Assessment of Cultural Significance

WILLIAM FURER FLOUR lULL

STRATBFIBLD

Assessment of Cultural Significance

For Project Planning Associates Pty Ltd

Kell and Rigby Pty Ltd

Godden and Associates Pty Led

March 1989

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GOOOENMACKAYPTYlTO200 COM'dONWEALTH STREET

SURRY HILLS NSW 2010

STRATBFIELD

Kell and Rigby Pty Ltd

WILLlAM FARRER FLOUR MILL

Don Gadden and Associates Pty Ltd

March 1989

Assessment of Cultural Significance

For Project Planning Associates Pty Ltd

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III CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

I 1.1 Preamble 11.2 Background 11.3 Author Identification 2

I 1.4 Methodology 21.5 Documentary Research 31.6 Fieldwork 3

I1.7 Limitations 31.8 Acknowledgement 41.9 Report Format 4

I 2.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 62.1 General 62.2 Effect of Proposed Re-development 6

I 2.3 Re-use of existing structures 72.4 Recording 72.5 Artefacts 8

I 3.0 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 93.1 Preamble 9

I3.2 Summary Statement of Significance 93.3 Aesthetic 93.4 Historic 103.5 Social 10

I 3.6 Technological 103.7 Tabulation of Siqnificance

of Individual Elements 11

I3.8 Artefacts 12

4.0 DESCRIPTION 13

I4.1 Main Mill Building 134.2 Eastern Mill Building' 204.3 western Mill Building 244.4 Engine House 25

I 4.5 Main Store 274.6 Original Elevator Structure 284.7 Workshops 30

I4.8 Railway Siding 314.9 Silos 324.10 Other Structures 34

I 5.0 MILLING PROCESS 365.1 Reception and Storage 365.2 Rollermil1s - Breaking 37

I 5.3 Scalping 375.4 Purification 395.5 Conveyors 40

I5.6 Exhausts and Dust Filters 41

I 5.7 Layout/Operation 42

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D. Inventory of Equipment used at site during1980s. (Goodman Fielder Mills Ltd).

B. Artefact/Relic Ipventory Sheets

C. The Burra Charter of Australia ICOMOS andGuidelines to the Burra Charter: CulturalSignificance.

APPENDICES

CONTENTS continued

4646464848

50BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARTEFACTS/RELICSSurveyAssessmentList of Artefacts and RelicsRecommendations

A. History of Wi11iam Farrer MillRosemary Broomham

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INTRODUCTION

Preamble

The William Farrer Flour Mill site, in BeresfordRoad Strathfield, has been occupied continuously bya flour mill since the first decade of thiscentury. Built originally by Joseph Chicken, amiller from Corowa, and re-built by Chickenfollowing a fire in late 1912, the mill had aseries of owners and operators during its workinglife. Following acquisition by the JackettBrothers in 1919 various additions and alterationsled to the introduction of new plant. Furthermajor development and alterations occurred in theearly 1950s, after acquisition by Mungo Scott PtyLtd. This company was itself acquired by AlliedMills Ltd and ultimately by Goodman Fielder MillsLtd. The mill was given its present name in theearly 1950s. It remained in operation until the1980s. Following the sale of the site much of themachinery was removed, involving considerabledamage to the remaining building fabric.

Today the mill complex is a set of largely vacantshells, which contain limited evidence only of theformer operations at the site. The new owners ofthe site propose that it be re-zoned to accommodatea commercial office building.

Background

In October 1988 Project Planning Associates Pty Ltdprepared a submission to Strathfield MunicipalCouncil on behalf of Strathfield Freehold Pty Ltd,the new owners of the William Farrer Flour Millsite. That report substantiated an application forre-zoning from the existing RLight Industrial 4b Rzone, to allow for the proposed commercial officebuilding. The report described the proposeddevelopment, reviewed its environmentalapplications, reviewed existing planning controlsand addressed the site in relation to adjoiningnearby sites.

In a letter dated January 31st 1989, StrathfieldCouncil advised that consideration of the re-zoningapplication could only proceed following thepreparation of an assessment of the culturalsignificance of the property and a report whichconsidered the effect that the proposal would haveon this significance.

On 14th February 1989, Don Godden and AssociatesPty Ltd outlined a proposal for the assessment ofsignificance. This proposal was accepted by

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Project Planning Associates Pty Ltd andStrathfield Freehold Pty Ltd (per Kell and RigbyPty Ltd) on February 17th, and work commenced onFebruary 20th. On Monday February 27th Mr JohnCoady, from Project Planning Associates Pty Ltdauthorised an extension of the original proposal byan extra 14 hours of historical research. In allother respects this report has been prepared inaccordance with the original research anddocumentation outline.

Autbor Identification

This report was compiled and written by RichardMackay and Don Godden of Don Godden and AssociatesPty Ltd. The history of the William Farrer FlourMill site presented in Appendix A was researchedand written by Rosemary Broomham, ConsultantHistorian. Building descriptions are derived fromnotes provided by Robert Irving, ConsultantArchitectural Historian. Dr Barbara Le Maistre,Economic Historian, provided advice regarding flourmilling. Photography was undertaken by Mr PeterTzavaras. The report has been typed and assembledby Mrs Carol Wilson.

Ketbodology

This report follows the Methodology outlined in J SKerr The Conservation Plan, the National Trust ofAustralia (NSW), 2nd edition 1985, up until theassessment and statement of significance phase.The report complies with the principles of theAustralia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation ofPlaces of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter)and its guidelines. The Burra Charter and itsguidelines relating to Cultural Significance arereproduced as Appendix C.

The terminology used in this report, andparticularly the words place, culturalsignificance, conservation, maintenance,preservation, restoration, reconstruction,adaptation and compatible use, follows thedefinitions provided by the Burra Charter. Theterm nWilliam Farrer Flour Mill" is used inreference to the entire complex of structures andmachinery at 1-7 Beresford Road Strathfield, beingshown in Certificates of Title Vol 3734 Fol 207and Vol 4422 Fol 241 at Homebush. For the purposesof this report, additional names for individualstructures have been adopted and are shown inFigure 1. Storeys are numbered upward from theground floor, which is Level 1.

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Documentary Research

Documentary research was primarily undertaken byRosemary Broomham. A full outline of all sourcesconsulted is presented in Section 6.2 of AppendixA. Consultation was held with the owners'solicitors, representatives of Goodman FielderMills, N B Love Pty Ltd, ·the New South Wales FlourMillers Council, Thomas Robinson and Sons,Strathfield Municipal Council and Library and MrAlan Kell. A list of References is presented inSection 6.3 of Appendix A. The report itself andissues to be considered were discussed with Mr DonSmith, Strathfield Municipal Council, Ms TraceyIreland, Heritage Branch Department of Planning andMr Chris Pratten, National Trust of Australia(NSW) •

Fieldwork

The equivalent of four and a half person days werespent on site on February 23rd, 28th and March 6th,8th, lOth and 11th. Each structure was recorded bytraverse and machinery was recorded. Black andwhite photographic records have been made of allbuilding elevations, significant interior featuresand each significant artefact.

Limitations

Documentary research and fieldwork were carried outas indicated above. Few original plans and workingdrawings were located. Absence of contemporaryphotographs, records held by the different owners,and a full set of equipment plans from ThomasRobinson and Sons, has limited conclusions abouttypes of equipment used, and changes in use ofstructures over time. NSW Fire records, held bythe State Archives Office were not consulted. Oralhistory was limited to three interviews only(Messrs Alan Beattie, Tony Heesh, Alan Kell). Inother respects the research and assessment iscomprehensive.

The report does not include detailed plans ordrawings. In accordance with the brief, aconservation policy has not been prepared, as thestudy does not address constraints such asowner/client requirements, demolition caveats whichwere part of the sale contract, legal issues or thephysical condition of the placee

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Acknowledgement

In addition to the authors noted above, particularassistance with this report has been provided by MrRobert Kell (Managing Director, Kell and Rigby PtyLtd), Mr John Coady (project Planning AssociatesPty Ltd), Mr Don smith (Strathfield MunicipalCouncil), Messrs Alan Reid and Alan Beattie(Goodman Fielder Mills), Mr Geoff McCorquodale (NewSouth Wales Flour Millers' Council), Mr Tony Beesh(Thomas Robinson and Sons), and Mr Alan Kell.Additional help was provided by the staff of thevarious organisations consulted during the study.

Report Format

As the primary purpose of this report is toevaluate the impact of the proposed development onthe cultural significance of the place, a nonstandard format has been adopted. The fundamentaldata about the site are presented in Sections 4.0,5.0, 6.0 and Appendix A. The Statement of CulturalSignificance derived from this information isoutlined in Section 3.0, and the report'srecommendations are presented in Section 2.0.

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WORKSHOPS

MAINSTORE

LAMINATEDTIMBER

SILOS

Fig.l WI LLIAM FARRER FLOUR MILLSTRATH FIELD

l PLANTATION)

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CONDITION IBIN

MAIN EASTMILL MILLBUILDI BUILDI

WESTMILLBUILPfNG

ENGINEHOUSE

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lCONCRETEPAVINGFOOTINGS)

BERESFORO

( OTTAGE

No9 BERESFORDROAD

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Effect of Proposed Redevelopment

The proposed re-zoning of the site andredevelopment as commercial offices will obviouslyhave a number of effects. This report is confinedto the effect that the proposal would have on theheritage significance of the place.

The proposal involves the demolition of allexisting buildings and machinery and erection of afour storey commercial office building over twobasement parking areas. This will destroy theexisting aesthetic qualities of the site and itscapacity to demonstrate its use and history.

However, the existing building fabric and artefactsneither demonstrate a single phase in the historyof flour milling nor typify the process of millingitself. The removal of entire classes of equipmentand the extensive damage which has occurred to thebuilding fabric greatly reduce its potential foreffective conservation and adaptation to a new use.The amount of new fabric and reconstruction whichwould be required calls into question thedesirability of retention of several items.

The Wi11iam Farrer Flour Mill site is an item ofenvironmental heritage. The complex has a longhistory of flour milling. The southern facade is asignificant streetscape element and the site iswell known as a landmark. The complex displayslate Federation design in an industrial context andhas been adapted to suit changing technologies overtime.

General

However, retention of all or part of the existingcomplex poses problems, from the conservationviewpoint, as the amount of reconstruction requiredbegs the question as to what is being conserved.While it might be feasible to retain and adaptdifferent elements, such as the Beresford Roadfacade, this is viewed as unnecessary andundesirable. It is of particular relevance to notethat at least sixteen mills of comparable orgreater heritage significance remain within NewSouth Wales (see Appendix A, Section 6). All ofthese contain more complete sets of equipment, andbuilding complexes in superior condition. In viewof the very poor condition of the William FarrerFlour Mill site, and the fact that its history andknown technology are recorded in this report, itsretention on conservation grounds is not justified.

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS

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Concrete Silos

Main Mill Building and Extensions

This study has already involved a full black andwhite photographic survey.

If a decision is made to remove the existingstructures, it is recommended that adequaterecording be undertaken prior to demolition.

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measuredsite be

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of the photographs and drawings should bewith the Mitchell Library and Strathfield

In addition it is recommended thatdrawings of each elevation of the totalprepared by a qualified draftsperson.drawings should be at 1:100 scale.

Copieslodged

Timber Stores and Workshops

These buildings have been badly vandalised in orderto remove machinery. Their restrictiveconfiguration and damaged state means that largescale introduction of new fabric and majorrearrangement would be. required if they areretained. Although this form of industrialbuilding is becoming increasingly rare, it isconsidered that this complex is beyond effectiveconservation.

These silos have landmark quality, but are not ofgreat technological significance. There areprecedents for the adaptation of such structures(to home units, for example). However, theretention of the silos, on heritage grounds alone,is not justified.

Recording

Re-use of Existing structures

Consideration was given to the potential adaptationof existing structures to new uses and thefollowing conclusions were reached:

Extensive reconstruction and repair of existing(replacement) floors and damage to roof and wallswould be required. If the configuration of thebuilding is appropriate it would be possible toadapt it for a new use, or to construct a newbuilding behind the existing facade. Neithercourse of action would preserve all significantfeatures and neither can be supported onconservation grounds alone.

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Municipal Library.

Artefacts

The weighbridge should be recorded by photographand measured-drawings during removal.

Eight artefacts (two dust collectors, fourpurifiers and two weigher-packers) should beoffered to the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciencesor other suitable repository. If not accepted theymay be scrapped following recording.

Two weigher-packers should be recorded by measureddrawing, prior to removal/scrapping.

The documentation and photography carried out forthis report is adequate for the recording of allother artefacts, prior to their removal.

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The juxtaposition of different geometricbuilding forms creates a distinctive andintere~ting aesthetic quality.

The complex displays the application of lateFederation design to industrial structures.

The mill complex, with its six large silos, isa well known local landmark, readily recognisedby travellers on the adjacent railway line.

The brick southern facade of the William FarrerFlour Mill is a noteworthy element of theBeresford Road streetscape.

The brick mill buildings show consistency inform, scale, finish and design treatment.

The mill complex, and particularly the sixconcrete silos, are well known local landmarks.

The William Farrer Flour Mill is an example ofFederation industrial architecture whichcontributes to the Beresford Road streetscape.

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* The William Farrer Flour Mill site evidences' aperiod of industrial development in Strathfieldand continuous use by a single industrythroughout this century.

The main mill building displays the developedroller mill form and shows evidence of changesresulting from increasingly improved millingtechnology.

Aesthetic

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STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

The William Farrer Flour Mill site evidences changeand development in a single industry over seventyyears. Although different phases and buildingsmight be individually identified and specific areasof significance ascribed, it is consideredpreferable to present an overall statement ofcultural significance and to tabulate the relativesignificance of different components separately.

Summary Statement of Significance

Preamble

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* The William Farrer Flour Mill has limitedsocial significance.

Historic

The William Farrer Flour Mill was built duringa period of major rationalisation of themilling industry.

The location of the mill, beside a suburbanrailway line, demonstrates the economicimportance of a central location and access torail transport.

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* The mill, and its location, evidence asignificant industrial component ofStrathfield's history and heritage, which islargely overlooked in recent studies.

The site has been used continuously by oneindustry for most of this century.

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The mill has associations with five millingenterprises and therefore evidences thecorporate changes and rationalisation whichhave occurred in the milling industry.

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Technological

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The buildings at the site have been adaptedover time and display changes to their fabricwhich result from technological development ina single industry.

The form of the main mill building typifiesroller milling processes in a developed form,before the introduction of today's technology.

The William Farrer Flour Mill complex containsseveral examples of early twentieth centuryindustrial architecture, including severaltimber frame, iron clad structures ofsubstantial proportions.

As a minor employer, and local source of flourthe mill has contributed to Strathfield's localeconomy.

* The name nWilliam Farrer n which was introducedas a marketing exercise in the 1950s, hascreated an artificial association with thispioneer of the wheat industry.

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Main mill building:Southern facade 3 4 3 2 2Exterior 3 3 3 2 2Level 1 4 2 4 2 4Level 2 2 2 2 1 2Level 3 3 2 3 2 2Level 4 2 2 2 1 2

Eastern mill building:Southern facade 3 4 2 2 2Eastern facade 3 2 3 2 3Level 1 2 2 3 1 3Level 2 2 3 2 1 3

Western mill building:Southern facade 3 4 2 2 2Exterior 2 2 3 1 2Level 1 1 Neg 2 1 1Level 2 2 1 2 1 2Level 3 2 1 2 1 2

Tabulation of Significance of Individual Elements

In considering the William Farrer Flour Mill site,it is useful to distinguish between the relativedegree of significance of the different componentsat the place. The following table follows themethodology and values outlined by Kerr (1982:3637; see also Appendix C).

The values used to express the degree ofsignificance are:

4 · of exceptional significance·3 · of considerable significance·2 · of some significance·, · of slight significance... ·· not relevant or not assessed·Neg · impairs heritage value·Item Heritage Aesthetic Historic Social Techncr

logical

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The complex contains a small number ofartefacts which show specific phases of themilling process.

The concrete silos are typical slip formconcrete structures, which are neither of earlydate, nor rare in Australia.

The complex lacks much of its plant andtherefore has limited ability to display thelayout and operations of a roller mill.

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Item Heritage Aesthetic Historic Social Techno-logical

Engine House 3 3 2 1 3Main Store 3 3 4 1 3Original Elevator

Structure 3 2 4 1 3Workshops 2 2 2 1 2Railway Siding 3 2 4 2 3Silos 2 3 2 1 2Water Tank Neg NegSub Station Neg NegGarage Neg NegAnenities Block Neg NegConcrete Paving

3.8 Artefacts

Section 6 and Appendix B of this report dealindependently with artefacts and relics. As manyitems of equipment have been removed, it is nolonger possible for the site to demonstrate thecomplete milling process. Artefacts are thereforenot assessed as assemblages or as components of thebuilding fabric, but rather as individual items.

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DESCRIPTION

The William Farrer Flour Mill site lies betweenBeresford Road and the main western railway. It isbounded to the east by two rail sidings and to thewest by an industrial building at 9 Beresford Road.

Main Mill Building

The main, four storey, mill building incorporatesthe mill re-built by Joseph Chicken in 1914 andfeatured in Thomas Robinson's advertisingpUblication (see Figure 6 of Appendix A). Thisoriginal structure was a single bay wide and sixbays long. At least two major alterations havebeen made to its external appearance, with aninitial addition of two bays of three storeys atits southern end in 1922 and a later one storeyaddition to this extension, bringing it to theroofline of the original building. Several majoralterations have been made to the internal featuresof the building.

Fig 2. William Farrer Flour Mill, Strathfield.Southern Elevation.

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The main mill building has a north/south gabledform arranged in six bays, separated by brickpiers. The walls are one and a half bricks thick,with an extra half brick thickness for piers. Theroof is corrugated iron. There are two smallventilators.

The southern (Beresford Road) facade has fourstoreys, each two bays wide. The style is lateFederation and this face, and the adjacentadditions are clearly the "presentation" facade ofthe complex. The brickwork is in English bond.Bays are separated by piers, with the gablereturning to the original wall and pier thickness.The fenestration pattern and design sets the stylefor much of the complex. All windows have darkthree ring arches, bullnosed sills and timberframes. The top storey windows are double hungdouble pane sashes. Levels 2 and 3 have a pair ofcasement windows, each a pair of sashes three paneshigh, in each panel. At ground level the westernpanel has a single pane double hung window.

Fig 3. Eastern elevation, main mill buildingand eastern mill building. Note windowsand brickwork in top storey of bay 1.

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Between levels 3 and 4 a large painted sign:"WILLIAM FARRER" obscures a marked change in thebrickwork. The top storey is clearly verydifferent, the mortar colour being most evident.At the gable base the corbelling is a double layerwith a row of diagonal bricks surmounted by a rowof stretchers upon which the main gable wall sits.This treatment is the only major decorative elementin the building. A repeat of this corbelling belowthe painted sign suggests that the same treatmentwas used in the original three storey extension.This is further evidenced in the eastern andwestern walls of the top storey of bays one andtwo. In addition to markedly different brickwork,these bays have windows with steel lintels insteadof three ring arches. The original brickwork ishighest on the street side, raking down to a windowon level three, and presumably raking in behind thepainted sign.

Fig 4. western elevation, main mill building,showing parapets of bays 6 and 8 andrecent damage.

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On the eastern facade two storeys are visible abovethe eastern mill building. Three bays at thenorthern end are obscured by the conditioning binextension of the eastern mill building. Thevisible detailing of this face is consistent withthe southern and western sides, except for the newbrickwork and steel lintels in the upper storey ofbays 1 and 2 mentioned above. The western facadeis partly obscured by the western mill building andthe engine room. There is significant recentdamage including total demolition of panels in bay4 level 4 and bay 5 level 2, presumably as a resultof machinery removal. Unusually the wall betweenbays 2 and 3, and the northern end wall, extendbeyond roof level to form parapets. Although itis known that bays I and 2 were originally screenrooms, the reason for the parapet treatment is notclear.

