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Assessment of Wood Stork ForagingAssessment of Wood Stork ForagingOpportunity for Southwest FloridaOpportunity for Southwest FloridaOpportunity for Southwest FloridaOpportunity for Southwest Florida
GEER 2010 July 13 Jason Lauritsen – Asst. Director Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary
STUDY OBJECTIVE:STUDY OBJECTIVE:
To improve our understanding of To improve our understanding of wood stork foraging in order to wood stork foraging in order to guide recovery efforts.guide recovery efforts.guide recovery efforts.guide recovery efforts.
What factors limit their recovery inWhat factors limit their recovery inWhat factors limit their recovery in What factors limit their recovery in SWFL? SWFL?
What does this mean for restoration What does this mean for restoration efforts?efforts?efforts?efforts?
OutlineOutline• Background –Background
• storks in SWFL• Land use changes• Land use changes
• Study Overview• Key findings• Relevance to ecosystem restorationy
Wood Stork Nesting at Corkscrewg
16000
18000
10000
12000
14000
mbe
rs
4000
6000
8000
Nes
t Num
0
2000
4000
58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08
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Year
No. of Nesting Pairs No. of Birds Fledged
Historically initiation began in November or December. Historically initiation began in November or December. y gy gSince 1978 initiation is typically delayed until January Since 1978 initiation is typically delayed until January or Februaryor February
A key element of recovery is getting woodA key element of recovery is getting woodA key element of recovery is getting wood A key element of recovery is getting wood storks to nest earlier in the nesting seasonstorks to nest earlier in the nesting season
Nesting Season ComparisonNesting Season Comparison
20062006--0707 20082008--090920062006 0707BB--staff gage Sept 30, staff gage Sept 30, 39.12” (50yr ave. 37.4”)39.12” (50yr ave. 37.4”)
20082008 0909BB--staff gage Sept. 30, staff gage Sept. 30, 43.9243.92
No CSS nesting Nest initiation Dec 12th
1120 nests2570 fledgedEarly nesters 2.7ck/nest2.7ck/nestLate Nesters 2.1ck/nest2.1ck/nest
Wetland Losses within the CFA
Wetland Losses within the CFACFA
From pre-development to 2004CFA
From pre-development to 2004T t l 44%• Total -44%
• Short hydroperiod -62% (73-52%)*
•• Wet prairie (6430)Wet prairie (6430) --82.2%**82.2%**• Long hydroperiod -19% (34-7%)*Long hydroperiod 19% (34 7%)
• Tidal -10%
*not all wetland data from the 2004 Land Cover map had hydroperiod datahydroperiod data.
** PDVM 73.32sq.mi. down to 13.05sq.mi. 2004 LULC)
Study OverviewStudy OverviewStudy OverviewStudy Overview
• Funding awarded through the CriticalFunding awarded through the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CESI), via the National Park Servicethe National Park Service
• Identify & evaluate wood stork foraging habitat near CSSforaging habitat near CSS.
• Document the chronology of wetland il bili f i b d kavailability to foraging by wood storks
throughout the nesting season & its i fl iinfluence on nesting success.
Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)
• Data collected over 2 nesting seasonsData collected over 2 nesting seasons•• 20062006--07 (did not nest),07 (did not nest), 20082008--09 09
(successful nesting)(successful nesting)( g)( g)
•• Foraging location dataForaging location data
•• Prey sampling (covered in Dr. Liston’sPrey sampling (covered in Dr. Liston’sPrey sampling (covered in Dr. Liston s Prey sampling (covered in Dr. Liston s talk)talk)
• Foraging events & habitat Mapped using ArcGIS 9.2g g pp g
• SFWMD 2004 Land Use Land Cover & USGS National Hydrography Dataset layers were used.
Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)Study Overview (cont.)
