Assessment of separate collection in 28 capitals of the EU
Separate Waste Collection in the Context of a Circular Economy in Europe, 29/01/2016 Nicole Seyring (BiPRO) Dr Mrton Herczeg (CRI) Background on EU law on separate collection EU statistics
Content Background on EU law on separate collection EU statistics EU project on separate collection Waste collection on EU-28 Member State level Results from EU-28 capitals cities Conclusions key recommendations Background on EU law on separate collection EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 11 (1): Separate collection of four waste types by 2015 separate collection shall be set up for at least the following: paper, metal, plastic and glass Article 22 WFD: Separate collection of bio-waste MS shall take measures, () to encourage: the separate collection of bio-waste with a view to the composting and digestion of bio-waste EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 3 (11) WFD: Definition separate collection: "separate collection means the collection where a waste stream is kept separately by type and nature so as to facilitate a specific treatment EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 10 (2): Separate collection and recovery () to facilitate/improve recovery, waste shall be collected separately (*) and shall not be mixed with other waste or other material with different properties. Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling () promote high quality recycling and, to this end, shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors. (and to attain the targets) *if technically, environmentally and economically practicable EU Law: Circular economy package
Article 11 PLUS MS shall take measures, as appropriate, to promote preparing for re-use activities, notably by encouraging the establishment of and support for re-use and repair networks and by facilitating the access of such networks to waste collection points, and by promoting the use of economic instruments, procurement criteria, quantitative objectives or other measures Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling () shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors and to attain the targets * EU statistics Recycling rate in EU-28 Recycling rate = % of municipal waste generated which is recycled or composted [EEA 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT Landfilling in EU-28 Landfill rate = % of municipal waste generated which is landfilled [EUROSTAT 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT Annual % increase needed in EU-28 to achieve 50% recycling in 2020
[EEA 2013] Managing municipal solid waste, p. 27, data source: EUROSTAT and ETC/SCP EU project on separate collection Content of project Legal framework in EU-28 Collection schemes and strategies in EU-28 Separate collection schemes in EU-28 capital cities Headline scoreboard for major indicators Good practice examples (5 cities) Separate door-to-door Co-minling door-to-door
Content of project Priority waste streams mentioned in Article 10(2) and Article 11(1) paper, metal, plastic, glass+bio-waste All collection systems that collect one/more of the five streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source Separate door-to-door Co-minling door-to-door Bring points Civic amenity sites http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm Results Final report
28 national factsheets (national legislation and main strategies, priority collection schemes) 28 capital factsheets (generation and collection data, collection scheme in capital, material, quantities and costs, material flows) Waste collection on EU-28 MS level EU-28 MS where separate door-to-door is the primary collection EU-28 MS relying mainly on bring systems Results from EU-28 capitals cities Data issues and comparability definition of the waste collected
General remarks Data issues and comparability definition of the waste collected responsibility for municipal/household waste city waste composition date for estimating capture rates recent changes in the system (i.e. partial temporal coverage) Lack of information how waste is treated in the end reject rates, treatment routes, exports, etc Poor information on financial/economic data For complete notes on data, always refer to Table 6-1 on page when interpreting the figures! Example: Material flows in Berlin
Glass Generated ( t) Rejected (6 661 t) Exported forrecycling (?) Separatelycollected ( t) Recycled withincountry ( t) Not separatelycollected ( t) Paper 65 % separate collected netto via 100% door-to-door collection 10 % rejection 90% recycling Paper Glass 53 % separate collected netto via 70% door-to-door collection 10 % rejection 90% recycling Generated ( t) Rejected ( t) Exported forrecycling (?) Separatelycollected ( t) Recycled withincountry ( t) Not separatelycollected ( t) Collection systems in the capitals Amounts collected separately via different systems
Separate collection above 20% Separate collection above 35% Amounts collected separately via different systems Capture rate The share of the generated quantity of a given material that is separately collected: Paper, glass, plastics, metal, metal+plastics combined This usually requires sorting analysis of residual waste (available at city or national level). total amount generated % collected separately Capture rates: paper With bring points only Capture rates: glass With bring points only Capture rates: plastics Capture rates: metal Capture rates: plastics and metal combined Capture rates: bio-waste Pricing schemes performance Key recommendations Key recommendation Separate collection of waste fractions leads to higher recycling levels. Door-to-door collection result in the highest capture rates and yields of recyclables. Strict separate collection (one recyclable in one bin) usually leads to better recycling rates. Involving the private sector can help reduce costs management burden, however, often a lack of transparency and information. Implementation of Pay As You Throw (PAYT) for (residual) waste collection is one of the main success factor for successful separate collection. Thank you very much Nicole Seyring / BiPRO Nicole.Seyring@bipro.de
Mrton Herczeg / CRI