Fig 5. Original main mill building internalstructure, level 1, bays 3 and 4.

Major alterations have occurred to the internalstructure and fittings. Original support structureremains only within level 1. This level has arelatively recent (c1950) concrete floor. The

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(30cm) square ironbark posts with stop-gapchamfers, supporting an ironbark spine beam. Theposts and beams are axed and the construction issimilar to a nineteenth-century warehouse. (Thismay result from wartime steel shortages as BHP wasnot yet producing adequate supplies for theconstruction industry's needs). Joists, which spanfrom wall to wall, are oregon and are asymmetric.On the eastern side are irregularly spaced eightinch (20cm) joists of standard form. On thewestern side are square ten inch (25cm) beams,indicating that the double floor above was intendedto support a heavy load.

Bays I and 2 have a lower concrete floor, andsimilar timber construction, with slightly smallermembers. At level I the original southern wall ofthe main mill building remains. Above it isreplaced on three levels by portals of concrete.These consist of very heavy side piers and largegirders. They were presumably inserted to stiffenthe longitudinal walls following addition of thetwo extra bays.

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Fig 6. "New" RSJ girders and flooring.

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In levels 2, 3 and 4 the internal timberconstruction has been removed and replaced by aseries of steel (A.I.S. Port Kembla) girders~panning between brick piers. Their introduction1S obvious, as they are not all centred and newbrickwork is apparent underneath. New longitudinaljoists on the girders support wooden floors. Thenailing pattern in these joists indicates that atleast one previous floor has been replaced. Level2 has a double floor; levels 3 and 4 are singlefloors.

Fig 7. Detail of attachment of steel girdersto wall, showing change in brickwork.

Above level 4 the roof is supported on queen posttrusses. The top compression beams of thesetrusses have been cut and moved up, to create roomfor a working gallery above. The vertical membersstill connect to the stub ends of the originalmembers. The roof space has a maze of ductingassociated with pneumatic conveyors which runthroughout the building. Numerous holes andpatches in the flooring evidence the presence andrearrangement of these ducts. Several series rundown the eastern and western walls. Ceilings arelined with new galvanised metal pneumatic conveyors

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and earlier timber conveyors with metal augers. Aone metre square chute in the north-eastern cornerof bay 6 formerly housed a 200 lb crane which isnow gone.

The extant building fabric has suffered significantrecent damage. This includes removal of machineryand the roof in bays 1 and 2, demolition of panelsin level 4 of bay 4 and level 2 of bay 5, removalof two levels of flooring at the southern end ofthe building in levels 3 and 4 and damage toseveral sections of flooring. This damage ispresumed to be associated with the removal ofmachinery. Equipment has been totally removed fromlevels 2 and 4, and part of level 3.

Fig 8. Roof structure. Main mill building. Noteducting and modification to queen post truss.

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Fig 9. Flooring removed between levels 2 and 4,bay 2 main mill building.

Eastern Mill Building

The eastern mill building is believed to have beenconstructed in late 1923, early 1924. It is a twostorey addition with brick southern (BeresfordRoad) facade, and other walls and roof of iron.The southern face has a gabled outer section linkedwith a skillion to the main mill building. Thegable treatment mimics the details of the main millbuilding, having the same double corbelling and areturn to the main wall and pier thickness in thegable itself.

The upper storey of the gabled section has a pairof casement windows which are identical to the mainmill building windows. The upper storey of theskill ion has a single window with two single panetilting sashes. At ground level are a double hungsingle pane sash window and a door. The groundlevel of the gable section has a roller door, withconcrete lintel above. The roller door openingappears to be an original feature. The bull-nosedbrick reveals match sills elsewhere in thestructure, and minor differences in brickwork seem

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to be repointing only as the bonding is continuous.There is no sign that the lintel has been inserted.

Fig 10. Eastern mill building southern elevation.

On the eastern side the brickwork returns at groundlevel, with an overhung timber frame, corrugatediron clad, wall above. The reason for thedifference is unclear. It may be that a brickextension was intended here but never built. Theoverhang serves two purposes. Its "eaves" are cladwith timber slats which provide ventilation andextra clearance from the adjacent rail siding isprovided at ground level. The brick wall has asingle central door with vertical timber panelling,and three windows (two with timber frames, one witha metal frame) at the southern end. There is alsoa grain chute. The brickwork at the base of thebuilding is unfinished. There are a number ofobvious attachment points which indicate that thelower part of the structure was obscured by aplatform.

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Fig 11. Eastern mill building, eastern elevation,showing probable location of platform.

The internal construction of this building is mostunusual. Level 1 has a squared timber frame of teninch (25cm) square axed posts and beams, liberallybraced and bolted. The posts are morticed intotenons in the beams. The frame is independent ofthe surrounding brickwork. The main girders extendout over the brickwork and support an extension ofthe floor above. The technology is reminiscent of1880-1890 warehouse construction. (It is suspectedthat the use of timber reflects the continuingpost-war shortage of structural steel inAustralia) •

The upper storey and roof feature more traditionalconstruction. The walls are typical timber frame,iron clad. The roof has large purlins supported bya composite iron and oregon truss with diagonaltimber members and central iron tie rod. The roofis corrugated iron. It has two cylindrical vents.

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At the northern end, the skillion link is only onebay deep, leaving a lightwell between the main millbuilding and the eastern extension. This baycontains offices and laboratory, now in a very poorand dilapidated condition as a result of weatheringand vandalism.

On the western side of this structure at itsnorthern end is a large laminated timbersilo/conditioning bin. This structure, which isthree levels high, is supported below by a networkof massive timber piers and braces. It extendsbeyond the roof of the eastern mill building,adjacent to the side of the main mill building,obscuring the eastern side of bays 1 and 2. Thestructure is housed by a timber frame, with ironcladding and is roofed in iron with an east/westgambrell-like form. There are two six panecasement windows on the eastern side of its toplevel.

Internal structural details, level 1eastern mill building.

Fig 12.



4.3 Western Rill Building

The western mill building was probably constructedin late 1924. It is a three storey building, withbrick southern facade, but otherwise of timberframe, iron clad construction. The front(Beresford Road) wall is divided into two largepanels, with half brick thick piers between.Levels 2 and 3 and the western end of level I havea pair of six pane casement windows in each panel,identical to those in the main building. Theeastern panel of level I has a door on the westernside and two double hung single pane sash windows.The front wall has toothing on its western end,suggesting that extensions were intended. Thetoothing shows a deliberate pattern being one brickwide in the level 3 wall and a brick and a halfwide below.

Fig 13. Western mill building, western elevation.Note toothing in southern brick wall.

The western wall of the building is corrugated ironclad, and has only two small single pane windows inthe upper storey. The western mill building abutsthe main mill building, obscuring three levels ofbays 1 and 2. The northern side of the building is

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4.4

iron clad and also has only two single pane windowsin its upper level. There is considerable damageat the north-western corner where a section of roofand wall has been destroyed in order to removemachinery. There is a small skillion addition onthe north-eastern corner, clad in horizontalweatherboards. This structure is associated withthe staff amenities which were located in theground floor of this building.

Fig 14. West mill building, southern elevation.Note damage to upper level.

Engine Bouse

The engine house is a brick east/west gabledstructure, with skillion addition on its northernside, which extends westward from the northern endof the main mill building. A set of stairs linksthe engine house to level 1 of bay 6. The western,gabled end, has a central circular window/ventabove a pair of vertical timber panelled doors onrollers. The doors are flanked by a pair ofwindows with chamfered cement sills, three panehigh casement windows with three ring arches. Thesouthern window has been infilled with brick.

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There is evidence of a similar window in theskillion addition, which has been infilled in itslower portion and now has a single pane sash.

." . [-. ~ d L.

Fig 15. Western elevation of engine house.

The southern facade is arranged in three bays, eachof which originally had a standard six panecasement window with three ring arch and bull-nosedbrick sill. The eastern window remains intact.The central window has been converted to a door.The western window is infilled with brick. On thenorthern side there is evidence of much alteration.There is a door with three ring arch, a squaretimber framed window and a recessed panel withthree high timber framed windows with louvres.

The engine house contains a large (400BHP)Metropolitan Vickers electric motor. A multiplebelt drive mechanism on the southern side of thismotor connects with the main drive shaft along thewestern side of level 1 of the main mill building.A bakelite switchboard formerly stood in the southwestern corner. It has been totally destroyed. Amezzanine level at the eastern end of the buildingalso contained switch gear, now removed.

26


4.5

Fig 16. Engine house, southern elevation showingmodification to original standard windows.

Main Store

The Main Store building is part of the 1914 millcomplex. It is a very large gabled building,timber framed and clad with corrugated iron. Themost remarkable feature is its steeply pitched roof(c45 0 ) • This pitch is clearly not for traditionalreasons of storage or access as there is no sign ofgalleries or gangways. It is likely thatventilation was a prime consideration.

Th main store is best viewed externally from theeast. Along this side it has a brick lower course,with iron cladding above and a series of windows.To the north it abuts the workshop structure; tothe south the eastern mill building. A skillionawning over the adjacent rail siding runs along itseastern side.

27


4.6

Fig 17. Main store building, western elevation.

The interior of the main store is an impressivespace. The high steep roof rests on high (fivemetre) walls creating a cavernous feeling. On theeastern side the walls are metal clad. The westernwalls are also metal clad in the northern section,but in the southern section a pair of laminatedtimber silos/conditioning bins forms the westernwall. The ground floor is concrete. At this levelis a heavy network of piers and beams supportingthe double floor above. The upper superstructureis of much lighter construction in comparison.There is a mezzanine floor at the southern end.The corrugated iron roof is supported by a queenpost truss of standard design. A large roof ventis connected to exhaust equipment on the mezzaninelevel.

Original Elevator structure

This building links the main mill building and mainstore. It connects, by a high level catwalk, withthe newer concrete silo elevator tower. It isthree storeys high at the northern end of the mainbuilding, but extends upward in a prominenteast/west gable structure to a height of five orsix storeys (39 metres). The structure is timber

28


Fig 18. Interior of main store.

framed and corrugated iron clad and has aninteresting form with an east/west gable on itssouthern section and double pitched north/southroof, in addition to the elevator tower itself.The stark geometric forms are emphasised by a lackof windows apart from a few single panes at theupper levels.

The structure houses a major interchange of ductsand conveyors, the elevator itself, and twolaminated timber (oregon) silos/conditioning bins.The elevator tower is ascended via a series ofsteep wooden ladders which lead to a roof spaceabove the laminated timber bins. The roofstructure itself is a composite iron and timbertruss. The eastern side of the northern part ofthe structure presents a large white, chocolate andorange sign: ·WILLIAM FARRER ft

•

29


4.7

Fig 19. Original Elevator Structure

Workshops

The mill workshops are at the northern end of thesite and form an extension of the main storebuilding. The workshops have a sloping skillionroof, the high side of which abuts and cuts acrossthe northern gable of the main store. Thestructure is timber framed and iron clad. Itsfloor is raised 0.5 metres above the main storefloor. The building now contains various conveyorcomponents and other 'spare parts'.

30


4.8

Fig 20. Interior of Workshops building

Railway Siding

Two railway sidings running along the eastern sideof the mill complex form part of the site. Thesiding adjacent to the mill is at a higher level.It runs through a skillion addition attached to theeastern side of the main store building, andextending across part of the eastern mill building.The outer side of the skillion is supported by aseries of timber posts. Cladding is present inpart of the eastern side only, where there is aseries of small high windows.

The skillion houses a concrete hopper andweighbridge. The hopper, which is covered by ametal grille, feeds an underfloor conveyor whichruns west into the main store. The weighbridge,immediately south of the hopper, was built in 1960by H. Pooley and Sons Ltd, Birmingham and London.

Beyond the skillion, to the south, the siding runsbeside the east mill building, where there isevidence of a former platform. A chute in thislocation and a pneumatic chute/filler within theskillion suggest that the siding was also used forbulk loading.

31

32

The basement of each silo has a conical hopperwhich feeds a central horizontal conveyor. Metaland concrete stairs lead up the elevator shaft.There is an input chute at about twenty metres fromthe original elevator structure to the south.

Built in 1952, the six slip formed concrete silosare dominant visual elements at the site. The setcomprises six interlinked concrete cylinders, sixmetres in diameter and forty seven metres high. Asquare elevator shaft four metres by five metresand fifty one metres high is at the southern end.

Rail siding, skillion, weighbridgeand hopper.

•

Fig 21.

-

Silos4.9



Fig 22. Six slip form concrete silos

Fig 23. Conical hoppers at the base of each silo

33


4.10

The main elevator is powered by a 10 horsepowerCrompton Parkinson electric motor. At the top ofthe elevator a galvanised sheet metal chainconveyor with manifold runs along the top of thesilos. This conveyor is driven by a Sonnerdale"Superdrive" engine, powered by a small CromptonParkinson electric motor.

Fig 24. Silo chain conveyor and overhead manifold

The construction of the silos typifies slip formconcrete, but is not remarkable as this technologywas introduced to Australia in the 1920s.

Other Structures

Other elements of the site include a three metrebrick wall enclosing an electrical substation, anda steel water tank at the western end of thewestern mill building. There is a small brickgabled toilet building with corrugated iron roof tothe west of the original elevator building. On itsnorth is another small brick structure with doublegarage doors and timber windows. The area on thewestern side of the mill complex is concrete pavedand includes four tank bases and assorted machineryfootings.

34


There is a small, double gabled brick bungalow,with tiled roof and roughcast chimney on thewestern part of the site. Though used as a staffresidence, it does not relate to the operation ofthe place asa mill, and is not included in thepresent study.

35

IIIIIIIIIIIII"IIIIIIII

5.0

5.1

MILLING PROCESS

The original mill and technology introduced at thissite by Joseph Chicken was steam powered rollermilling, which was first used in Australia in 1879.During the course of its history the place hasundergone several phases of additions andalterations, with at least two major periods ofupgrading. At best, the remaining plant andmachinery, and the process and technology which itrepresents, evidences the most recent methods ofprocessing employed at the site. (It is mostlikely that the equipment which has been removedwas of a more recent date than that which remainson site, so that the remaining artefacts do notdemonstrate the state-of-the-art in millingprocesses at the time of closure>.

The main mill building itself has evidence of atleast three phases of its flooring. The remainingtimber floor is extensively patched and penetrated.This is not uncommon in a mill building of thisage, as timber floors were used deliberately inorder to allow for frequent rearrangement of plant.It is clear that such rearrangement did occur atthe William Farrer Flour Mill. It is also clearthat the configuration of the mill buildings in the1920s was not ideal for later generations oftechnology. The result is that the existing millfabric, and machinery, is a hybrid, representingneither a specific phase of milling technology, noroptimal configuration and layout of an operatingmill. Nevertheless, in assessing the significanceof the present fabric and assemblage of artefacts,it is necessary to analyse how it relates to themilling process. The following outline is notintended to be a comprehensive account of the flourmilling process. It is included to facilitate anunderstanding of the basic function of thedifferent spaces within the mill complex.

Reception and Storage

The location of the William Farrer Mill adjacent tothe main western railway line is no coincidence.The first mill was established at a time when mostflour mills in New South Wales were clustere~

around Darling Harbour. Access to efficienttransport for both grain and flour was clearlyessential. The layout of Chicken's Mill relateddirectly to the rail siding. The existing hopperis understood to date from 1944. The adjacentweighbridge is dated 1910, and may have beeninstalled in Chicken's first mill or the 1914replacement.

36


5.2

5.3

From the hopper grain was conveyed westward throughthe main store to a network of conveyors andelevators. It cannot be ascertained whether theexisting conveyors are those depicted in drawingsheld by Thomas Robinson and Sons Ltd (see Figure 28and Section 6.1 of Appendix A). The conveyors fedgrain into the laminated timber silos within themain store. After 1952 the overhead conveyors wereextended so that grain could be further conveyed tothe new concrete silos.

It appears that the third existing laminated timberstructure in the screening area of the east millbuilding was a conditioning bin. Conditioning bins

·were used to add or remove moisture from the wheat,and ensure that moisture was uniformly distributed.This enabled maximum extraction of flour.Screening and separating of the grain would havebeen carried out nearby.

Rollermills - Breaking

The William Farrer Mill most recently operatedusing a five break system. During this processrollermills are used to scrape the starch(endosperm) away from the wheat bran. Therollermills contain pairs of fluted iron rollerswith the upper roller turning faster than the lowerroller. The number of flutes increases, producinga finer product for each break.

No roller mills remain within the William FarrerMill complex. The location of remaining purifiers(see below) and penetration patterns in the floorindicate that the rollermills were located on level2 of the main mill building. If this was the case,the existing fabric indicates that the most recentprocessing at the site was carried out in multiplesof six.

Scalping

Following the breaks the milled material must beseparated into starch particles, wheat germ andopen wheat grains which still have starch adhering.The sifters separate stocks into a series ofgrades. Typical grades would be coarse, medium andfine semolina and middlings, plus dunst and breakflour. Dunst and break flour particles are lowquality flour with high bran content which isdifficult to refine furthe~. Coarser separationsare carried out on woven wire cloth. Finerseparations use silk or nylon bolting cloth. Thesifters used at the William Farrer Flour Millappear to have been plan sifters. This is a formof rotary sifter in which a series of superimposed

37

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38

"Arrangement of Conveyors Under Silos23/1/47". One of a number of plansheld by Thomas Robinson and Sons.This arrangement may never have beenbuilt.

JECTlON. DfJ.'

Fig 25.

feCTION /I I{

3o

III -1

III .11

I.

IIII

IIIIIIIII

III

~:IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

5.4

horizontal sifting surfaces rotate together.Attachment frames for a series of plan siftersremain beneath the steel roof gallery floor inlevel 4 of the main mill building.

Fig 26. Plan sifter attachment frames, level 4

Purification

Purifiers are used to extract bran from gradedstock. They consist of a series of long, narrowsloping sieves which vibrate rapidly. Impuritiesare drawn away or held in suspension, while thestarch is sifted into various grades. Level 3 ofthe main mill building was the primary purificationarea. Four 'Simon' purifiers remain, and itappears that two purifiers have been removed.

39

40

The most recent generation of conveyors arepneumatic. These are of two types. Small steelducting occurs along the walls of the main millbuilding. Larger diameter ducting in tin andgalvanised iron runs between the various machineryfloors. Fans which provided the air flow for theoperation of the pneumatic conveyors were located

Four major types of conveyor remain within theWilliam Farrer Mill complex. The earliest typesare chain conveyors of the type remaining connectedto the wheat dump hopper. The main mill buildingcontains an extensive network of overhead timber"worm" conveyors. These are square timber ductswith metal augers. They have opening flaps on theunderside to allow for easy inspection andmaintenance. Few open belt conveyors remain. Agood example is conveyor number 3 located on level2 of the east mill building. This conveyor has anopen timber chute, large synthetic belt, metalrollers and was powered by an electric motor.

remaining purifiers, level 3.Fig 27.

Conveyors5.5



5.6

in level 3 of the western mill building and levels3 and 4 of bays I and 2 of the main mill building.These have been removed through large holes in theadjacent walls and roof.

Fig 28. Remains of pneumatic equipment,western mill building.

Exhausts and Dust Filters

The mill complex had an extensive network ofexhaust equipment and dust filters. Three largetimber cased suction dust filters, which probablydate from the 1950s, remain. These machines are'textile' filters which operated by sucking air inthrough a sub floor hopper, up through sleeveswhich act as filters, and discharging from adischarge fan to the atmosphere outside thebuilding. One filter is on the mezzanine level ofthe main store building and is associated with anadjacent "dust extractor" fan. The other pair areon level 2 of the western mill building.