• Data collection (Observation & SatData collection (Observation & Sat Tags)•• Location & use statisticsLocation & use statistics GPS aerialGPS aerial•• Location & use statistics Location & use statistics –– GPS aerial GPS aerial
photographyphotography• Fixed wing aircraft, w/ 70-300mm digitalFixed wing aircraft, w/ 70 300mm digital
camera w/ lens stabilizer
• Speculative flights & follow flights
•• Supplemented with ground observationsSupplemented with ground observations
•• Deployment of satellite transmitters on Deployment of satellite transmitters on nesting adult storksnesting adult storks
STUDY AREASTUDY AREA2759 Habitat use pts, GPS tags2759 Habitat use pts, GPS tags730 Foraging pts, direct observation730 Foraging pts, direct observationg g pg g p7297 Wood storks foraging7297 Wood storks foraging
CORE FORAGING AREACORE FORAGING AREA1540 Habitat use pts, GPS1540 Habitat use pts, GPS559 Foraging pts, direct observation559 Foraging pts, direct observationg g pg g p1865 Wood storks foraging1865 Wood storks foraging
Key FindingsKey Findings
• Ditches were selected for foraging throughout the nesting season in both the nesting and nonnesting season, in both the nesting and non-nesting year.
W i i l d f l i h i• Wet prairies were selected for early in the nesting season in both nesting and non-nesting years.
• Freshwater marshes were avoided during the early part of the nesting year, but selected late in both years.years.
• Closed canopy forests are used by foraging wood storks Intensity of use is difficult to assessstorks. Intensity of use is difficult to assess.
2008-09 Sat Tagged WOST habitat use distribution
Short hydroperiod wetlands5%
Agricultural 16%
other8%
Short hydroperiod wetlands
Long hydroperiod wetlands
Reservoir1%
16% Short hydroperiod wetlandsLong hydroperiod wetlandsHydroperiods undefined by FLUCCSTidalCanal Ditch
Long hydroperiod wetlands46%
Hydroperiods undefined by
Tidal7%
Canal Ditch2%
ReservoirAgricultural other
Hydroperiods undefined by FLUCCS
15%
Study YearData Type
Non Nesting Year Visual X2=490 9 Select:
Selection -Avoidance of Primary Habitat Types in the CFA
Value of photo Non‐Nesting Year(2006‐07)
Visual Observation
X2=490.9df=7N=318P<0.001
Select:Water, Wetlands
Avoid:Agriculture, Urban Built‐up, Upland Non‐forested, Upland
pcorrections of foraging points
p , pForests
Nesting Year(2008‐09)
Visual Observation
X2=387.4df=7N 240
Select:Water, Wetlands
N=240P<0.001
Avoid:Urban Built‐up, Agriculture, , Upland Non‐forested
Satellite Transmitter Observation
X2=1312.1df=7N=1540P<0.001
Select:
Wetlands, Water
Avoid:Urban Built‐up, Agriculture, Upland Non‐forested, , Transportation, Communications and Utilities
RAW FLUCCS without photo interp SA_obs CFA_obs SA_SAT CFA_SAT
no. of forage locations (non-wetland or water) 187 153 454 192
no. of storks foraging (non-wetland or water) 2162 1865
Total forage locations 730 559 2759 1540g
Total storks observed foraging 7297 5836
proportion of mis-categorized locations 25.62% 27.37% 16.46% 12.47%
proportion of mis-categorized storks 29.63% 31.96%
No. of Foraging Events Early 2006 (no nesting)
38
Row Crops 2140
Ditches 5120_X
Reservoirs 5300
No. of Foraging Storks Early 2006 (no nesting)
9937
Row Crops 2140
Ditches 5120_X
Reservoirs 5300
Row Crops 2140
Channelized Waterways, Canals 5120
3
29
8
8Mixed Wetland Hardw oods 6170
Mixed Shrubs 6172
Cypress 6210
C D H d 6215
99
142
6037
Mixed Wetland Hardw oods 6170
Mixed Shrubs 6172
Wet Melaleuca 6191
Ditches 5120_X
Lakes 5200
Reservoirs 5300
18
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine 6250
Freshw ater Marshes / GraminoidPrairie Marsh 6410
356
917
34
13
8
10 Cypress 6210
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Cypress Mixed Hardw oods 6216
Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240
Mangrove Swamp 6120
Mixed Wetland Hardwoods 6170
Mixed Shrubs 61729234
1
1Prairie Marsh 6410
Wet Prairies 6430
OTHER HABITATS
10946
17 Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240
Freshw ater Marshes / GraminoidPrairie Marsh 6410
W t P i i 6430No. of Foraging Events Early 2008 (nesting) Row Crops 2140
Ditches 5120 X
No. of Foraging Storks Early 2008 (nesting)Ditches 5120 X
Mixed Shrubs 6172
Wet Melaleuca 6191
Cypress 6210
134
Ditches 5120_X
Reservoirs 5300
Mixed Shrubs 6172
Cypress 6210 35033
37
42
6937
Ditches 5120_X
Reservoirs 5300
Mixed Shrubs 6172
Cypress 6210
