInternet
Water Supply Selection Steps
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
18
Individual basic equipmentIndividual basic equipmentMaps, compass, GPS Maps, compass, GPS
Water analysisWater analysisConductivity meter Conductivity meter pH meter pH meter Turbidíty meter Turbidíty meter NitratesNitratesNitrites Nitrites Delagua kit Delagua kit HardnessHardness
Field surveyField surveyField surveyField survey
Searching for a water source & a site campSearching for a water source & a site camp
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
19
Water analysisWater analysis
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
20
Complete Complete
assessment formsassessment forms
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
21
Water source Nº:_______ Date:__________________
Type of source (River, stream, canal, well, borehole, etc)
Current uses of the water source
Current uses of water upstream or above the source
Current quantity of flow
Colour and odder of water
Is the water source seasonal? Specify the periods when flow is higher
and lower
Average waking distance to households
Are the surroundings used for defecation?
Type of surrounding vegetation
Type of surrounding fauna
FIELD LOG BOOKFIELD LOG BOOK
Physical characteristics of water sourcesPhysical characteristics of water sources
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 22
Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsNGOs
Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsNGOs
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
23
Selection of the water sourceSelection of the water source
The Water Source location is based on:
Reports
Maps
Field Surveys
Field log books
Interviews with NGOs/beneficiaries/government