41


5.7

Fig 29. Suction filter dust collector and fan

Layout/Operation

Figures 30 and 31 are the only available sectionsof a set of diagrams showing the mill plant andoperations proposed in 1951. Roller-mills (breaks)are indicated as hatched pairs of circles.Plansifters are rectangular multi-level boxes andpurifiers are four and eight chambered rectangles.The lines and arrows indicate conveyors. Thesediagrams, which represent only part of the totalprocess, demonstrate the complexity of the flow ofstocks, as the output from a single piece ofequipment might travel to more than ten differentlocations. Reduction of particles increases downthe page, separation to the right. Owing to thechanges which have occurred since 1951 it is notpossible to relate this chart directly to theexisting fabric, nor to conclude that this proposalwas necessarily installed. It does give anindication of the likely configuration of machineryand flow of stock.

The ultimate arrangement and layout of the mainmill building, despite its restrictive format,tallies very closely with the cross section of a'typical' mill of this period provided by Lockwood(1960) •

42

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45

IIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIII

6.0

6.1

6.2

ARTEFACTS

Survey

Although much machinery and equipment has beenremoved from the site, a number of significantartefacts remain. A systematic examination of thesite was made and a register of selected items wasprepared. Each relic was included on an inventorycard. These cards are reproduced as Appendix B.All items were photographed and, where required,documentary evidence and references were consultedto determine historical and technologicalbackground.

Assessment

Each relic was assessed in the categories ofhistorical association, technological importance,structural integrity, interpretive ability,relative rarity and operational ability.

Historical association refers to the length ofassociation a building, structure or relic has hadwith the historic environment in which it is found.

Technological importance of a structure or relic isthe contribution it makes to the understanding ofthe history of flour milling technology, eitherthrough its extant fabric or through the artefactswith which it is associated.

Structural integrity refers to the physicalcondition of the relic and the sympathy with whichalterations have been made to its fabric. Someitems have remained unchanged since they wereinstalled or erected while others have been alteredor dismantled.

Interpretative ability is the ease with which abuilding or relic can demonstrate the part itplayed in a process or in the development of asite.

Relative rarity is the measure of the number ofsimilar items existing now as compared to thenumber originally made •.

Operational ability is the ability of a machine tobe operated in its present condition, with aminimum amount of work being done to it andproviding normal facilities such as power source orother materials are available.

Each of the above categories is given a rating from1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). From these ratings a

46

The Significance Assessment raw score correspondsto the following categories:

Significance Assessment score is given whichreflects the total significance that a building orrelic may have.

5 exceptional significance4 high significance3 moderate significance2 some significance1 little significance

The different categories should not be regarded asbeing equivalent in considering the totalsignificance assessment. The final weighting foreach relic given in the assessment, though veryclosely allied to the assigned ratings in the fiveor six categories, is dependent to a certain extenton the experience of the assessor.

which have exceptionalsignificance should bebe the subject of a

Relics or buildingssignificance or highconserved and shouldconservation plan.


A relic or building which is regarded as havingmoderate significance may be considered forconservation if it ranks highly in one particularcategory or it forms part of a complex.

Relics or buildings which rate as having some orlittle significance should have their form,construction, function and other relevant detailsfully recorded before they are modified or moved.

It should be stressed that the rating of a buildingor relic will change over time and that this reportis relevant only for the period in which it waswritten.

Buildings and relics may also be considered as partof an assemblage, a collection or a system. Inview of the removal of many key elements of theprocesses outlined in Section 5, it was notconsidered reasonable to assess the remainingmachinery as part of an integral system, nor evenas a collection, as too many of the fundamentalparts of the process are missing. (Appendix Dpresents a list of machinery used at the site inthe 1980s) •

47

6.3 List of Artefacts and Relics

48

It is recommended that four items be furtherrecorded before removal; three weigher-packers(items 8-10) and the weighbridge. The weigher-

The assessment above indicates that none of theartefacts considered by this study is determined tobe of high or exceptional significance. In view ofthe absence of crucial elements from the millingprocess at the site, it is not considered necessaryor desirable to retain any equipment in situ.

Fifteen items are regarded as having moderatesignificance. Of these, it is recommended thateight (two weigher-packers, four purifiers and twosuction filter dust collectors) should be offeredto the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences or othersuitable repositories. If they are not accepted itis acknowledged that they may be scrapped.

422111213311313333311334

311122244433323333311331

333343334433213444422442

432232323322314444433444

322332233333322333322331

423232232232222222222222

Heritage Historic Tech- Struct- Inter- Relative OperSignifi- Assoc- nolog- ural pretive Rarity ational

cance iation ical Integr.Ability AbilityImport.

ItemNo

6.4 Recommendations

1. weighbridge 32. Fan 23. No 3 Conveyor 24. Main Drive Shaft 25. Horizont. Conveyors 36. Pneumatic Conveyors 27. Main Electr ic Motor 28. Weigher-Packer 39. weigher-Packer 3

10. Weigher-Packer 311. weigher-Packer 312. Weigher-Packer 313. Purifier 314. Dust Extractor 215. Dust Collector 316. Purifier 317. Purifier 318. Purifier 319. Purifier 320. Exhaust Fan 221. Exhaust Fan 222. Dust Collector 323. Dust Collector 324. Elevator Mechanism 2



packers should be further documented by measureddrawing. The weighbridge should be recorded bymeasured drawing and additional photographs duringdismantling.

The documentation photography already undertaken aspart of this study is considered adequate for allother recording of extant artefacts.

49

50

Those interviewed were:

Tony Heesh, Director, Thomas Robinson and Sons.

BIBLIOGRAPHY/SOURCES

Share

Company,Produce

Oral History

Alan· Beattie, former employee of Thomas Robinsonand 'Sons, now employed by Goodman Fielder Mills.

New South Wales Millers'Correspondence File.

New South Wales Millers' Produce Co Ltd,Register. 1909-1963.

Alan Kell, Director, Ke~l and Rigby.

Geoff McCorquodale, ex flour miller, presentlyExecutive Director, NSW Flour Millers' Council.

Strathfield Municipal Council Building ApplicationRegister, 1909-1988, all references to developmentin Beresford Road, factory development passim.

Land Titles Office, all Certificates of Title,Transfers and Plans associated with the titlesearch on land occupied by William Farrer Mills PtyLtd.

Primary Sources

Alan Reid, Manager, Engineering Department, GoodmanFielder Mills.

This bibliography incorporates all material used byRosemary Broomham in the History (see Appendix A) •

Thomas Robinson & Sons, Collection of Plans forJacketts/William Farrer Mills Plant, 1945-1952.

Due to the short time available; the 'oral history'for this study was limited to brief notes madeduring conversation, many of which concerned thegeneral process and history of the flour millingindustry.

7.2

7.1

7.0

IIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIIII

51

Unpublished

Sir Joseph Lockwood, Flour Milling, Henry SimonLtd, Stockport England, 4th Edition, 1960.

F A Larcombe, The Advancement of Local Governmentin New South Wales 1906 to the Present, SUP,Sydney, 1978.

HandlingEdition,

July 1935,

A Geography ofANU, Canberra,

15The Master Baker of Australasia,"New, Modern Flour Mill".

Strathfield Library, Strathfield Scrapbook,compiled from Source and Other Documents for LocalArea Studies, specifically for early land grantsand subdivisions, flour mills and other industries,and railway history.

Gilbert Caley, Flour Milling in New South Wales:with special reference to the Socio-EconomicImplications, in the Period 1788-1850, Paper,Macquarie University, 1978.

Bulk Grain: Year Book of the Grain

Michael Fox and Associates, Strathfield HeritageStudy, 2 volumes, prepared on behalf of StrathfieldMunicipal Council, April 1988.

Michael Jones, Oasis in the West: Strathfield'sFirst Hundred Years, AlIen & Unwin, Sydney, 1985.

J S Kerr, .ge Conservation Plan, The National Trustof Australia (NSW) 2nd Edition, 1985.

M. Pluss, "The Evolution of Strathfield", in IanBurnley and James For rest, Living in Cities, AlIen& Unwin Australia Ltd, Sydney, 1985 •.

The Australasian Baker, 31 May 1935, "Sydney's NewMill".

Luke Goodwin, "The Life and Death of a Flour Mill",Australian Journal of Historical Archaeology, Vol1, January 1983.

G J R Linge, Industrial Awakening:Australian Manufacturing 1788-1890,1979.

Books and Articles

Authority of NSW, Special Bicentenary1988, Historical Articles.

7.4

7.3


IIIIIII

I I

IIIIIIIIIIIII

APPENDIX A

WILLIAM FARRER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

HISTORY

Rosemary Broomham

1 March 1989

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

'I'I;1

ROSEMARY BROOMHAMCONSULTANT HISTORIAN ARCHAEOLOGIST

1 MARCH 1989

~~O\,AG fVo.,M 4- .'-Jar "TO SCA\.L.

-ri.

1

WILLIAM PARRER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

5.0 Historical Significance5.1 Significance to the History.of Strathfield5.2 Place in Development of Plour Milling Technology

Rosemary Broomham

6.0 Plans and Photographs6.1 AppendiIes6.2 Sources6.3 R.eferences

4.0 Development of Site by Mungo ScottlAllied Mills19.f4 - 1988

4.1 Ownership 1944 - 19884.2 Jacketts Pty Ltd: On Site Changes 1944 - 19534.3 William Farrer Pty Ltd: On Site Changes 1953 -

1988

3.0 Development of the Site by jacketts3.1 jackett Bros.• jackett Bros Ltd. jacketts Pty Ltd

Ownership 1918 - 1944 (7)3.2 Jack-etts: On Site Changes 1918 - 1944

2.0 Development of the Site by joseph Chicken2.1 joseph Chicken Plour Mills 1909 - 19122.2 joseph Chicken Plour Mills 1913- 19182.3 Further Subdivision and Development by joseph

Chicken

1.0 Early Grants and Subdivision

HISTORY

CONTENTS

2

1fILLIAII FARRER IIILLS HERITAGE STUDY

I David Co1fuls, h Accountoft1JeU1g1isiJ ColonyiD NerSout1J '61e5; Vol1, London. 1798 '2 StndtOeldDistrictBistoriC61SocietyNeFSletler, Vol!, No 3, April 1979,p:23 IlJitl. Vol3 No~. 1981, This subdivision was made by the consortiumWilliam George PennUlgton, William Henry Mackenzie, john PiperMackenzie, Robert John King, ud Charles Wye Weeks who purchased uddeveloped the whole of the Underwood estate.

Acquired by James Underwood, the brother-in-'law of originalLiberty Plains settler Edward Powell, Meredith's grant was part ofthe extensive estate left after his. death in 1844. It remainedapparently undeveloped in the southern section of the Underwoodestate separated from the rest by the building of the railway in1855. [Fig 2] Suburban subdividision of the large land parcelscomprising the present Strathfield Municipality began in 1878with the creation of the village of Homebush north of ParramattaRoad.3 The following year, the part of the Underwood Estate southof the railway was divided into the relatively large allotmentsshown in DP 400. [Pia 3] This sub-division contained graduatedblock sizes ranging from more than an acre on the high~st point

Rosemary Broomha.

t.o Barly Grants and Subdivision

HISTORY

The lanQ. occupied by the William Parrer mill is part of 60 acresoriginally granted in 1793 to Frederick Meredith in the districtcalled Liberty Plains. (Fia 1] Having previously served on theSirius, Meredith was one of the four original settlers in theStrathfield Municipality, who were free men given land forfarming) As early as 1796 it was clear that this agriculturalexperiment was doomed to failure. Even the experienced farmers,Thomas Rose and Edward Powell did not prosper until they movedto better farming land in the Hawkesbury area. Listed in theSydney Constabulary Force of 29 December 1810" FrederickMeredith apparently left the Liberty Plains district being granted120 acres at the head of Salt Pan Creek near Bankstown in 1809,and another 60 acres on Homebush Bay in 1814. Further grants inBankstown were made to Meredith and his son on the south sideof Liverpool Road in 1831.2

IIIIIIII11

,I'IIII!I~I

I11;1

II

Rosemary Brooah••

II:II,I'I'III.1~I

III\1'

'I'I'I,\1

"II

1JILLIAM FAUER MILLS BBRITAGB STUDY

HISTORY

farthest from the railway, through a central section of lotsmeasuring 2 roods 30 perches with 100 foot frontages and quarteracre blocks to some as narrow as 50 feet.

Although some residences were built, much of the land shown inDP 400 continued to be subject to speculation and furthersubdivision. In particular, parts of the area surrounding BeresfordRoad east of the present Homebush Road were subdivided in 1889to increase the number of allotments. Now named HomebushEstate, DP 2461, dated 30 March 1889 shows a subdivision of thissection comprising part of the Underwood Estate put together withpart of an adjoining subdivision south of Beresford Road. (Fig 4]North of Beresford Road what had been 11 allotments in the firstsubdivision recorded on DP 400 was increased to 15 by formingfive cottage sites on The Crescent in place of three, creating asixth by reducing the depth of blocks facing Homebush Road. andestablis.hing an iiiegular shaped Lot 36, which, having access onlyto the railway, could only be immediately useful for industrialpurposes. The lots facing Beresford Road were also reduced. Toaccommodate these changes new lot numbers were allocatedwithin the new subdivision.

The site of the William Farrer Mill was still part of an oddlyshaped parcel of more than two acres when it was purchased fromWilliam Rigg by joseph Chicken, a flour miller from Corowa, thetransfer of ownership being registered on 10 September 1908.4(Pia 4]

4j Certificate of Title VoI17",' Fall!. Transfer No '0""62

3

WILLIAII PARRER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

2.0 Development of the Site by JOleph Chicken

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HISTORY ROle.ary Brooahalll

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'2.1 joleph Chicken Plour Mills 1909 - 1912

In 1909-10 joseph Chicken built a flour mill on part of the land hehad acquired. Given the sparse documentation available, it isimpossible to be more specific about the date of construction.5 Itappears that at least some of the mill was built in the first part of1909 as Chicken filed applications for 'Additions to Store Room'and 'Additions to Mill' on 28 October 1909 and 25 July 1910. On10 January 1911 he applied for permission to build an engineroom, the latter two alterations being made by the NewtownBuilding Company.6

Evidence that the mill began operation between late 1910 andearly 1911 is provided by the record of Joseph Chicken's purchaseof eight shares in the New South Wales ~.,iillers' Produce Companyon 11 November 1910.7 In its first four years of operation,1909-12, this company which marketed the 'offal' or unwantedmill mix of brans and po1Jar~, had 49 milling companies listed as,shareholders, 16' in the Sydney Metropolitan area. [ReferAppendix 1]

Probably constructed of timber an iron, this first Joseph ChickenFlour Mill was destroyed by fire late in 1912.

5 Although Strathfield Municipal Council commenced recording buildingapplications in August 1909, the entries in the first unnumbered volume ofthe Building Application Register contain little more than the owner'sname and address. A more detailed records system vas commenced inJanuary 1913.' .-.6 SNCBuiltUDIApplicllt.tOD Rel.lSter, earliest volume, unnumbered., NSW Millers' Produce Company Ltd, Slll.rt1 ReKisl4r, March 1909 - 1919,fo155

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WILLIAII PARRD IIILLS BDITAGB STUDY

2.2 Joseph Chicken Flour Mills 1913- 1918

S SMCBuildiDK.AppliC.uOD ReKisMJ; Vo! t 16 January 19139 Thomas RobiJlson and Sons. FJOurMiJlsOD tlJeRolJiDsoD System. n.d.. n.p.

Rosemary Broolllha.

The only other building activity registered during Chicken's periodof ownership was construction of a one room grain silo for whichthe application was registered on 29January 1917. In three yearssince the first silo was built, probably due to war-time inflation,at £2,300 the estimated price was almost double what it had beenin 1913.

HISTORY

Thus restored, a photograph of the joseph Chicken Flour Mill wasfeatured in milling engineer Thomas Robinson's pUb1ica~ion

advertising their system of steam roller mill arrangements used inBritain and exported to all parts of the world.9 (Fia 6) Viewedfrom the railway siding also built by joseph Chicken, thisphotograph shows a brick mi1:l building four storeys high in frontof an iron and timber silo and grain elevator. Other storage andtransport areas are clad in galvanised iron. Obscured by railwaywagons, the flat structure where some employees stand, isimpossible to identify accurately. The stack and the steam suggestthat it could be the engine room however this is not certain.

From early January 1913, Chicken filed several applications 'to reerect Flour Mills' on his land in Beresford Road. Evidentlyconscientious. the building supervisor ]ohn Lapish stressed thatthe re-erected mill buildings should be 'Brick only' on concretefoundations.s Even for the silo and flour store he recommended'Stone, Brick, Concrete or Reinforced Concrete in place of wood oriron' but in spite of his preference, these were rebuilt in wood andiron as before the fire. Last to be rebuilt was the engine house,coal bunker and cooling tower. Also constructed of brick, this wasapproved on 25 April 1914. The estimated value of thesebuildings was £1,400, £1,200 and £300 respectively.

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WILLIAM PARRBR MILLS BBRITAGB STUDY

6

2.3 Further Subdivision and Development by JosephChicken

to SMCBuildiDgApplicalioDRogisl8r. Voll.1913-.(t t Although Chicken applied to build cottages on these allotments. it is notknown whether he did so.

Rosemary BroomhamHISTORY

The land remaInIng i~ joseph Chicken's name comprised therailway siding. parts of Lots 1 and 36. and Lots 12.13 and 14 fromthe 1889 Subdivision. [Pig9] ihe Joseph Chicken Flour Mill and

Chicken subsequently sold what remained of Lots 1, 2 and 3. andall of Lot 36 to Marjorie Furner Ford and Thelma Mercy Fordtogether with right of passage over the railway siding. Registeredon 27 January 1917, this arrangement was presumably designedto provide passage through to The Crescent should buildingsoccupy allotments 1 and 2. 11

From 10 November 1913, joseph Chicken received Councilpermission to build six cottages on the part of his land facingHomebush Crescent,lots 1 to 6. All built to the same specificationsby Messery Bros of Strathfield, these were brick cottagescomprising five rooms (and offices) with an estimated value of£700 each. With concrete foundations, slate damp courses andand slate main roofs (subsidiary roofs were iron), these had majorwalls 11 inches thick and single brick partition walls. These wereto be approved provided the building supervisor found the BlockPlan to be satisfactory.IO To meet this requirement the easternboundary of Lot 6 was altered. [Fig 7]

On 15 September 1916 Chicken transferred a section of hisHomebush Crescent land containing most of Lots 3 to 6, dividingthese between his married daughter, Helena Mary MargaretHutchison and Bvelyn Mary Muir. The Memorandum of TransferNo A270 129 refers only to Hutchison. but both women are namedon transfer notes attached to er Vol 1745 Fol 11, and on the planattached to er Vol2732 Fo139. [Pig 8]

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the remainder of Chicken's land were sold to jonathon, William,Thomas Herbert, Harry Gordon, and Clarence james Rowe jackettin 1919. Trading as jackett Bros. Strathfield, the brotherscontinued the mill operation, purchasing 14 shares in the NSWMillers' Produce Co Ltd on 12 August 1919. Somewhat belatedly,joseph Chicken applied to have his shares refunded on 20September of the same year, 'he having relinquished the businessof milling at Homebush'.t 2 He did however, continue to hold aninterest in the mill having taken a mortgage back from the fivejackett Brothers in about December 1918 (Mortgage A262S6).

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HISTORY Rosemary Broomham

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12 NSW Millers' Produce Co Ltd Share Register. Only mill owners could beshareholders in this company. Where Chicken's business letterhead calledthe mill's location Homebush. the Jackett Brothers referred to it asStrathfield.