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Cypress Mixed Hardwoods 6216
Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240
58
1
4
11
yp
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine6250Freshwater Marshes /
2
33 yp
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine6250Wetland Forested Mixed 6300
Freshwater Marshes /
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine 6250
Wetland Forested Mixed 6300
Freshwater Marshes / Graminoid
74
1 Graminoid Prairie Marsh 6410Wet Prairies 6430
OTHER HABITATS
71312Graminoid Prairie Marsh 6410Wet Prairies 6430
OTHER HABITATS
Freshwater Marshes / Graminoid Prairie Marsh 6410
Wet Prairies 6430
OTHER HABITATS
No. of Foraging Events Late 2007 (no nesting)
86
No. of Foraging Storks Late 2007 (no nesting)
10117
Row Crops 2140
Channelized Waterways, Canals 5120
Di h 120 X8
7767
6
548650
Ditches 5120_X
Lakes 5200
Reservoirs 5300
1634
1
147
1891111411
17759
7
7
Mangrove Swamp 6120
Mixed Wetland Hardwoods 6170
Mixed Shrubs 61721116
34
4
1
No. of Foraging Events Late 2009 (nesting) No. of Foraging Storks Late 2009 (nesting)Ditches 5120_X
111141159 Mixed Shrubs 6172
Wet Melaleuca 6191
Cypress 6210
42
47
5
554372
67 Reservoirs 5300
Mixed Wetland Hardwoods6170Mixed Shrubs 6172
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Cypress Mixed Hardwoods 6216
Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240
7
47
105
43
Cypress 6210
Cypress Domes Heads 6215
Cypress Mixed Hardwoods6216
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine 6250
Wetland Forested Mixed 6300
Freshwater Marshes / Graminoid 8
514
54 1137841
142
6 6Freshwater Marshes /Graminoid Prairie Marsh 6410OTHER HABITATS
Prairie Marsh 6410
Wet Prairies 6430
OTHER HABITATS
Results of foraging habitat analysis - CFA Non-nesting 06-07 Nesting 08-09
No. of foraging events No. of foraging storks No. of foraging events No. of foraging storks
LCCODE Early Late Early Late Early Late Early LateRow Crops 2140 N N N N N
Channelized Waterways, Canals 5120 N S
Ditches 5120_X S S S S S S S S
Lakes 5200 S
Reservoirs 5300 N N S S N N S SReservoirs 5300 Mangrove Swamp 6120 N A
Mixed Wetland Hardwoods 6170 N N A N N N
Mixed Shrubs 6172 N N A A N N S A
Wet Melaleuca 6191 N
Cypress 6210 N N A A N N A ACypress 6210 N N A A N N A A
Cypress Domes Heads 6215 N N N N N N S
Cypress Mixed Hardwoods 6216 N N N N
Cypress Pine Cabbage Palm 6240 N N N
Wet Pinelands Hydric Pine 6250 N A A N A A
W tl d F t d Mi d 6300 N N SWetland Forested Mixed 6300 N N S
Freshwater Marshes / Graminoid Prairie Marsh 6410 N S N S N S A S
Wet Prairies 6430 N N S S S
OTHER HABITATS N N A A N N A A
X2 93.97 244.92 1022.034526 2719.38 261.43 146.25 1686.76 1692.42
P 8.73E-16 3.23E-44 3.48E-212 0.00E+00 6.50E-52 5.26E-27 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
df 10.00 14.00 11 11.00 8.00 9.00 7.00 7.00
N 86.00 233.00 1430 1938.00 103.00 137.00 953.00 1515.00
S = selection, A = avoidance, N = neutral. N = very close to S, N = very close to A. S = strongly selected, A= strongly avoided. (blank) = these categories were grouped in the "OTHER HABITATS" category, along with: Marshy Lake 5250, wetland coniferous forests 6200, and saltwater marshes/halophytic herbaceous prairie 6420
Foraging in shallow ditchesForaging in shallow ditchesphotos taken on 11photos taken on 11--1919--0808
69 wood storks documented foraging in these ditches, in 1 event
Foraging in AgForaging in Ag
WOST foraging Assessment 2006-07
Use of forested wetlandsUse of forested wetlandsUse of forested wetlandsUse of forested wetlands• Corkscrew CFA – • SWFL Study Area –
direct observation2006-07
SWFL Study Area satellite tagged storks
2008-09•• 51% forested51% forested•• 49% non49% non--forestedforested
221 t
008 09Stork positions in wetlands•• 41% in forested41% in forested221 events
2008-09•• 50% forested50% forested
41% in forested41% in forested•• 59% in non59% in non--forestedforested
50% forested50% forested•• 50% non50% non--forestedforested
153 events
3030 positions
Forested habitat useForested habitat use
Relevance to Ecosystem Relevance to Ecosystem RestorationRestoration
Short hydroperiod wet prairiesShort hydroperiod wet prairies••Short hydroperiod wet prairies Short hydroperiod wet prairies provided significant foraging value provided significant foraging value in the 2008in the 2008 09 nesting season09 nesting seasonin the 2008in the 2008--09 nesting season. 09 nesting season.