7

Rosemary Broomham

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HISTORY

3.0 Development of the Site by jacketts

3.1 jackett Bros.• jackett Bros Ltd. jacketts Pty LtdOwnership 1918 - 1944 (7)

No building applications were registered for the mill between1918 when the partnership of five jackett Bros owned it. On 12July 1922 ownership was transferred (on three separate titles astennants in common) to Thomas Herbert jackett, Harry Gordonjackett and Clarence james Rowe jackett, all Adelaide millers,three of whom had belonged to the consortium which purchasedthe mill from joseph Chicken. 13 Both described as Adelaidemerchants, the other two members of the first partnership,jonathon and William jackett held mortgages on the property until1927 when it was transferred to the Commercial BankingCompany.

On 26 November 1929, jackett Brothers partnership was changedto a limited company. The ownership of the land being transferredaccordingly, from that date the company was known as jackettBrothers Limited.H According to verbal reports, at about thattime, the jackett Brothers lost money on :wheat speculation. Thereare also rumours that it was in 1930 that the partnership wastaken over by Mungo Soott. However, from the scanty evidenceavailable it would appear that capital was provided by 'goingpublic'. It could be that some shares were purchased by MungoSoott, a flour milling business which moved from Sussex StreetSydney to its present site at Summer Hill in about 1922, havingformed a new company after liquidaiion of the old in 1920,15

13 CTs Vo13337 Folios 75. 76 and 7714 Transfer No B99286015 Comments about Jackett Brothers losing money in about 1930 were madeby Geoff McCorquodale. now working for the NSW Flour Millers' Council.previously involved in McCorquodale Bras which had mitts in Sussex Street.Sydney. and in Parramatta, and from Alan Kell. referring to hisconversations with Gordon Jackett.

8

9


16 Transfer No C43887217 Letter. Mr P. Breden to Mr R.B. Kell. 7 February 1989

The date when Mungo Scott established a controlling interest inJacketts Pty Ltd is unclear. Although the official date of thetransfer registering Mungo Soott as proprietor of the land inBeresford Street Strathfield is 16 December 1963. it is clear fromthe accessible records that Mungo Scott was at least heavilyinvolved in the business before that time.


On 21 May 1936 Jackett Brothers Limited became JackettsPropriety Limited. 16 This change was noted in the NSW Millers'Produce Company 10 June 1936 when the 23 shares held byJackett Brothers Ltd were transferred to be credited to the newname. A later reference in the Millers' Produce Company'scorrespondence file gives 14 April 1936 as the date ofincorporation for Jacketts.

Information provided by Goodman Fielder Mills' General ManagerMr P. Breden states that 'jacketts mill was purchased by AlliedMills (Mungo Scott) of Summer Hill at around the year of 1948'.17

The fact that Mr Breden's sources date the change of name toWilliam Farrer Mills as also occurring in 1948 (when this wasregistered in 1953) throws doubt on the accuracy of the dategiven. Personal comment by Alan Beattie who worked on theWilliam Farrer site for Thomas Robinson and Sons places thechange of ownership 'at about the end of the war'. Further. thereis a curious entry in the Strathfield Council's Building ApplicationRegister which indicates that the date of takeover was earlier than1948. On 1 February 1944. an application for additions onexisting foundations records as owners Jacketts Pty Ltd, cloMungo Scott Pty Ltd. Smith Street Summer Hill. This is the onlyentry which gives such a specific ownership and address but it isalso notable that all building applications for 1944 give HarvieMoffat Co Pty Ltd of PiU Street as the builders. Prior to 1944Jacketts had always used local builders. usuaHy M.C. Groat ofPatterson Street Concord.

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18 Personal comment Alan Beattie op. tit.19 Collection of Thomas Robinson plans for Jacktetts/William Farrer Mills20 Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name No440068, RegistrarGeneral's Department, in NSW Millers' Produce Co Ltd correspondence file.

The only definite conclusion that can be made is that Jacketts PtyLtd was either dominated or completely taken over by MungoScott in 1944. The registered name of the mill was changed toWilliam Farrer Pty Ltd on 26 OCtober 1953.20 It should be notedthat there is no particular connection between Wi1liam Farrer whoreleased the rust resistant wheat variety 'Federation' on 1901 andthe registered name Wi1liam Farrer Pty Ltd.

The most important piece of evidence supporting a change ofownership in 1944 is the extensive refurbishing of the mill fromthe beginning of that year. If all bUild~n~ applie,ct for was actuallyundertaken. the mill was improved by investment of an estimatedsum of £5,326 in that year alone. When this is consideredtogether with a rumour that ]acketts had been redundant duringthe war period,t8 it does seem likely that the takeover occurredat that time.


The large number of Thomas Robinson plans dating from 1945offers further proof of updating in the early post-war period.[Refer to complete list of Plans, AppendiI 2] Although there isno suggestion that these plans are truly representative. those that'do re main point to a modernisation of spouting and conveyorsystems, and updating of elevators between 1945 and 1948.Three plans of 'Trunking... for DIe System' drawn in October 1947suggest that it was at this time that the mill was changed fromsteam power to electric motor.t9

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3.2 Jacketts: On Site Changes 1918 - 19-4-4

It seems likely that the application to build a brick addition of fiverooms with concrete foundations, estimated value £800, dated 31October 1922 refers to the major extension of the main millbuilding. The most substantial alteration made since josephChicken's time, this comprised a four storey addition to the frontof the building which can be most readily detected by comparisonof the photograph dating ca. 1914 [Fig 6] and an aerialphotograph of the site 1976. [Fig 10] Where the earlierphotograph shows a total of six windows along the side of thebuilding, the aerial shows two additional windows between thoseand the street. There is also a noticeable difference between thefront and rear sections of the roof. Further evidence that somechange has been made to this building is provided by thealteration in the colour of the brickwork above the name printedon the facade.

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Minor additions in 1923 were a garage with iron walls and roof on .brick foundation, value £75 (application made on 20 February)and, after approval on 30 October 1923, a small shed to storepetrol built of brick on brick foundations and with an iron roof.

On 27 November 1923 Jacketts made application for anotherextension to the mil1. This was an addition of two floors to beconstructed with a brick facade and brick partition walls but theother walls, and the roof, were to be iron. This descriptionmatches the section of the present building and the railway siding.

The application for another -major addition was lodged on 5August 1924. From the description it would appear that thisrefers to the section added to the western side of the large 1923addition. This wing, three storeys high has a brick facadedesigned to match the main mill building. Partition walls are alsobrick but the rest of the walls are iron.

11

12

WILLIAM FARRBR MILLS HERITAGB STUDY

Jackett Brothers applied for permission to build and additionalstore room on 17 November 1931. With an estimated value of£400. this was a relatively substantial addition which cannot beidentified with any certainty, although the storage section,adjoining the railway siding at the point furthest from BeresfordStreet just before the skillion workshop area appears to be a lateraddition.

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-f. 1 Ownership 1944 - 1988

4.0 Development of Site by Mungo SoottlAllied Mills1944 - 1988

The confusion of ownership in this period and beyond it has beendicussed in section 3.1 of this report. The mill's registered namewas changed to William Farrer Pty Ltd on 26 October 195321 butMungo Scott Pty Ltd was not recorded as proprietor of the landuntil 16 December 1963.22 Some time between 1944 and 1963,Mungo Scott was taken over by Allied Mills Ltd. That that changeof ownership was general knowledge is indicated by a letter to theMillers' Produce Company on WiUiam Farrer's behalf throughAllied Mills Ltd on 26 April and another from Allied Mills on 5August 1960, stating that the three companies transferringshares, Mungo Scott, William Farrer, and Keys and Company, were'wholly owned subsidiaries of Allied Mi1!s Limited'.


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William Farrer Pty Ltd purchased the neighbouring cottage onBeresford Road on 24 January 1956.23 This was one of threeallotments created by the subdivision on 8 July 1925 of what hadbeen Lots 18, 19, and 20 on DP 400 into one large allotment (2r101/4 p) and two cottage lots (301/4p),24 creating the presentlandholding. [Pigs 11 " 12]

Recently, in about 1984, Allied Mills was taken over by GoodmanFielder Mills Limited.2.5 Strathfield (Freehold) Pty Limited, thepresent owners of William Farrer Mills purchased the site forredevelopment and were registered as the proprietors on 13December 1988.26

21 Certificate No-l40068 already cited in section 3.1 of this report.22 Transfer No .153497623 CT Vol 3734 Fo1207, Transfer No G44902624 Land TiUes Office Subvision Plan 823297325 Personal comment, Mr Geoff McCorquodale, op. tit.26 Transfer No X974409

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4.2 Jacketts Pty Ltd: On Site Changes 1944 - 1953

27 Site visit "With Mr Alan Ke11 of Ke11 and Rigby, 28 February 1989


Furnishing further evidence of major changes to the site beforethe mill was renamed, are two drawings held by Thomas Robinsonand Sons, which indicate a complete redesign in the early 1950s.

The concrete floors are restricted to ground level where there isalso evidence of buttressing of the original hewn hardwoodsupports. Above ground level, flour mill floors are exclusivelytimber to allow access to the numerous shoots which tranfers theWheat/flour through the four or five breaks in the refiningprocess. These are subject to frequent changes in location duringthe evolution of the mill's design. Particularly in the storage areasadjacent to the railway siding, some of the timber floors abovegrtlund level have been strengthened by runnIng a sectlnd layer t)f

boards in another direction across the first. But it is not knownwhen these alterations occurred.27 It is possible that the singleroom timber/iron addition refers to the skillion roofed sectionwhich appears to have been most recently used as a workshop.

The extensive remodelling referred to by Goodman Fielder Mills'General Manager Mr P. Breden is recorded in the form of buildingapplications made on 4 January, 1 February and 10 October 1944.These nominate a concrete wheat hopper, estimated value £ 1750,alteratIons within the existing structure, esiimated value £2430,and an unspecified addition of one room built of timber and iron,estimated value £ 1146. In 1945 a relatively inexpensive cartdock was approved for the southern side of the building towardsthe rear. The site of the concrete wheat hopper is not apparentbut there is clear evidence of the additions on existing foundationswhich were described as .... mainly alterations to existing floors,relaying in concrete etc and remodelling lavatories'. Except for thecart dock which was built by Jones Bros of Carlton CrescentSummer Hill, all these alterations were constructed by HarvieMoffat Pty Ltd of PiU Street Sydney.

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An application was made on 13 October 1953 for brick 'factoryadditions' to the site. With an estimated value of £5,000, thesewere to be built by ]. Baird of 45 Berry Street Neutral Bay.

Application to build the group of six 'slip-formed' reinforcedconcrete silos was registered on 28 November 1950 but thebuilders, mill engineers Thomas Robinson and Sons estimatedtheir completion date to be 1952. Their estimated value wasgiven as £ 18,000.

Drawing No 51/100, 'Proposed Rearrangement of Plant to produce30 X 200lb sks. Flour per hour @ 76% extraction - 13.25% moisturecontent from F.A.Q. wheat', was followed by No 52/100 in thefollowing year. [Refer AppendiI 2 for complete list of ThomasRobinson plans, AppendiI 3 for tables printed on top rightcorner of Nos 51/100 and 52/100]


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28 Ibid


4.3 William Farrer Pty Ltd: On Site Changes 1953 -1988

Since selling the William Farrer Mill site. Goodman Fielder haveremoved the bulk storage bins constructed outside the buildingstructure in 1974 [refer Fig 10, 1976 Aerial) as well as aconsiderable amount of the mill machinery. Machinery leftbehind is now redundant.


The first change to the mill buildings after the change of name toWilliam Farrer was an application for Kell and Rigby, RailwayCrescent, Burwood to Construct condioning bins of laminatedtimber and iron. at an estimated value of £4,950. Thesealterations were all carried out within the existing structure. andaccording to Mr Alan Kell who worked on the site at that time,they were repairs to fill gaps caused by the shrinkage natural insuch structures over time. and additions to existing bins.28

Site changes after 1957 are recorded on the index card systemwhich has relaced the book entries in Strathfield Council's BuildingApplication Register. Listed in the index are applications for; aninternal alteration and enclosed verandah dated 11 July 1961;additions to the boiler house 8 December 1964; an awning 17April 1974; and bulk storage bins 16 August 1974. Thealterations which include enclosing a verandah probably apply tothe cottage property which was acquired in 1956. These plans arestill extant.

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5.1 Significance to the History of Strathfield

2~ This created lot 36 which, having no street access, was apparenUycreated for industrial development.30 Royal Commission on Constitution of a Greater Sydney, Report, P,R 1913,p. 199. quoted in F. A. Larcombe. Local(Jovernmentin lVSJIT, 19Q6 to t1JePresent, SUP, 1978, p. 185

Rosemary Broomham

As late as 1913, Strathfield's own mayor, Benjamin Gellingdescribed his municipality as a 'distant and relativelyundeveloped suburb'.30 His opinion is supported by populationfigures which remained low even after Strathfield's enlargementin by inclusion of Flemington in1892, being 1820 in 1891, 2,991in 1901 and still only 4,046 in 1911. (Comparative populationfigures for Ashfield were 11,697; 14:329; and 20,431.) It followsthat industrial development in Strathfield was likely to be modest,even before it was restricted by the 1920 ordinance, since thepopulation was small and its location was so distant in terms of

5.0 Historical Signific~nce

HISTORY

The nature of the 1889 subdivision of 'The Homebush Estate'29and the establishment of a flour mill on part of that subdivisionin1909, raise questions about the much repeated contention thatStrathfield was designed and developed exclusively as an elitearea where manufacturing was never seriously pursued.Emphasis on the 'country estate' theme in Strathfield'sdevelopment derives from dependence on a narrow range ofsources, several of which, Real Estate advertisements, The.Echo, 18September 1890, Harris' Where to live: ABCGuide to Sydney IU1dSuburbs. 1918 had a vested interest in promoting this trend. Itpays little attention to the implications of Strathfield's relativelylate settlement. While the Redmyre subdivision undoubtedlycreated large allotments, subdivision of the southern part of theUnderwood Estate in 1879, created for that area, an overwhelmingmajority of modest housing blocks. Further, like that of otherSydney suburbs, Strathfield's land was subjected to a great deal oflater resubdivision of its originally generous allotments.,

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transport available before the Great War. just as the presence ofthe railway did not encourage large numbers of working men tosettle there because the timetable did not answer their needs. soneither could the railway alone overcome the manufacturers' needfor sufficient customers within the ten mile radius dictated by thelimits of horse-drawn delivery.

However, although and underpopulated and possibly because itwas remote. Strathfield did support a timber industry. a tanneryand a boiling down works in the early 19th century. In lateryears the cattle yards which became the central sale point forSydney. built in the 1870s at Homebush railway station, wereexpanded and used until 1967. Now the site of the Sydney FarmProduce Marketing Authority Markets this still could be said to bean 'industrial site'. When the principal industries listed for the1890s, john Morrison's Railway Carriage Factory, and thebrickyards are added to the list, (at a time when the populationwas little more than 1800) Strathfield's industrial developmentlooks more substantial than either Michael jones' Oasis in the


Extant histories of Strathfield also fail to take account of thenature of industrial development prior to the 1920s. This tend~d

to be localised. Especially in districts remote as Strathfield wasfrom the city itself, suburbs were usually equipped with sufficientindustry to be self-supporting on a loca1leve1. Thus blacksmiths.wheelwrights and farriers. seed merchants and feed stores,brickworks. timber merchants and carriage makers, ~rdial

makers and bakers, would be common in almost every suburb.Nor wa~ ~his type of development necessarily regarded as a threatto the quality of the neighbourhood in the latter years of the 19thcentury. Partly because of the small acreages required for 19thcentury industries and partly because of the accident of landpurchase and lack of restrictive planning policies. it was quitecommon for suburban manufacturing premises and Victorianvillas to be close neighbours. In local newspapers, both signs ofprogress were routinely reported with pride.

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West, or the recently completed 1988 Heritage Study suggest.Furthermore. so keen were they to light their streets in their firstyears of incorporation. Strathfield's Council were not averse to theidea of building and operating a municipal gasworks.3 1

31 Larcombe op.cit., p. 24532 See comments on the relative power of the three vards created in 1892,Michael jones, 08sisiLl t.I1e lFes/, p. 3833 Michael jones, op. cit., pp.39-40. Itis important to note that while jonesexpresses this opinion in his discussion of the abattoir question, his historyis nevertheless dominated by the experiences and opinions of 'the AlbertRoad clique',34 Michael Fox and Associates, Heritage Study, 1988, p. 52

Rosemary Broomham

It follows that rather than being 'one of the unsympatheticintrusions on large allotments with well designed Victorian andEdwardian housing, mature gardens and mature. uniform streetplanting'.34 the flour mill now called William Farrer was a naturalpart of pre-world war suburban development. Moving fromCorrowa. joseph Chicken presumably bought the land in BeresfordRoad because it was available at a price that he could afford. andit offered direct access to the railway. He then proceeded to carryout his trade of miller. and to further improve his financialinvestment by resubdivision of the land not needed by the millfor cottage development and resale..

HISTORY

In the light of this evidence. rather than demonstrating the entiremunicipality's desire to prevent industrial development. the rowover placement over the abattoirs. 1891 - 1906. illustrates aconflict of interests between the affluent few known as the 'AlbertRoad clique' and more numerous lower socio-economic groupsresident in Flemington and Homebush.32 Although the wealthiercitizens 'strenuously objected' to the lowering of property valuesand the attraction to less desirable residents that would result. thefact remains that 'the majority opinion in the Strathfield Homebush - Flemington region probably favoured ... the increasedemployment opportunities' offered by the abattoir.33


WILLIAM PARRBR MILLS HBRITAOB STUDY

20

The most significant point about the existence of this mill inBeresford Road is that it indicates the need for a reassessment ofStrathfield's industrial heritage, and reinforces the seldomexpressed possibility that Strathfield is more than a collection of'well designed Victorian and Edwardian housing'.

Land development of this kind was common in all parts of Sydneyand certainly in Strathfield, where many houses were built 'onspec' in the first two decades of this century. The Council'sBuilding Application Register notes several groups of such cottageserected in this area alone, some by builders like j. Dodson & Sons(7 Brick cottages 1912, including 1 in Homebush Road, 2 inBeresford Street), and jones and Evans (5 brick cottages on 40foot frontages); some by non-builder speculators like S. Garratwho employed Hoken to build 3 cottages in Beresford Street in1915, and some by owner builders like William Mitchell whoconstructed two semi-detached cottages in Beresford Street in1916.


Although there are other flour mills in and around the StrathfieldMunicipality, the siting of joseph Chicken's mill, while in keepingwith the type of industrial activity carried on in Sydney's suburbs,is not particularly representative. The other Strathfield flourmill established by N, B. Love was later and just as individual anenterprise as joseph Chicken's, while Pearce's Mill in neighbouringHomebush, contemporary with Chicken's, represents expansion oflarge milling companies from the city, rather than movement fromthe country by individual millers. Nor did ]oseph Chicken's millprovide employment for a large number of men. By design, flourmills required few operators, even before the introduction of bulkhandling reduced the more labour intensive business of shiftingbagged wheat and flour at either end of the process.

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5.2 Place in Development of Flour Milling Technology

joseph Chicken's flour mill was a steam powered roller millemploying a technology introduced to this country in SouthAustralia in 1879, and used elsewhere in Australia from the early18805',35 Founded in England in 1838, and established inAustralia in 1883, milling engineers Thomas Robinson and Son,designed the particular arrangement of the millin~ and siftingprocesses employed in the mill in Beresford Road, and providedthe equipment. Hence the inclusion of joseph Chicken's Flour Millsin their book, Flour M.Jlls on The Hobinson ProceSs.36 ThomasRobinson continued to supply this mill's machinery and designthrough all its working life. There is however, little differencebetween the technology employed by 'The Robinson Process' andthat offered by other other milling engineers.37 .

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Throughout its history flour milling has been a process ofreduction and sifting to attain the finest possible state of divisionof the grain. This was first achieved by grinding wheat betweenmill stones driven by man or animal power. wind or water. Latersteam was used as the motive power. The 19th centurydevelopment of steel roller technology made a radical change tomilling practice, By scraping the grain rather than crushing it, andsqueezing it through a series of rollers, roller milling differsgreatly from the shearing effect of the mill stones. The multiplepasses through rollers and seives of decreasing guage ensureremoval of most impurities leaving far less bran and pollard in thefinal flour fraction. As well as bei1!g more economic and morereadily adaptable to different varieties of wheat, roller millinggreatly improved the baking properties of flour.3S

35 Luke Goodwin, 'The Life and Death of a. Flour Mill: McCrossin's MillUralla.', ASHAJour.J1a1, Vol1, 1985, p. 683~ There is no indication of the date of this publication which is a. series ofphotographs of flour mills all over the world.37 Personal comment, Tony Heesh, Thomas Robinson and Sons38 Gilbert Caley, 'F1ourmil1ing in New South Wales', unpublished paper,Macquarie University, 1978

21


The New South Wales mills listed in Table 1 probably representthe companies which either survived the change to roller milling,or which entered the trade after its introduction.

39 a.J,R. tinge, IndustrialAwaKeni.t1g:sgeographyofAustralianMa.nu18cturing 1788 -1890, ANU, 1979, pp. 320 -30, quoted in Luke Goodwin,op. cit.40 G.J,R. Linge. IndustrialA waKeni.t1g: 8 geographyofAustralianMa.nu18cturing 1788 -189tJ, ANU, 1979, pp 524 - 538 and p. 609

While demand for roller produced flour was quickly established,the prohibitive cost of equipping existing mills with the newtechnology meant that 'only big mills in the main cities displayedsignificant improvement in tonnage per unit capital invested'.39As a result, the introduction of roller milling in the 1880scoincided with the closure of a number of country mills in mostparts of Australia. The disappearance of small country mills,built in the wheat growing areas where the grain was in the bestpossible condition, was particularly marked in South Australiawhere of the 113 mills in existence in 1878, only 81 remained by1890.40 At the same time larger milling companies, many citybased, gained more control of the industry.


Since joseph Chicken's reasons for leaving Corrowa are not known,it is not possible to judge whether his moving was connected withthe changeover to the new technology but the siting of his mil! onthe railway close to the city suggests that he wished to be closer tothe export markets. Certainly the small population of Strathfieldwould be unlikely to provide a market for any but a smallproportion of his flour. In 1909 - 12, of the 49 shareholders inthe New South Wales Millers' Produce Company which marketedthe brans and pollards left after the milling process, there were 16millers in the Sydney metropolitan area. Most of these wereclustered around Darling Harbour presumably t<;l facilitate theexport of their surplus production but there were some insuburban locations similar to that chosen by Chicken.

IIIIIIIIII•,IIIIIIIIII

22

WILLIAM llARRRR MILLS IIRRITAOH STUDY

Sydney shJUeholders rv.ith other 81.ills .in Ner South IYlI1es

23

41 The mills listed do not necessarily represent all the mills in New SouthWales, but they would comprise the majority .

PaiiamattaHomebush

YassBathurstTemoraInverell

UltimoSydneySydneyNewtownPyrmontSydneyHomebushUltimoSydneyNewtownPyrmontSydneySydneySydney

Rosemary Broomham

Beresford Road

Crown Road77 King StreetGladstone StreetAllen StreetBathurst StreetSussex StreetSussex Street

Crago BrosF. Crago and SonsGillespie (& Pardy]Gillespie [McIntosh & Howard]

McCorquodaie BrosJoseph Chicken

HISTORY

From about 1896 the export trade supported many mills whichsent flour out to coastal settlements on the intercolonial ships, aswell as supplying markets in China, Malaysia. Borneo, parts ofIndonesia, the Pacific islands and the United Kingdom. They alsocatered for the ships' stores in passenger vessels. In New SouthWales, the exodus of country mills (so marked in other states)

A dd.it.iona.!Sydney shareholders ./910

(ReJer to Append.i.r ./ for the full list of New South Walesshareholders io the years 1.90.9 -1912, andothers /or1930' 195.J,1964; and1988]

TI/ble ./: Sydney shareholders .in the NSW M:J1'/ers'Produce Company, 1909 41

Edmund G. AitkenWaIter T. BruntonDaniel CadwalladerFrancis A. CragoGeorge A. DaveyRobert W. GillespieJames PearceAitken BrosBrunton and CoF. Crago & Sons LtdE. Davey & SonsGillespie Bros & CoMcCorquodale BrosMungo Scott Ltd

IIIIIIIIII

I

IIIIIIIIII

24


42 Personal comment Geoff McCorquodale, NSW Flour Millers' Council,Linge, op.cit., pp. 535-643 Cutting from TiJeMaster./JaKerofAostralasia.151uly 1935, p.79 in theStrathfield Scrapbook, SML

was somewhat tempered by a railway rebate, which from 1888,offset the cost of running flour to Sydney allowing country millersto compete with those in the city.42 The lists of Millers' ProduceCompany shareholders show a continuation of a similar proportionof country and city members in 1930. LRe/er Appeod.i.r .la 1

Rosemary Broomham

Flour export peaked in the years immediately after World War 2.At that time New South Wales mills calculated their markets asone third for local markets and two thirds for export.Undermilled for its population until well into the 1960s, theUnited Kingdom was a major customer, along with war tornEurope which had to reb uild its own mills. However there wassignificant reduction in export markets throughout the 1950s asthe European mills were restored, and the emerging Asian nationsbegan to build their own. These ~hanges resulted in a sharpreduction in New South Wales Flour Mills from 52 in 1951 to 35 in1964. [Appeod.i.r .IIJ JlDd .le) In other states the decimation ofthe industry was even greater as the proportion of export marketsfor Australian flour halved.

HISTORY

The only other flour mill in the Strathfield Municipality in the1920s and 1930s was N. B. Love Limited founded and largelyfinanced by Nigel Love, a World War I air ace who, havingmarried Edwin Davey's daughter, retired from commercial flyingin1923 to enter the milling business with Edwin Davey and Sons.N. B. Love Limited registered in January 1935 and built its mill ona three acre site. With frontages on Liverpool Road and therailway, the land was purchased from the Railway Commissioners.Designed by mill engineer, J. N. Mitchell, this plant usedequipment purchased from Buhler Bros of SWitierland, acompetitor of Thomas Robinson and Sons.43 Having diversifiedsuccessfully, N. B. Love Ltd has survived.

IIIIIIIIII

IIIII.II,

III'I'.


25

It would seem that the Mungo Scott takeover of ]acketts Pty Ltdoccurred before the effect of the shrinking overseas market couldbe felt. But the refurbishing of the mill. and its renaming asWilliam Farrer Pty Ltd does reflect the rehabilition processoccurring throughout the Australian milling industry whichresulted in the formation of larger companies for increased costeffectiveness.

Since the abrupt changes of the 19s0s, the rationalisation of theflour milling industry has continued, exhibiting another surge ofactivity since the severe inflation of the 1970s. The takeovers ofAllied Mills, and Goodman Fielder, and the closing of WilliamFarrer Pty Ltd are indicative of this continuing trend. In April1988 there were 17 New South Wales flour mills left, and anotherhas since closed. [.Refer Appeod.i.r.ldl


IIIII.t.I:

II'II:1IIIIIIIIII

IIII{I

IIIII

••IIIIIIIIII



6.0 Plans and Photographs

I

YILLIAM PAUER MILLS HERITAGE STUDYII HISTORY Rosemary Broomham

1810

JAI1ES WILSHIRE1'111808

WlLSHIRE FARM

,,'/'

//

//

'",/I

II

I/

/,I

I/

CIRCA

Sl )A.US CIfJRCH &LIBE

30 6 II1l

WlWAH R!BEATS

" 1137

IIL .,

I

r----- JI

'- - - -- - - - ---

\.\,

",

,

--------------------t' ---- II\\,

SOLD to_J H paTTS

)" 1141

ReferencesMAPS~ PARISH Of CCN(R() Sh.UI.&.

PARISH Of lIBERfY P'l..A1HS

PARISH o~ BAHKSTl:7tI,i Sh 2

I DEPARTMENT Of UHOSI

Land Grants in Strathfield Municipality circa 1810Strathfield Heritage Study. FOI and Associates. 1988

~~~~IS(Y 1206,.,6,

IIII

I,II,II

,/

"/,,/

//

,/,-,/

I O'ARCY/ WENTWORTH

/ 1·1-1810/

II

, ," ",,

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\,..... H Cl lXJUjlJ,5

I 6 j .33

I

I,,,III

Fig 1

II

I,

I

I:

II

I,

I

II

I

I

II

I

WILLIAM FAIlIER MILLS IlUITAGE STUDY

1875

Rose••ry Broo.h••

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

I ......',I ,I ,I ,

I "I ,

I "I II /I /I ,I I

1 ---~;;-~Jl-flYSIUH ESTA~E'L_ - - n~ 1882,,//

r-----~ 11I ~ ~~~[ ,1=_ _ _

ReferenC6:- D£POSI'EO I'\N6CLANDS

TIlLfS OFRCfI

• S~ISlOW PIS.FLEt"INGTtJIl UIfITCHEU

L15RAR'fl

-, ,

II

II

II

II

II

Pig 2 Subdivisions in Strathfield Municipality circa .187SStrathfield Heritage Study. POI and Associates. 1988

"'\\\\\\

\,,/~ r.r, '\

,~~ r. \u L.- ~E8USH VIlLAGE \

\

\

HISTORY

-....----..-,~---

II'IIIIIIII

••

IIIIIIIIII

WILLIAM FADER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

Pig 3 Section 1 of DP 400: Part of Underwood Estate at HomebushLand Titles Office

IIIII

HISTORY Rosemary Broo81ham

I

\'2. ." 114.- \5 lIDI~ •

I. R4

50G

!l ~b :;5 34- 33 ~7. 3\ 3040 1'3 '?l~

I m.

I" ea·

,I,

,I~ \'2. \~ \4- \t; \" n \£, e\0 \\

13·

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I·,5' 1.5\/ \0·

's· ea\G\~ \4- \5

9 \0 \\ \"2.

II ea. 'lr.1.hf-

l:i t.:~p.Q.

Igon

1.~ 1:1 'l~ c.S

I·~ ea.. -=. __ '5'Rq" . .'

"ILLIAM PARKER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

Pig of Copy of DP 2461: Homebush Estate, Stratbfield. 30 March 1889Land Titles Office

ROlemary Brooaham

--1

IIII~

IIIII tI~I~

IIII

/~I ~

~'s.

I~l:l

IIIII

II

HISTORY

IIIIIIIIII'I

IIIII:IIIII

WILLIAM FARRER MILLS BElUTAGE STUDY

PiB ~ Plan attached to er Vol174S Folll. 18 December 1906Land Titles Office

36

( I! P

t: l: I3A.

IIIII'IIII'I••IIIIIIIIII

HISTORY Rosem.ary BroolDham.

WILLIAM FARRER MILLS HBRITAGE STUDY

Pia 6 Photograph of Joseph Chicken's MiJl circa 1914Flour MiJls on the Robinson System


HISTORY

FLOUR MILLS ON"THE ROBINSON SYSTEM."

Rosemary Broomham

JOSEPH CHICKEN, STRATHFIELD,SYDNEY, (N.S.W.)

..Plan A- In ,-\2.7011.9

- __ --=---:!!f

_.-.------------------------~

..__CIU_t'mG_2_~_._I:_.._:_~;..:_t__j

i f .P. 104.549I ..

Rosemary Broo.ham

Coun Iy. of Cum,?er/and

PlarL•

I P-rQM"r~..,.rcJwJl;ddciRyclc u--..«I surleyorlf'«'illf',--"«1 <Ildrh.

~""".-tyAe1 Jo MrcIIy""-"y_ .,;,~ dt:d6"- -N" ;,. ,".._".....~-"-_hI .h_,. .", 4ir P1In..,. COIY'CCt,.... the~ J IIt4. ••,'dAcI.".".".,.It. Ut~!"Un"";"" I"",,,';~ '-d. MtO/r the _ rYI4fa /yrf:-~_

_ Jor- ..<Id 1,....1<. hi•.J_</1"'/__ ->.oen",Outo/ bJte,(,~.",...".htrva _d by .",-,." ...,,,,. A-o...,.,..". of .s. 0ItI.t;Aek ISOO.

.ofpari of 101 6. D. P If.' 746/

¥lI.RUip~ of Homebusft,

ParJ~h of Concord

-,I

. '01--- ..

N

!0) ~. Is~ _--"--

,32 -J;t~

~ Jr;' I" ~.~"' . ;'I .... Q r·I. ..

2 G' I ;:,,. .'--- <')

I~

10 111- ~.

f 15()1A.8~'''''''''.''1~ -1---·-'

WILLIAM FAUER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

HISTORY

Fig 7 Plan of part of lot 6 DP No 2461. Municipality of Homebush.19 June 1916Land Titles Office

II'I

IIIII

Fig 3 Plan attached to er Vo12732 Fo139.Residue after Transfer No A270129. 27 January 1917Land Titles Office

I'Z

/

Rosemary Broomham

13/4

36.

BereSTord

WILLIAM FARItER. MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

HISTORY

I

IIII,IIIIII!II'IIIIIIII

WILLIAM'PARRER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

Pig 9 Plan attached to er Vol287S Foll21, 13 September 1918Land Titles Office

IIIIIIII'III.'IIIIII,

IIII

HISTORY

6

11

---r.~

"i

5 .4 3 2

a:ro".

36

Rosemary Broomham

-,.,......

J.




Fig 10 Aerial Photograph, William Farrer Mill. 1976m1n


Fig 11 Plan, Subdivision of Lots 18,19 & 20 Sec 1, DP400.8 July 1925 Land Titles Office

"

Rosemary Broomham

''''''~

"...

.....~ ' .....-'- -"•.•...... ,~...... '

"'~"

·..·.,it'.'"

z

I

,..,··'r· .....·I·',·······~·

SC'!lle :..to Fe B t to an Inch.

HISTORY

' ..

~ --: ..""-:,

,i~. ..~.

~

\,G?""'j#'.....g;,~ ,,1.

e\'~.Daru", IIn' of Az/III.,k A.'.

'-SU

."

."

I

I, V~

'.'.

: \/..•.•'.


I WILLIAM PARRER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

II

HISTORY

Pig 12 Plan, DP 70355, 3 JUly 1984Land Titles Office

Rosemary Broomham

..-l§:.~

O\,AGRAMc... ."-lar'TlO SCAu::.

o p

~): ~~"'UlT" !'Q1I.Ol\O<o.J.AGt:o..,,~ N'IXCRv<-Tn:> ea>'"TlOA'Cf'D\. e. 2."!>?:'n3. .

(&): SU="J'IOloJ~= >.I", 3"'J01. (ur...~ ... e.o"""JOS)(C): f,Il&....UJT R:>"- <:u..c:'I"1'.''''''fY ~""PO~ <!,c.~ w,~

c:u.o.~ !;)' _:!IF!.'I\ "'eoc;,~7!5.L£O$\;

\.0): RIG>tT 01'" WAY "',,"0 """'''''''''''>.IT "O~ I!l.LCTftIC''7"~,.,~ "''''0 I·aa WIDE C....E....=O e.y I-e...sE'l'$l • ,.~f'"",,- >.I~1'5.

lE): 1I..IGIIT0f' '01"'" Clle.A,.~ eo."~F~A~"2.77

F) ~~~~~~~~I~~~%~y~fI..(G) E:A.~~'~ 'DRAINA.GE. 'Z'SWI01:- ~VAR.(H) EASE.N\'iLN\" \"OR e.l.EC>RICI'Y S WIDe.eJJ ;op,sEME.NT l-OR SE.RV~ 1,5WIDE..VJ'IRI~\l<.) af.MEF'TIU> It( IUG,HT ~ w,,~..q'2.'7

~~~-----~~~-----------------~---------------(~~~~~S=l--~~---

I


Appt!Ddiz ./: S.lJIIrt1.IJo.ldt!rs iD l.I1e IS., .IIi.l.lers· Product! CD.p~Y../909 -=-7~ - ~-__~ ------··--:=c_=-....:.=-= __-

I

I

UltimoSydney__SydneyNewtownPyrmontSydneyHomebushUltimoSydneyNewtownPyrmontSydneySydneyNewcastleSydneyHomebushTamworthInverel1Qui.rindiGunnedahTamworthGlen InnesManillaWaggaMurrumburrahYassGoulburnCootamundraTemoraWagga WaggaYoungBathurstGrenfellMolongDubboNarromineWellingtonBathurstMilthorpeMudgeeNarrandra&jerilderie

ParramattaGilgandraHomebush

Rosemary Broomham

Crown Road77 King StreetGladstone StreetAlIen StreetBathurst StreetSussex Street

Sussex Street

Beresford Road

6.1 .AppendiIes

HISTORY

Edmund G. AitkenWalter T. BruntonDaniel CadwalladerFrancis A. CragoGeorge A. DaveyRobert W. Gillespiejames PearceAitken BrosBrunton and CoF. Crago &: Sons LtdE. Davey &: SonsGillespie Bros &: CoMcCorquodale BrosCharles 1. McIntyreMungo Scott Ltdjames PearceFielder &: SonsGillespie McIntosh &HowardMcIntyre &SonsN. W. Milling Co LtdCharles ReganUtz&Co LtdManilla Milling &; Co Ltdjno. P. AdkinsThomas AllsoppCraeo BrosWilHam Conolly LtdStratton &: SonsGillespie &: PardyMurrumbidgee Coop Milling Co LtdYoung CoopFrancis Crago and SonsBlack & SonsBlack &SonsDubbo CoopEdward Charles HadleyMcLeod Co LtdTremain BrosG. W. Milling Co LtdWestern Flour milling Co LtdWise Bros Pty Ltd

McCorquodale BrosMc Leod &;CoJoseph Chicken

IIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIII'I-

- --- ==-=== - .TenterfieldCanovindraTamvorth

GulgongTamvorth

Rosemary Broomham

.A.ppB.diz .I: SA~Ao.ldersiD UB as,Mi.llers· Produce CO.PIUZT.

.1909 (CODUDUl1dJ


HISTORY

TenterfieId M1TITng'to --,..G. W. Milling Co LtdTamvorth Milling Co

lames Lonerg~nLtd _. --_.. -Regan Palace Roller Flour Mills Ltd




APP6Ddi.r J.: SA~Aold6rs iD lJJe as, Millers" ProduceCo.p.." J9.10

WellingtonCowraSydneyGunnedahNewtownWest WyalongPyrmontPyrmont

_ SydneyHamiltonSummer Hill

c/- W.H.Palmer, SydneyInverell

c/- E.P.M. Sheedy, SydneyNarrabriMurrumburrahYassGoulburnCootamundraTemoraGriffithWaggaYoungBathurstGrenfellMolongDubboOrangeNarromineWellingtonBathurstBoggabriMillthorpeForbesNarranderaParramattaStrathfieldTenterfieldCanowindraWestTamworthTamworthGulgongDulwich HillSydneyHomebushGlebe

Allen StUnion St282 Sussex St50 Hudson StSmith St

Sloane StHillview

Whitton StValentine StBeresford Road

Trafalger StSummerStThirdAve

--- 77 King StreetBarber & New StGladstone St

Wellington Farmers' Milling Co. LtdW. H. CorpBruntofi & Co'Ltd.Brunton &Co Ltd.F. Crago &Sons Ltd.F. Crago &Sons Ltd.E. Davey & SonsGillespie Bros LtdMcCorquodale Bros-C. S. McIntyre LtdMungo Scott LtdBayHss&CoInverell Milling Co LtdNorth Western Milling Co LtdKeys&Co LtdAllsopp's Silver Spray flour Mills Ltd.Crago Bros LtdWm Conelly LtdStratton &Sons LtdPardey & Co Ltd.Pardey &Co Ltd.Murrumbidgee Milling Co Ltd.Young Roller Flour Co Ltd.F. Crago &Sons Ltd. Peter StGreat Western Milling Co Ltd.l Black &SonsDubbo Milling Co Ltd.Dalton Bros Ltd.Gillespie &CompanyM. McLeod LtdTremain BrosTremain BrosGreat Western Milling Co Ltd.Harris&CoWise Bras Ltd.McCorquodale BrosJackett BrasTenterfield Milling CoGreat Western Milling Co Ltd.Tamworth Milling Co Ltd.Geo. Fielder & Co Ltd. Peel StJas. Loneragon (Milling) Co LtdGreat Western Milling Co Ltd.WalterThomasBrunton 77 King StHomebush Flour Mills Ltd.Sydney Milling Co. Darling &Lyndhurst StMcGee &Co Ltd.