••They play an important role in They play an important role in early nest initiation in SWFL . early nest initiation in SWFL .
These should be conservation &These should be conservation &••These should be conservation & These should be conservation & restoration priorities.restoration priorities.
Relevance to Ecosystem Relevance to Ecosystem R iR iRestorationRestoration
•• Though they are a cause of wetlandThough they are a cause of wetlandThough they are a cause of wetland Though they are a cause of wetland loss, shallow, short hydroperiod loss, shallow, short hydroperiod ditches are highly utilized & provideditches are highly utilized & provideditches are highly utilized & provide ditches are highly utilized & provide storks significant foraging value.storks significant foraging value.
•• Greater attention should be paid toGreater attention should be paid to•• Greater attention should be paid to Greater attention should be paid to tracking losses of shallow ditches via tracking losses of shallow ditches via developmentdevelopmentdevelopment. development.
•• Impacts to shallow ditches should be Impacts to shallow ditches should be i i d i i i h bii i d i i i h bimitigated in wet prairie habitat types.mitigated in wet prairie habitat types.
Special Thanks to:Special Thanks to:
CESICESISonny Bass (NPS)Sonny Bass (NPS)CESICESISonny Bass (NPS)Sonny Bass (NPS)Sonny Bass (NPS)Sonny Bass (NPS)Ed Carlson (Audubon)Ed Carlson (Audubon)Shawn Liston (Audubon)Shawn Liston (Audubon)
Sonny Bass (NPS)Sonny Bass (NPS)Ed Carlson (Audubon)Ed Carlson (Audubon)Shawn Liston (Audubon)Shawn Liston (Audubon)Shawn Liston (Audubon) Shawn Liston (Audubon) Mike Knight (Audubon)Mike Knight (Audubon)Mike Bush (Audubon)Mike Bush (Audubon)
Shawn Liston (Audubon) Shawn Liston (Audubon) Mike Knight (Audubon)Mike Knight (Audubon)Mike Bush (Audubon)Mike Bush (Audubon)( )( )Shawn Shawn HomokyHomoky (Beaver Aviation)(Beaver Aviation)Larry Bryan (SREL)Larry Bryan (SREL)
( )( )Shawn Shawn HomokyHomoky (Beaver Aviation)(Beaver Aviation)Larry Bryan (SREL)Larry Bryan (SREL)David David CeilleyCeilley (FGCU)(FGCU)Rena Rena BorkhatariaBorkhataria (SFWMD) (SFWMD) A M iA M i L iL i (USFWS)(USFWS)
David David CeilleyCeilley (FGCU)(FGCU)Rena Rena BorkhatariaBorkhataria (SFWMD) (SFWMD) A M iA M i L iL i (USFWS)(USFWS)Ann Marie Ann Marie LauritsenLauritsen (USFWS)(USFWS)Mike Mike DueverDuever (SFWMD)(SFWMD)Ann Marie Ann Marie LauritsenLauritsen (USFWS)(USFWS)Mike Mike DueverDuever (SFWMD)(SFWMD)