IIIIIIIII'II1IIIII.IIII


APPI1Ddiz ~1J: .IIe./Jers of TAe Flour .IIiUOFDl1rs Associ.uOD ofNerSou~ 'ues~ ~9 .11l1rc.1J ~95.1

34692022181530117220151254214327541151522.55033 - 52**22.53 no export462552.5152010348.5

207

382910157.5

75 - 100203511157

23102425.535

Rosemary Broomham

TorD

MurrumburraSydneyGunnedahAlburySydneyGoulburnCorowaCow.raNewtownBathurstOrangeSydneyPyrmontDubboTamworthSydneyDulwich HillCanowindraManildraForbesHomebush

c/- Mungo Scott, Summer HillJuneeLismoreNarrobriGulgongEnfieldSydneyParramattaParkesHamiltonMerrylandsWellingtonGilgandraMillthorpeWagga WaggaGunnedahTemoraCoolamonSummer HillNewtownCootamundraSydneyGrenfellCanowindraBathurstWellingtonTamworthUltimoNarrandera

K..e

HISTORY

Allsojips'-S1tver-spray"·Flour MillsBrunton-&-Ge-Pty-L:td: ..-:.. - . -Brunton &. Co Pty Ltd.Burrows Hume Flour MillsCity Flour Mills Pty Ltd.Wm. Conolly Pty Ltd.Corowa Milling Co Ltd.W. H. Corp Pty Ltd.F. Crago &. Sons [fit:F. Crago &. Sons Ltd.Dalton Bros Pty Ltd.John Darling &. SonE. Davey &. Sons Pty LtdDubbo Milling Co Pty Ltd.Geo. Fielder &. Co Pty Ltd.Gillespie Bros Pty Ltd.Great Western Milling Co Ltd.Great Western Milling Co Ltd.Manildra Flour Mills Pty Ltd.Harris &. Co (Forbes) Pty Ltd.Homebush Fiour Mills Ltd.Jacketts Pty Ltd.Jeffs Bros Pty Ltd.Jeffs (Lismore) Pty Ltd.Keys &. Co Pty Ltd.Jas. Loneragan (Milling) Co Ltd.N. B. Love Pty Ltd.Mc Corquodale Bros.Mc Corquodale Bros.McGee &. Co Pty Ltd.C. S. McIntyre Pty Ltd.A. McLeod &'SonsM. McLeod Pty Ltd.M. McLeod Pty Ltd.Millthorpe Flour MillsMurrumbidgee Milling Co Ltd.Namoi Flour MillsPardey 8.&. Co Pty Ltd.Pyke BrosMungo Scott Pty Itd.Southern Cross Flour MillsStratton &. Sons Pty Ltd.j. j. Sullivan Pty Ltd.J. j. Sullivan Pty Ltd.Tee BrosTremain Bros Pty Ltd.Wellington Farmers Flour Milling CoWest Tamworth Milling Co Ltd.White Rose Flour Milling Co PILWise Bros Pty Ltd.



... The sacks per hour production figures have been updated to 7 December1953

A.ppeDdiz .1/J: Me.-/Jers of TAe Flour .'BorDers A.SSOCi..uOD ofNe.". Sout1J '&lI1~ .19M6rcA .1953 {coDuDuedJ

** Changes to jacketts' production figures represent the results of themill's remodelling according with Robinson Plans 51/100 and 52/100. TheSummer Hill Mill seems to have been redesigned at the same time.

35l'20

1436.75 sks

Rosemary Broomham

Total

Tocum~~West Wyalong---'Young

llnder Ihis list rrasa penciloole, 'Sy-doey-FlourPty-lhl 1(1'

Wise Bros Pty Ltd.Wyalong -Flour Mills Pty Ltd,Young Roller Flour Milling Co ltd,

HISTORY

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'I

d


Apj1elldiz le: M6.1Iers of T1J6 Flour MillorlZ6rs Assoei.uolZ of't!lrSDUI1J rues, July 196-1

''''6.--:.-:' _.-:: TorlZ IJIUe elosed

Crago Newtown 1.2.80Davey :_.__:::-= . =0 C'.=.--=- --=;;.=..... -- >•• - Pyrm:onL---":'-:- -William Fatrer Strathfie Id .2.87Fielder's (T) TamworthGillespie PyrmontGillespie (D) Dubbo 2'.9.81Gillespie (G) [M. Mc1eod] Gilgandra 30.11.74Fielder's Sydney [Great Western] DulwichHill 16.6.76Hards Forbes 1.4.81Jerrs Junee 30.3.73Keys Narrobd 20.9.85Loneragan GulgongLove EnfieldMcCorquodale Parramatta 14.11.80McIntyra HamiltonMcLeod MerrylandsMorae Moree 1.2.80Murrumbidgee Wagga Wagga 10.8.78Namoi GunnedahPardey Temora .12.73Mungo Seot! Summer HillSouthern Mills [Burrows} AlburySunshine Newtown 28.2.74Tremain Bathurst 14.11.80White Rose Ultimo 24.6.66Wise Bras NarranderaYoung Roller YoungConolly Goulburn 30.11.69Corawa Milling Corowa 23.1.70Homebush Flour Mills [changedIQ IYhileRose Flour Mill~Stratton and Sons Cootamundra 1.11.64Sunshine Flour Mills Newtown 1. 3.74Wellington Flour Mills Wellington 9. 1.71Manildra Flour Mills ManildraA. H. Hattersley [Edible Protein Pill Pyrmont. .7.80

IIIIII,

II'IIIIIIIIIIIII


Applulllizltl: Flour"ills iD ,,,..SoulA' ""'"s, April 1981

WILLIAM FARRD MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

Rosemary Broomham

now closed

TorD

- -Albury-·Nar-ra.nderaPyrmontDubboSummer HillPyrmontTamworthGulgongEnfieldMerrylandsHamiltonManildraWagga WaggaNowraNowraHomebushYoung

HISTORY

Bunge Albury Mills Ltd.Bunge Narandera Mills Ltd....Edwin Davey & SonsBen Furney Flour MillsGoodman Fielder Industries Ltd.Goodman Fielder Industries Ltd.Goodman Fielder Flour MillLoneragan Flour MillsN. B. Love Mills (NSW)McLeod Flour MillsC. S. McIntyre Pty Ltd.Manildra Flour Mills Pty Ltd.Murrumbidgee Flour MillsNamoi Flour MillsShoalhaven Milling Co.White Rose Flour Mil1sYoung Roller Flour Mill Co Ltd.



.App"Rdiz2: Lis~ofTAo.~RolJiRSlJR le SORS· P.J..s forpck"us.SlrIJIAfi".Jd


HISTORY

6.4.45

9.5.46

18.7.46

11.11.46

21.11..f6

16.12.46

20.12.46

20.12.46

23. 1.47

19.2.47

20.2.47

21. 3.47

19.8.47

29.8.47

25.8.47

2.9.47

6.9.47

17.9.47

9.10.47

9.10.47

9.10.47

22.10.47

27.5.48

1.6.48

28.6.48

no date

30.11.50

10 .8.51

6.3.52

Rosemary Broomham

.Fabricated Steel Tank Stand .. ~__., .. __ ~_- ....- _.- --- ----. -

(tJ!1~a,gi_e~ gear casfng?}

Arrangement of Elevator to Silotop and Conveyors over Silos

Detail of Chaindrive Case for 33'-0" Chain Conveyor

Detail of33' Chain Conveyor Drive

Layout of Jacketts' 42" X 12" Elevator

Stand for Conveyors u~der Silos

Arrgt of Conveyors under Silos

Arrangement of Conveyors under Silos

10" Conveyor Layouts

Head Section Layout for 6'6" X 10 Conveyor

Spout from 42" X 12" Elevator to 10" Chain Conveyor

Head Section Layout for 21'-6" X 10" Conveyor

Spouts from 21'-6" X10" Conveyor to Bins

Spouting from 51'6' x 10" Conveyor to Bins

Spouting from 21'-6" X10" Conveyor to Bins

Spout from Elevator to Conveyor

Hopper from Spillboxes to Spouts

Trunking for DIC System

Plan View of Trunking to DIC Top Floor

Trunking to DIC System

Guard and Cross Gear Drive

Layout of Intake Separator

Gearcase for 24 & 48 teeth 4 D.P. Bevel Gears

Cross-section through Separator and Conveyors

7" Drag Chain Conveyor for Wheat Dump Hopper

Site Plan for Concrete Silos

Proposed Re-Arrt of Plant No 511100

to produce 30 X 200lb sks Flour per Hour @) 76% extraction

13.25% moisture content fromn F.A.Q. wheat

Drawing Showing Proposed Rearrangement of Plant

No 521100


Appelld.iz .1.: Tu.Je fro. TAo.~RolJ.illsoll DrJlr.illls forJ.c,ketlsl Su-.t1JOe.Jd

No .51/100, ProposedHe-Arrt ofPI8.11t to produce 30.r200lh sksFlourper

Hour fi1 76~ e.rtrl:lction - 13.25~ moisture content from F.A.Q. JYoeat

B~i';'~~ EXISTING " TOT...·L IN~ .P~0.P0S.EO TOTAL INS.

1ST BK .400" Il{ 335 100 In~.<;0,,10]'- 450 IS51n5.-4,-13 X Fi5 4 .350

ZNp BK: 50" 10 " 350 150 In:'>. 50 ~ 10 x 450 193 Ins.-6- 6

3 R.~ BK 50 x IDX 350 100 Ins. 50;< 10 x 450 IZ81ns.

4 4-

3 RO Bt< 40" I\X .3.35 50 Ins 40" 10 3~5 50 Ins.-2.- 13" 275 -2.-~ 275

4 T.H B~ 40 ; 1~3 x 275 80 /r"lS 40 ~ 'Ef~ x335 100 Ins.

5 TH BI5 F Nil Nil 40 l'r,~ "335 .50In5.

Total Exisl-ing 480 In5 Proposed 676 Ins.'6) 305b = 16 incs 6) 305ks -= 22·5 ln5.

per sK. per. SK.

Scratch50 Ins.X 4.0 x 1~3X ZIO 401ns. 40,,10 x .335

.3

Y Nl Nil. 40 ~ 10/r!> Y 335 50 In':>.

Tot-a I @ 30 sks. 40 In">. Propo:;,ed 100 In:;,.

=1·33 in~ I(i) 30 = .3 .?l3im..per SI(. - per SI{

Exisc.ing Prop'osed IncreaseSummary Breaks loins. 22.·5 ins 4070

Scratch 1·331ns 3·33 .. 1307°Reduction 25 Ins. 33 .. 32 70

R.E.DUCTIONS EXISTING TOTAl- Proposed Totsl

A fl,edLlcl:.ion 40~ IO/J3 x 335 1271n~ 40" 10){ 335 IZ1 Ins.4-

A 40,10 250 40 .. 40,,10 350 56 ·" --;< z x2

B 40 ,,10 250 120 .. 4-0 ,,10 x .350 168 ·" -c;-J' G

B2 .. 40 ~ 'j{3" 210 A.O ,. ~)3".300 57 ..e " 40 ; 'rl3 ,,2/0 72 .. 3'> ; 10/'3 " 300 100 ·C .. 40" 10 )( 250 80 .. ~x350 112 •

-l- 4-

0 ,. 3" ~ '~3 )<210 72 .. .3«> ,,10;, ,.300 100 ..4 / -4--I~"

E 40,,1~ 40- 4C ,; 10/13 ,,:lIO 57 ... -z- 1:3 ,..210

F .. 40" '0 ,,250 4-0 .. 40 , 10 x 250 56 ..2. Z

G 4C ,,10 " Z30 40 .. A-O ,,10 )t. 230 56 .... 2 Z

H """''' 10 x 230 40 .. 40" 10" 2..30 56 "z :z..

:r Aa x 10 " 250 40 .. .." ,..10 56 "• .2 -2.-" .350

TotJal Existing 751 .. ~p'osed 1001 of

IQ) 30,,200

Ib. sb. Flour =- 25 ins per sk '" .33 ins. per sk____________ .. ___ -.1__________ -



Rosemary Broomham



HISTORY

AppeBd.iz .1IJ: Td.Je fro. T.lJo.~ROIJ.iBSOB ./J~ ....iBls forJ.Ck6Us, Su-.t.lJf.i".JdNo .52/100 ProposedHearr8J1gemeot ofPl8J1t

- - -- ~ . -- - - -- -- -- - . - - ~ - .- - - - - ---

ROL.L -:, U~~AC.E.~ -

Ins . Gin D've,~2 \:,\<. . \2..0 154- A Iteduc.l-i On 120 1':>0

2. N.,9 BK. \50 100 B .. 12,0 120

~ll...? BK. 1:2>0 130 c.. - 152. 15'Z.

4 1.11 e>K. 100 12e> ~ . 40 4051""~ 5\(. ,3<0 .3<0 D . eo 100X 'be-raj-ch 40 50 E- .. 40 40

Y ~c:.r-arc h .3<0 .30 F .' 40 40Tora\ ~12," GeA- G - 40 4D

6l ~~ks. 20·(;,..

·22.·Er· H 40 40..--40J" - 40

K ., 40 40

Tol-al 752.1 802

~o ~k:'O. 2.5" 26·7..

-:..~ -"..:. -. --==-

26


Telephone Contacts and Visits

.ifustrJdillD Foetlt Boud, Cent Street, Sydney 267.1.1.1.1

Rosemary Broomham

I phoned Burwood Library in the hope of locating copies of theWestern Suburbs Courier, Aeroplane Pressor some similar local

newspaper for the first decade in the 20th century. I had hopedto search for a contemporary description of joseph Chicken's millbut was informed that all early copies of the Western SuburbsCourier have been destroyed in a fire.Burwood Library's collection begins in 1968, and the MitchellLibrary holds copies from 1956..

BurJYood Ceotrlll LibrJUy, 4 M/U81llduke St, BurFood745.2722

My enquiry was to locate a specialist library, or collection ofarchival material on flour milling.I was informed that the Wheat Board did not keep archives butwas sent a package of project material.

With little background information and very little time I beganthe research with a series of telephone calls to ascertain where themost useful and accessible sources might be. Some of thesecontacts had no relevant material; some calls were followed upwith return calls, some with visits.

I began this study with a copy of a letter from Mr Breden, GeneralManager. of Good man Field~r Mi11s,-·part of a title search on the siteoccupied by William Farrer Mills Pty Ltd, and a poor qualityphotocopy of a photograph of the same mill, captioned 'Flour Millson the Robinson Process, joseph Chicken Flour Mills, Strathfield'.

6.2 Sources

HISTORY


27


Tim Buin, So.licitor, .Leve.l .1.1, St Mlrtins TOFer, .11MlUket Street, Sydney 26.1.5.1.1.1

GoodRulD Fie.lder Mi.l.ls, .1 Smith Street, SjHR:Dl;er DJ:!!797..1480Cont,JIcts: CcncrJl.! MJlDlllcr s SCcrctlUY, Suzy Smit.h, .I,J1terLf.lJID Beattie, Lf.lIlD ./leid.

J

Rosemary Broomham

IDterY.ie~·

My interview with Mr Reid yielded a better copy of the josephChicken mill photograph. a copy of an aerial photograph of the sitein 1976. a copy of a paper on flour milling. and a very helpfulexplanation of the flour milling process.

I requested permission to see the original photograph of josephChicken's Mill. and any other historical material like companyAnnual Reports.It took four phone calls before anyone would consent -to speak tome. Finally, I spoke (on the phone only) to former ThomasRobinson employee Alan Beattie, and subsequently made anappointment to see Alan Reid. the person who had supplied mostof the information in the letter to Kell and Rigby. I was stillunable to see the Annual Reports. Mr Reid reported that themultiple takeovers had resulted in misplacement andior loss ofsuch records.

Visit: 2~FebrulUy, .I1.001m - .I2..10pmDiscussed results to date of Title Search being carried out,obtained available documents and arranged to have the restcouriered to my address as soon as possible.IMr Eakin took some time to explain the documents to me. eventhough I am accustomed to making Title Searches as a normal partof my work. In the letter accompanying-the rest of the documentshe reproduced my own observation about the significance of Lot36 in DP 2412.]

HISTORY


28


Here my enquiry about records of Nev.l South Wales flour millersmet a quick response.

HeF Soutb wllIes BOllrd of .F.ire Comm.iss.ioners, BlltiJurstStreet SydneyContllct: The Arc.b.iv.ist B/lFIJ/lFII Dvton

Rosemary Broomham

HeF Soulb IY6.les F.lour MU.lers· Counc.i.l, .1.1J CI,uenceStreet Sydney 290. .1./88Con/llcl: tieoff McCorquodll1e

Having discovered that joseph Chicken's mill was re-ercted after afire in 1913, I phoned Barbara Dalton to locate the NSW firerecords for that period.To my disappointment I discovered that these have now beenrelocated at the State Archives Office Kingswood Repository. Itwould take more time than I had left to consult them.

N. B. <- Love -Pty L.im.ited, - BrllidJYood Street Bnf.ie.ld,764'..8222--- -: ~ -----, - <~-~-- - -- -

Contact: Librarian

At the Strathfield Librarian's suggestion I phoned the N. B. LoveLibrary hoping to gain- access to-some general background onmilling, but mainly to enquire about their holdings of old issuesof The MasterBaker ofAustrlJlasilJ, and The Australi/J11 Baker. N.B. Love had supplied clippings from these journals to theStraU1lJeld Scrapbook.The librarian I contacted had only been there two weeks and wasnot responsible for N. B. Love's archives.

HISTORY



29

Slrlltbfie.ld Ceotrll.l L.ibr~ 65 ./loc.lJester Street,Homebus.lJ 764'..~38~

Cootllct: ClJiefLibrllrillD Mrs Ge'FllDdt

Y.is.it: ZZFebruary 4..00 to 6Q.!OpmFollowing up the sources quoted in the Heritage Study, I visitedStrathfield Library.

J

Rosemary Broomham

Asked about the William Farrer Mills, Mrs Gewandt informed methat the library had been unable to find information for thehHeritage Study last year. She suggested N. B. Love's Library as apossible source of specialist flour milling material.

Tbomlls .Noblosoo ~ $oo~ Mllllog .B11gloeers, 25 MlUigoldStreet, KeYeslJ~ 774:.1.155Coot6ct: Tooy Hees.lJ

Visit : 2~PelJrulUyMr Heesh's office being too busy and too cramped for me to workthere. he allowed me to borrow all the remaining plans and a bookof photographs of a mill with similar plant.

The switch at Thomas Robinson put me through to Tony Heeshwho first informed me that. since the mill was no longer operating.all drawings and records of the William Farrer Mills had beendestroyed. However. he offered to check the drawing office.When I phoned back we made a time for me to see 'drawings andcatalogues..

Visit: 28 -PelJrullry- _ . - - - - ~

This yield~d notes and photocopies from their records. GeoffMcCofquooale __a~o-~-f~fnished me with useful backgroundinformation on the industry in general.

HISTORY



"illillm Fllrrer Nills S.ite, Beresford .lI01ld, Strlltbfield

30

Visit: 28 FelJrullry, 2..10 - 4..00pmExamine all buildings, and discuss construction with Mr Alan Kellwho worked on the site in 1957

Rosemary Broomham

65 DomelJuslJ ROIld,Strllt.llfield MuoiciplIl Couocil,StrlltbfieldCootllct: 000 Smitb

Y.isit.· 2J FelJrulUy, 10.4'51101 - .5.00pmNoted all entries for Beresford Road in the Strathfield MuniciplJlCouncilBujldjng Appljcation Hegjster, and card index system.

HISTORY

Visit: 22 FelJrullrY, 111101 - 4'pmRead and noted information in the Strathfield Heritage Studycompleted by Michael Fox and Associates, 1988

Y.isit: outside ooly, 2.1 FelJrullry, .5.00pm -.5.~5pmSite sketch (not to scale) to identify buildings described inBuilding Application Register.

IIIIII,I

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

Those interviewed were:


31

Alan Ke11, Director. Kell and Rigby

Rosemary Broomham

Tony Heesh. Director. Thomas Robinson and Sons

Alan Beattie, former employee of Thomas Robinson and Sons. nowemployed by Goodman Fielder Mills

Due to the short time available, the 'oral history' for this studywas limited to brief notes made during conversation, many ofwhich concernec the general process and history of the flourmilling industry.

HISTORY

Orll.lDistory ,

6.3 References

New South Wales Millers' Produce Company, Correspondence File.

New South Wales Millers' ,Produce Co Ltd, Share Kegister. 1909 1963.

Primllry SourcesLand Titles Office, all Certificates of Title. Transfers and Plansassociated with the title search on land occupied by William FarrerMills Pty Ltd

Stratbfield Municipal CouncilBuilding Application Kegister1909 - 1988, All references to deveiopmeni in Beresford Road,factory development passim.

Thomas Robinson & Sons. Collection of Plans for jacketts/WilliamFarrer Mills plant, 1945 - 1952


WILLIAM PARRBR MILLS DBRITAOB STUDY

Books and Articles

32

The Australasian Baker, 31 May 1935, 'Sydney's New Mill',

Rosemary Broomham

The Master Baker of Australasia, 15 July 1935, 'New, ModernFlour Mill'.

. .M. Pluss, 'The Evolution of Strathfield', in Ian Burnley and JamesForrest, .living in Cities, Alien & Unwin Australia Ltd, Sydney,1985

G. ]. R. Linge, Industrial AwaKening.' A Geography of AustralianManufacturing 1788 - 18.90, ANU, Canberra, 1979

F. A. Larcombe, The Advancement of .local Government in Newjouth Wales 1906 to the Present. SUP, Sydney, 1978

Michael Jones, Oasis in the West: Strat1JlYeld's First Hundred Years,Alien & Unwin, Sydney, 1985

Michael Fox and Associates, Strathfield Heritage Study, 2 volumes,prepared on behalf of Strathfield Municipal Council, April 1988

Alan Reid, Manager, Engineering Department, Goodman FielderMills

Luke Goodwin, 'The Life and Death of a Flour Mill', Austra1i/UlJournalofHistoricalArchaeology; Vol 1, January 1983

Bull: Grain: Year Bool: of the Grain Handling Authority of NSW,Special Bi-Centenary Edition, 1988, Historical Articles

Geoff McCorquodale, ex flour miller, presently Executive Director,NSW Flour Millers' Council

HISTORY


WILLIAM FARKER MILLS HERITAGE STUDY

Unpublisbed

Gilbert Caley, Flour Milling in New South Wales: with specialreference to the Socio-Economic Implications, in the Period 1788 1850', Paper, Macquarie University, 1978

Strathfield Library. Strathfield Scrapbook, compiled from Sourceand Other Documents for Local Area Studies. specifically for earlyland grants and subdivisions. flour mills and other industries. andrailway history.


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.I

33

II

I I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

APPENDIX B

ARTEFACT/RELIC INVENTORY SHEETS

()

London

ITE~NAME

Recorder

Date

DATEMANFR:

y &Eirml

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHlNERY-PLA.Vf

TYPE:

INFORMANrS:

RECOMMENDATION:

SLIDES:

Should be fully recorded before beingremoved.(Measured drawings and photographsduring dismantling).

t ~Ii I Eu Id i ng

DESIGNER: HMANUFACTURER:

d

(3 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5( 3 )/5( 4 )15

1-2

d

ITEM IDENTIflCATION SHEET

REFERENCES:

ITEM NO:Fanner Locations:LOCATION: ICONDITION: r

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

SIGNlflCANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological lmponance:Structurallntegrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi,lity:

DESCRIPTION:4.2m , encompasses rail siding east of nal store.Housed b ski11ion dition over siding.Iron mechanism housed in timber casing on eastern side.Cast and ron tructi


ITEM NAME

t

to providehut beside

ton

Recorder

Date

DATEMANFR:

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIGNER:MANUFACfURER:

RECOMMENDAnON:

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

"

Hay be removed.

(2 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(1 )/5(2 )/5

r, t'la n t

REFERENCES:

ITEM IDENTIFICATION SHEET

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:TechnologicallmIX'rtance:Strucrurallntegrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

ITEM NO:Fonner Locations: ALOCATION: GroundCONDITION: r

DESCRIPTION:Large, 2.2m dia fan located on eastern side of main store.air for bulk transmission f grain as is connected withrail sid ng. Driven belt drive with power providedPark e ec ri


Included here as ty cal offinished uct. 60lb capacity.from le ti ran roller

Date

ITEM NAME

Recorder

DATEMANFR:

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLANT

May be removed.


RECOMMENDAnON:

INFORMANTS:

TYPE:

SLIDES:

open belt conveyors used for sacks ofTimber open hute over iron frame fabricated

thetic belts. Powered electri motor

bu id

(2 )/5(3 )/5( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 3 )/5( I )/5( 2 )15

WF/A/S

t mi

REFERENCES:

ITEM IDEI"ITIACATION SHEET

SIGNIACAil>,jCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallmportance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

ITEM NO:Fanner Locations: N/LOCATION:CONDITION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:


ITEM NAME

Recorder

Date

t known

DATEMANFR: c1950

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY·PLANT

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

RECOMMENDAnON:

SLIDES:

May be removed.

~lil Bu Id

DESIGNER:MANUFACTURER:

(2 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(1 )/5(1 )/5

id

mounted on bearers which are attached to RSJ beam 2mNow missing in sections but appears to have run lengthSer es of belt attachment nts, access holes and belts

I mu stems. Pressed I wheels.

------~

F

ITEM lDENTIACATION SHEET

ITEM NO: 4Fonner Locations: N/LOCATION: 1,CONDITION:

SIGNIACANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structurallntegrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi,lity:

REFERENCES:

DESCRlPTION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

Large iron shaft,above floor level.

building.


'c-~".

/Date

Recorder

ITEM NA~{E

DATEMANFR:

MACHlNERY-PLANf

be removed.

HERITAGE STUDY

RECOMMENDATION:


TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

1 conveyors t mainsquare section timber ducts with iron

A series of trapdoors on under ideApparently remained in use until

sc

(3 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(2 )/5(1 )/5

di

representativei 0 rec

grain/f our.maintenance ac

REFERENCES:


SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

ITEM NO:Fanner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:I uded here

tructure.Used t conduc

provided inspection andf t

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:


t

ITEM NA.\1E

Recorder

Date 11

DATEMANFR:

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY·PLANT


TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

May be removed

SLIDES:

or types; la tin ised sheetping, c10cm diameter. Located t

01l.;:)jJ\.H t of milled material d fferent

( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 3 )/5( 2 )/5( 1 )/5

WF/B/misc

SIGNIF1CANCE ASSESSMENT:Histone Association:Technological Imponance:Strucrurallntegnty:Imerpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Ability:

ITEM IOENTIF1CATION SHEET

REFERENCES:

ITEM NO:Fanner Locations:LOCATION: ~lai

CONDITION: r

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:

Included here as represen t ve.ducting, c50cm diameter andmain mill building and useds f process.


/

Recorder

ITEM NAME

Date

DATEMANFR:

t

volt, 450 amps.hanism on southern

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLAJ'IT


RECO.MME.""'IDAnON:

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

May be removed.

-lllll2llfTJr-rTr

5

(2 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5

on mezzanine

ITEM NO:former Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

ITEM IDENTIf1CATION SHEET

REFERENCES:

SIGNlf1CANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Imponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:nchronous nduct on Mot

75RPM, 324KVA, 3 se,Large dial cy nder, multiple

th n r ve shaft


Recorder

ITEM NAME

Date I I

DATEMANFR:

ro led i t.

MACHINERY-PLA1Vf

HERITAGE STUDY

RECO.M.:.MENDAnON:

DESIGNER: n))

MANUFACTURER: )

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

be removed after being full recorded.(Measured drawing).

t and

(3 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(1 )/5

WF/A/7

! !, I

l i'1a n torelA


ITEM NO:Fanner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:TechnoIogicallmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

REFERENCES: Lockwood (1960)

DESCRIPTION:Used to f 11 sackIron frame.Central iron

1t attachedb


19

ITEM NAME

Recorder

Date I /

Robinson ( )

DATEMANFR:

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE srUDY


and metal hand brake used to

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

RECOMMENDAnON:

Should be conserved.Should be offered to Museum of AppliedArts and Sciences or other suitablerepository.If rejected by MAAS may be scrapped,following recording (measured drawing).

uct.

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5

, tvla n t re

ks f finishedhoppers above.ven vertical auger.

erwei t,



SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

ITEM NO:Fonner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:f i 1

Iron frame withCentral be t dr

t


1 IDate

Recorder

ITEM NAME

DATE MANFR:c 1

HERITAGE STUDY

RECOMMENDAnON:

MACHINERY-PLANf


TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

Should be conserved.Should be offered to Museum of AppliedArts and Sciences or other suitablerepository.If rejected by MAAS may be scrapped,following recording (measured drawing)

I and meta hand brake

ucL

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5

nishedabove.

I auger., foot

low.

, rla n



ITEM NO: 1FOlTI1er Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:Used to 11 sacksIron frame withCentral belt driven vertChain and belt counterweused to trol fi


ITEM NAME

Recorder

Date

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLAt'IT

DESIGNER: n )

MANUFACTURER:

TYPE: DATEMANFR:

RECOMMENDATION:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

May be removed.

(3 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(1 )/5

R ~1

SIGNIf1CANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallrnponance:Strucrurallntegrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:


ITEM IDENTIf1CATION SHEET

ITEM NO: 11Fanner Locations:LOCATION: , ~Ia n t reCONDITION: r

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:Used to ill sacks of finished uct. Iron frame, metal ha per aboveCentral verti 1 iron auger. Bel attached to counterweight, 1 andhand brake used to control fill and flow.


DESCRIPTION:

o

Recorder

ITEM NAME

Date 11/

DATEMANFR:

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIGNER: Robinson ( )MANUFACTURER:

RECOMMENDAnON:

Nay be removed

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

( 3 )/5( 2 )/5( 3 )/5( 2 )/5( 3 )/5( 3 )/5( 1 )/5

Lockwood (1960)


ITEM NO: 1Fonner Locations: ALOCATION: Level 2, Nain toreCONDITION: Faj r

uare metal frameFed by hopper above

mechanism

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallrnponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

REFERENCES:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W: 10


ITEM IDENTIACATION SHEET Date

ITEM NAME

Recorder

DATEMANFR:

bi

HERITAGE STUDY

RECOMMENDAnON:

May be removed

MACHINERY·PLANT


TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5

[ '')

Large timber frame, four chambers.Pneumatically fed from above.


SIGNlACANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W: 14

ITEM NO: 1Former Locations:LOCATION: Leve I ,~la n toreCONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:


Date

ITEM NAME

Recorder

DATEMANFR:

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIGNER: )MANUFACfURER: ) Not known

TYPE:

RECO:MMENDATION:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

Hay be removed

13

( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 2 )/5( 1 )/5( 1 )/5( 2 )/5( 1 )/5

, linked to roof vent and to adjacent sifter by c800mmducting. ton Parkinson electric tor. Ad t hole in

used remove a~,~\J~"~ated fans and equ pment, that precise arrangementand fune ion is unclear.

REFERENCES:


PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi}jty:

ITEM NO:Former Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:


ITEM

Recorder

Date

.~•

vertical chambersfed sub floor

ng exhausted. Outlet worm

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY·PLANT

DESIGNER: )MANUFACTURER:) Ro

TYPE: DATE MANFR:

RECO.MMENDATION:

INFORMANTS:

May be removed.

SLIDES:

Three level seriestubes. Dusty airchambers, beforeparticles.

(3 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5( 3 )/5( 3 )/5

WF/A/12

n

Lo:kwood (1960)


One of three extant examples.each with ei vertical fabrand tubes into airti t

n per base removed iest

ITEM NO: 1Fonner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Imponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

REFERENCES:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:


ITEM NAME

Recorder

Date

imon

DATEMANFR:

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLANT

5DESIGNER: )MANUFAcrURER: )

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

TY'PE:Paten

RECOMMENDAnON:Shou Id be conserved.Should be offered to Museum of AppliedArts & Sciences or other suitable reposito y.If rejected by i'IAAS may be scrapped.

nBu il

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(4 )/5( 3 )/5( 3 )/5

20

, ~la n ~Li I

Lockwood (1960)

Used to extract bran from dunster f r. Operated us several chambers withra ly ting sieves. Labelled: "1st and 2nd Break i'lid Semo Pur fier".fJn'''11f11;~t and outlets. tIet x Roll".

SIGNlFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi~ty:


REFERENCES:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

ITEM NO: IFormer Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:


11

ITEM NA.\1E

Recorder

Date

imon

DATEMANFR: 1

At least oneto Museum of Appliedor other suitable

using several chambers with

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLA."IT

TYPE:

RECOMMENDAnON:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

be removed.should be offeredArts and Sciencesrepository.

IdDESIGNER:MANUFAcrURER:

( )/5( )/5( )/5(4 )/5( 4 )/5( 3 )/5( 3 )/5

21

I! !.

Lockwood (1960)

-,

II

to extract bran from dunst and four.rapid asci lating eves.Labelled: "Sizin Purifier No I and No 2".Pneumatic and outlet.

REFERENCES:

SIGNlflCANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Imponance:Structural Integrity:Inte'l'retive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

j, I!

ITEM IDENTlflCATION SHEET

ITEM NO:fanner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:


Date

imon

Recorder

ITEM NA~1E

DATEMANFR:

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLANT


TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

RECOMMENDATION:

SLIDES:

be removed. At least one exampleshould be offered to Museum of AppliedArts and Sciences or other suitablerepository.

Bu i d i

22

( 3 )/5{ 2 )/5( 3 )/5( 4 )/5{ 4 )/5( 3)/5( 3 )/5

A3, Ma n

Used to extract bran from dunst and flour. Operated us ng several chambers withrapidly oscillating sieves.Labelled: "Fine Semo Purifier", "3rd Grader Purif

ic feed and outlet. Ou let: 4th 11".


SIGNlFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technologicallmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi:'ity:


ITEM NO: 1former Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:


Used to extract bran from dunst and flour. Operated using several chamberswith rapidly oscillating sieves.Labelled: "Semo redresser No 1 and No 2".Pneumatic feed and outlet. Outlet: "To A Roll"

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W: WF/ A/23


ITEM NO: 19Former Locations: N/ALOCATION: Level 3, Main Mill BuildingCONDITION: Good

11/3/89

Recorder RGM

Date

ITEM NAME

'Simon

DATEMANFR: cl950

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIGNER: )MANUFACTURER: )

RECOMMENDATION:

INFORMANTS:

TYPE:

SLIDES:

May be removed, At least one exampleshould be offered to museum or othersuitable repository.

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5


PURIFIER

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:.Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

DESCRIPTION:

WILLIAM FARRER FLOUR MILL

IIII;1III'III~-'

II·III,

1IIII

Section 'B'-'B' View on tail end

THROUGHS.

Section 'A'-'A'

ITEM NAME

Recorder

Date

DATEMANFR:

RECO.MMENDAnON:

be removed.

MACHINERY.PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIGNER:MANUFACTURERf" t d

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

mechanism on one side.~lai Out let th

(2 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(2 )/5(1 )/5(1 )/5

Fan tmetal baseoutlet t

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

REFERENCES:

ITEM IDENTIACATION SHEET

ITEM NO:ForrnerLocations: lALOCATION:CONDITION:

SIGNlACANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Imponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abipty:

DESCRIPTION:


Recorder

ITEM NAME

Date

DATEMANFR:

Henr AustralLtd

be removed.

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLA.Vf

RECOMMENDATION:


INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

d n

(2 )/5(2 )/5(2 )/5( 3 )/5( 2 )/5( 1 )/5( 1 )/5

~lil

/A

Exhaus Fantr


REFERENCES:

SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:TechnoIogicallmponance:Strucrurallntegrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi.lity:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

ITEM NO: 1Fanner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:

DESCRIPTION:

IIIII1IIIIIII,

IIIIIIII

ITEM NA~1E

Date

Recorder

DATEMANfR:

of three. Timber rame, double levelfabric tubes. Dusty a r thr,,,,,,,h

chamber , before exhausted.les.

HERITAGE STUDY

MACHINERY-PLA."IT


RECOMME..""IDATION:

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

be removed, but one shouldbe conserved. Should be offered to Museumof Applied Arts and Sciences or othersuitable repository. If ted, maybe scrapped.

!..1

Sui

( 3 )/5( 2 )/5( 3 )/5( 4 )/5( 4 )/5( 3 )/5( 3 )/5

out feach wit

tubes inbase removed

lAIVes t i'li

r, j


ITEM NO:fanner Locations:LOCATION:CONDITION:


SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological Importance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Ability:

DESCRIPTION:One f two ideno seven vertical hambers,sub floor hopper and

let worm n

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:


One two identical examples out of total of three. Timber frame, double levelseven vertical chambers, each with ei t fabric tubes. Dust air fed thro

sub floor and tubes into airt chambers, before beingcAl'C1L""ted. t worm pper removed heav ic1es.

ITEM NAME

Date

Recorder

)) Robinson

DATEMANFR:

MACHINERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY


TYPE:

SLIDES:

INFORMANTS:

RECOMMENDATION:May be removed, but one example shouldbe conserved. Should be offered to Museumof Applied Arts and Sciences or othersuitable repository. If rejected, maybe scrapped.

27

(3 )/5(2 )/5(3 )/5(4 )/5(4 )/5(3 )/5(3 )/5


ITEM IDENTIflCATION SHEET

SIGNlflCANCE ASSESSMENT:Historic Association:Technological lmponance:Structural Integrity:Interpretive Ability:Relative Rarity:Operational Abi;lity:

ITEM NO:FonnerLocations: NLOCATION: Level 3 West Mi 1I buildiCONDITION:

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W:

DESCRIPTION:


11/

ITEM NAME

Date

Recorder RGM

DATE MANFR: 1

MACHlNERY-PLANT

HERITAGE STUDY

DESIG~R: )Crompton Parkinson /MANUFACTURER:) Sonnerdale

TYPE:

INFORMANTS:

SLIDES:

May be removed.

MECHANI

Lockwood (1960)

ITEM IDENTIACATION SHEET


REFERENCES:

Elevator in square concrete structure at south end of silos. Galvanised sheetmetal chain conveyor with manifold runs along top of silos and connects toelevator. Chute feeds from adjacent store to north. Motor below chute is smallCrompton Parkinson with Sonnerdale drive mechanism. Main elevator powered bymotor at : 10HP Cromptom Parkinson: Serial No 9299610. 400/450 volts, 3PH,50 cycle, with Sonnerdale "SUPERDRIVE". Manifold conveyor hasReduced motor. M6. Serial No 1 ,4.8HP, 940RPM, 12500lb torque. Ratio 50-1.

SIGNlACANCE ASSESSMENT: (2 )/5 RECOMMENDATION:Historic Association: (2 )/5Technologicallmponance: (1 )/5Structural Integrity: (4 )/5Interpretive Ability: (2 )/5Relative Rarity: (1 )/5Operational Abi,lity: (4 )/5

CONCRETE LO

ITEM NO: 24Former Locations: N/ ALOCATION: SilosCONDITION: Operational

PHOTOGRAPHS B&W: WF/A/31-34

DESCRIPTION:


IIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIII

APPENDIX C

The Burra Charter of Australia ICOMOS, and

Guidelines to the Burra Charter:

Cultural Significance

IIIII

Appendi'X 1

THE AUSTRALIA ICOMOS CHARTER FOR THECONSERVATION OF PLACES

OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE(The Bnrra Charter)

IIIIII-IIiIIIIIII

This revised Charter was adopted on 23rd February. 1981.

PreambleHaving regard to the International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites(Venice 1966), and the Resolutions of 5th GeneralAssembly of ICOMOS (Moscow 1978), the followingCharter has been adopted by Australia ICOMOS.

DefinitionsArticle 1. For the purpose of this Charter:

1.1 Place means site, area, building or other work, groupof buildings or other works together with pertinentcontents and surroundings.

1.2 Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations.

1.3 Fabric means all the physical material of the place.

1.4 Conservation means all the processes of lookingafter a place so as to retain its cultural significance. Itincludes maintenance and may according to circumstance include preservation, restoration,reconstruction and adaptation and will be commonlya combination of more than one of these.

1.5 .\1aintenance means the continuous protective careof the fabric, contents and setting of a place, and isto be distinguished from repair. Repair involvesrestoration or reconstruction and it should be treatedaccordingly..

1.6 Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a placein its existing state and retarding deterioration.

1.7 Restoration means' returning the EXISTING fabricof a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing componentswithout the introduction of new material.

1.8 Reconstruction means returning a place as nearly aspossible to a known earlier state and is distinguishedby the introduction of materials (new or old) into thefabric. This is not to be confused with either recreation or conjectural reconstruction which are outside the scope of this Charter.

1.9 Adaptation means modifying a place to suit proposed compatible uses.

1.10Compatible use means a use which involves nochange to the culturally significant fabric, changeswhich are substantially reversible, or changes whichrequire a minimal impact.

Explanatory NotesThese notes do not form part of the Charter and may be added to byAustralia ICOMOS.

Article 1.1Place includes structures. ruins. archaeological sites and areas.

Article 1.5The distinctions referred to in Article 1.5. for example in relation toroof gutters. are:

maintenance - regular inspection and cleaning of gutters

repair involving restoration - relurning of dislodged gutters 10

their placerepair involving reconstruction - replacing decayed gutters.

IIII

IIIIII

IIIIII

Conservation PrinciplesArticle 2. The aim of consavation is to retain or recoverthe cultural significance of a place and must include provision for its security, its maintenance and its future.

Article 3. Conservation is based on a respect for the existingfabric and should involve the least possible physicalintervention. It should not distort the evidence providedby the fabric.

Article 4. Conservation should make use of all thedisciplines which can contribute to the study andsafeguarding of a place. Techniques employed should betraditional but in some circumstances they may bemodern ones for which a firm scientific basis exists andwhich have been supported by a body of experience.

Article 5. Conservation of a place should take into consideration all aspects of its cultural significance withoutunwarranted emphasis on anyone at the expense ofothers.

Article 6. The conservation policy appropriate to a placemust first be determined by an understanding of itscultural significance and its physical condition.

Article 7. The conservation policy will determine whichuses are compatible.

Article 8. Conservation requires the maintenance of anappropriate visual settmg: e.g., form, scale, colour, texture and materials. No new construction, demolition ormodification which would adversely affect the settingsshould be allowed. Environmental intrusions whichadversely affect appreciation or enjoyment of the placeshould be excluded.

Article 9. A building or work should remain in itshistorical location. The moving of all or part of abuilding or work is unacceptable unless this is the solemeans of ensuring its survival.

Article 10. The removal of contents which from part ofthe cultural significance of the place is unacceptableunless it is the sole means of ensuring their security andpreservation. Such contents must be returned shouldchanged circumstances make this practicable.

Conservation Processes

PreservationArticle 11. Preservation is appropriate where the existingstate of the fabric itself constitutes evidence of specificculrural significance, or where insufficient evidence isavailable to allow other conservation processes to be carried out.

Article 12. Preservation is limited to the protection,maintenance and where necessary, the stabilisation of theexisting fabric but without the distortion of its culturalsignificance.

RestorationArticle 13. Restoration is appropriate only if there is sufficient evidence of an earlier state of the fabric and only ifreturning the fabric to that state recovers the culturalsignificance of the place.

-\rticl~ 1Con\cn allon ,hould not bc untkrtakcn unle\\ adcquatc rc\our.:c~ arc,nadable 10 cmure that the fabric IS not left in a \. ulnerable ,tale andthat thc .:ultural -;ignificance of the place j, not Imraired. HOl.'e,er. itmust bc cmphasised that the hest comervation often In'ol,es the leastwork and .:an be inexpensive.

:\rticl~ 3The trace~ of additions. alterations and ealier treatment, on the fabricof a place are evidence of ItS history and uses.

Con~ervation action ,hould tend to as,ist rather than to impede theirinterpretation.

Article 8New construction work. including infill and additions. may be acceptable provided:

it does not reduce or obscure the cultural significance of the place

it is in keeping with Article 8.

Article 9Some struclUres were designed to be readily removeable or alreadyhave a history of previous moves. e.g. prefabricated dwellings andpoppet-heads. Provided such a structure does not have a strongassociatIon with its present site its ,rerneval may be considered.

If any struClUre is moved it should be mved to an appropriate settingand gJ\en an appropriate use. Such action should not be to the detriment of any place of cultural ~Ignificance.

Article 11Preservation protects fabric without obscuring the evidence of its construction and use.

The process should always be applied:

where the evidence of the fabric is of such signficam:e that it mustnot be altered. This is an unusual case and likely to be appropriatefor archaeological remains of national importance

where insuffiCient investigation has been carried out to permit conservation policy decisions to be taken in accord with :\rticles 23 to

25.:"Iew construction may be carried out in association ",ith preservationwhen its purpose is the physical protection of the fabric and I.' hen it isconsistent with Article 8.

Article 12Stabilization is a process which helps keep fabric intact and in a fixedposition. \\ihen carried out as a part of preservation work it does notintroduce new materials into the fabric. However. when necessary forthe sun·it al of the fabric. ,tabilization may be effected as part of areconstru.:tion proce,s and new matenals introduced. For example.grouung or the insertion of a reinforcing rod in a masonry wall.

Article 13See explanatOry note for Article 2.

IIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Article 14. Restoration ~hould reveal anew culturallysignificant aspects of the place. It is based on respect forall the physical, documentary and other evidence andstops at the point where conjecture begins.

Article IS. Restoration is limited to the reassembling ofdisplaced components or removal of accretions in accordance with Article 16.

Article 16. The contributions of all periods to the placemust be respected. If a place includes the fabric of different periods, revealing the fabric of one period at theexpense of another can only be justified when what isremoved is of slight cultural significance and the fabricwhich is to be revealed is of much greater culturalsignificance.

ReconstructionArticle 17. Reconstruction is appropriate where a place isincomplete through damage or alteration and where it isnecessary for its survival, or where it recovers the culturalsignificance of the place as a whole.

Article 18. Reconstruction is limited to the completion ofa depleted entity and should not constitute the majorityof the fabric of a place.

Article 19. Reconstruction is limited to the reproductionof fabric the form of which is known from physicaland/or documentary evidence. It should be identifiableon close inspection as being new work.

AdaptationArticle 20. Adaptation is acceptable where the conservation of the place cannot otherwise be achieved, and wherethe adaptation does not substantially detract from itscultural significance.

Article 21. Adaptation must be limited to that which isessential to a use for the place determined in accordancewith Articles 6 and 7..

Article 22. Fabric of cultural significance unavoidablyremoved in the process of adaptation must be kept safelyto enable its future reinstatement.

Conservation PracticeArticle 23. Work on a place must be preceded by professionally prepared studies of the physical, documentaryand other evidence, and the existing fabric recordedbefore any disturbance of the place.

Article 24. Study of a place by any disturbance of thefabric or by archaeological excavation should be undertaken where necessary to provide data essential for decisions on the conservation of the place and/or to secureevidence about to be lost or made inaccessible throughnecessary conservation or other unavoidable action. Investigation of a place for any other reason which requiresphysical disturbance and which adds substantially to ascientific body of knowledge may be permitted, providedthat it is consistent with the conservation policy for theplace.

Article 25. A written statement of conservation policymust be professionally prepared setting out the culturalsignificam;e, physical condition and proposed conservation process together with justification and supportingevidence, including photographs, drawings and all appropriate samples.

Article 26. The organisation and individuals responsiblefor policy decisions must be named and specific responsibility taken for each such decision.

Article 27. Appropriate professional direction and supervision must be maintained at all stages of the work and alog kept of new evidence and additional decisions recorded as in Article 25 above.

Article 28. The records required by Articles 23, 25, 26and 27 should be placed in a permanent archive and madepublicly available.

Article 29. The items referred to in Article 10 and Article22 should be professionally catalogued and protected.

Words in italics are defined in Article I.

I

2.0 The Concept of Cultural Significance

1.2 Applicability

The Guidelines apply to any place likely to be ofcultural significance regardless of its type or size.

1.3 Need to establish cultural significance

The assessment of cultural significance and thepreparation of a statement of cultural significance,embodied in a report, are essential pre-requisites to

making decisions about the future of a place.

1.1 Intention of Guidelines

These Guidelines are intended to clarify the nature ofprofessional work done within the terms of the SurraCharter. They recommend a methodical procedurefor assessing the cultural significance of a place,preparing a statement of cultural significance and formaking such information publicly available. TheGuidelines refer to Articles 6, 23, 25 and 28 but donot cover all the matters referred to in those Articles.

Preface

2.1 Introduction

In the Surra Charter Cultural Significance means;'aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past,present or future generations".

Cultural significance is a concept which helps inestimating the value of places. The places that arelikely to be of significance are those which help anunderstanding of the past or enric.h the present, andwhich we believe will be of value to future generations.

Although there are a variety of adjectives used indefinitions of cultural significance in Australia, theadjectives "aesthetic", "historic", "scientific" and"social", given alphabetically in the Burra Charter,can encompass all other values.

1.5 Issues not considered

The assessment of cultural significance and thepreparation of a statement does not involve or takeaccount of such issues as the necessity for conservation action, legal constraints, possible uses, structural stability or costs and returns. These issues willbe considered in the development of conservationproposals. Guidelines for the development of conservation proposals are the subject of another document.

1.4 Skills required

In accordance with Article 4 of the Burra Charter,the study of a place should make use of all relevantdisciplines. The professional skills required for suchstudy are not common. It cannot, for example, beassumed that anyone practitioner will have the fullrange of skills required to assess cultural significanceand prepare a statement. Sometimes in the course ofthe task it will be necessary to engage additionalpractitioners with special expertise.

1.0

Contents

1.0 Prefacel.l Intention of Guidelines1.2 Applicability1.3 Need to establish cultural significancelA Skills required1.5 Issues not considered

2.0 The Concept of Cultural Significance2.1 Introduction2.2 Aesthetic value2.3 Historic value2.4 Scientific value2.5 Social value2.6 Other approaches

3.0 The Establishment of Cultural Significance3.1 Introduction3.2 Collection of information3.3 The assessment of cultural significance

3.3.1 Extent of recording3.3.2 Disturbance of the fabric3.3.3 Hypotheses

3.4 Statement of cultural significance3.5 lhe report

3.5.1 Content3.5.2 Written material3.5.3 Graphic material3.5.4 Sources

4.0 Procedures for Undertaking the Task4.1 Brief4.2 Responsibility for the content of the report4.3 Draft report4,4 Urgent action4.5 Additional expenditure4.6 Recommendations for further investigation4.7 Exhibition and comment4.8 Further evidence4.9 Permanent archive

These guidelines for the establishment of culturalsignificance were adopted by Australia ICOMOS on 14April 1984. They explain aspects of Articles 6, 23, 25 and28 of the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (Burra Charter)and should be read in conjunction with the Charter.

Appendix 2

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

GUIDELINES TO THE

BURRA CHARTER:

I

II

II

III

III

II

'I

il1 1I .I

II

.' I

I


The meaning \.)1' these terms in the context \.)1' -:ultural~ignificance i~ di~cussed below. It 'ihould be notedthat they arc not mutually exclusive. for example architectural 'ityle has both historic and ac~thctic

aspects.

2.2 Aesthetic value

Aesthetic value includes aspects of sensory perception for which criteria can and should be ~tated. Suchcriteria may include consideration of the form. scale,colour, texture and material of the fabric; the 'imellsand sounds associated with the place and its use; andalso the aesthetic values commonly assessed in theanalysis of landscape and townscape.

2.3 Historic value

Historic value encompasses the history of aesthetics,science and society and therefore to a large extentunderlies all of the terms set out in this section.

A place may have historic value because it has influenced. or has been influenced by, an historicfigure, event. phase or activity. It may also havehistoric value as the site of an important event.Places in which evidence of the association or eventsurvives in situ, or in which the settings are substantially intact, are of greater significance than thosewhich are much changed or in which evidence doesnot survive. However, some events or associationsmay be so important that the place retains itssigni ficance regardless of subsequent treatment.

2.4 Scientific value

The scientific or research value of a place will dependupon the importance of the data involved, on its rarity, quality or representativeness, and on the degree towhich the place may contribute further substantialinformation.

2.5 Social value

Social value embraces the qualities for which a placehas become a focus of spiritual, political. national orother cultural sentiment to a majority or minoritygroup.

2.6 Other approaches

The categorisation into aesthetic, historic. scientificand social values is one approach to understandingthe concept of cultural significance. However, moreprecise categories may be developed as understanding of a particular place increases.

3.0 The Establishment of CulturalSignificance

3.1 Introduction

In establIshing the cultural significance of a place it isnecessary to assess all the information relevant to anunderstanding of the place and its fabric. The taskincludes a report comprising written material andgraphic material. The contents of the report should

be arranged to 'iuit the place and the limitations onthe ta~k. but it will generally be in two ,ections: fir'>t.the as~essment of cultural significance (see 3.2 and3.3) and ~econd. the statement of culturalsignificance (see 3"+).

3.2 Collection of information

Information relevant to the assessment of culturalsignificance should be collected. Such informationconcerns:

a) the developmental sequence of the place and itsrelationship to the surviving fabric;

b) the existence and nature of lost or obliteratedfabric;

c) the rarity or technical interest of all or any partof the place;

d) the functions of the place and its parts;

e) the relationship of the place and its parts with itssetting;

f) the cultural influences which have affected theform and fabric of the place;

g) the significance of the place to people who use orhave used the place, or descendants of suchpeople;

h) the historical content of the place with particularreference to the ways in which its fabric has beeninfluenced by historical forces or has itself influenced the course of history;

i) the scientific or research potential of the place;

j) the relationship of the place to other places, forexample in respect of design, technology, use,locality or origin;

k) any other factor relevant to an understanding ofthe particular place.

3.3 The assessment of cultural significance

The assessment of cultural significance follows thecollection of information.

The validity of the judgments will depend upon thecare with which the data is collected and the reasoning applied to it.

In assessing cultural significance the practitioner-. should state conclusions. Unresolved aspects should

be identified.

Whatever may be considered the principalsignificance of a place, all other aspects ofsignificance should be given consideration.

3.3.1 Extent of recording

In assessing these matters a practitionershould record the place sufficiently to providea basis for the necessary discussion of thefacts. During such recording any obviouslyurgent problems endangering the place, suchas stability and security, should be reported tothe client.

IIIIIIIIII

'I-

IIIIIIII

3.3.2 Di~[Urbance l)f the fabricDisturhance of the fabric at this stage ~houlJ

be )lriclly \vilhin the lerms of Artide 24 vf lheBurra Charter. which is explained in separaleGuidelines.

3.3.3 HypothesesHypotheses. however expert or informed,should not be presented as established fact.Feasible or possible hypotheses should be setout. with the evidence for and against them,and the line of reasoning which has beenfollowed. Any attempt which has been madeto check a hypothesis should be recorded. soas to avoid repeating fruitless research.

3A Statement of cultural significance

The practitioner should prepare a succinct statementof cultural significance, supported by, or crossreferenced to. sufficient graphic material to helpidentify the fabric of cultural significance.

It is essential that the statement be clear and pithY,expressing simply why the place is of value but notrestating the physical or documentary evidence.

3.5 The report

3.5.1 ContentThe report will comprise written material andgraphic material and will present an assessment of cultural significance and a statementof cultural significance.In order to avoid unnecessary bulk, onlymaterial directly relevant to the process ofassessing cultural significance and to makinga statement of cultural significance should beincluded.

3.5.2 Written materialThe text should be clearly set out and easy tofollow. In addition to the assessment andstatement of cultural significance as set out in3.2 and 3.3 it should include:a) name of the client;b) names of all the practitioners engaged in

the task;c) authorship of the report;d) date;e) brief or outline of brief;f) constraints on the task: for example.

time, money, expertise;

g) sources: refer to 3.5.4.

3.5.3 Graphic materialGraphic material may include maps, plans,drawings, diagrams, sketches, photographsand tables, and should be reproduced withsufficient quality for the purposes of interpretation.All components discussed in the report shouldbe identified in the graphic material. Suchcomponents should identified and describedin a schedule.

DetaIled drawings may not be necessary. Adiagram may best assist the purpose of thereport.Graphic material which does not serve aspecific purpose should not be induded.

3.5.4 SourcesAll sources used in the task must be cited withsufficient precision to enable others to locatethem.It is necessary for all sources consulted to belisted, even if not cited.All major sources or collections not consultedbut believed to have potential usefulness inestablishing cultural significance should belisted.In respect of source material privately heldthe name and address of the owner should begiven, but only with the owner's consent.

4.0 Procedures for Undertaking the Task

4.1 BriefBefore undertaking the task, the client and the practitioner should agree upon:

a) the extent of the place and any aspect which requires intensive investigation;

b) the dates for the commencement of the task.submission of the draft report and submission ofthe final report;

c) the fee or the basis upon which fees will be paid;

d) the use of any joint consultant, sub-consultantor other practitioner with special expertise;

e) the basis for any further investigation which maybe required within the terms of section 4.5 ofthese Guidelines;

f) the representative of the client to whom the practitioner will be responsible in the course of thetask;

g) the sources, material or services to be suppliedby the client;

h) any requirements for the format or reproductionof the report;

D the number of copies of the report to be suppliedat each stage;

j) copyright and confidentiality;

k) the conditions under which the report may bepublished by the client, the practitioner orothers;

I) the proced~re. f.or any required exhibition of thereport and consideration of comment upon it.

4.2 Responsibility for content of report

The content of the report is the responsibility of thepractitioner. The report may not be amendedwithout the agreement of the practitioner.

,;


".3 Draft reportIt is useful for [he report to be presented to the dientin draft form to ensure that it is understood and ~o

that the pra~[itioner may receive the dient's comments.

4.4 Urgent action

Where it becomes clear that urgent action isnecessary to avert a threat to the fabric involving, forexample, stability or security, the client should benotified immediately.

4.5 Additional expenditure

Where it becomes clear that some aspect of the taskwill incur additional expenditure by requiring moreinvestigation or more expertise than has beenallowed, the client should be informed immediately.

4.6 Recommendations for further investigation

In respect of major unresolved aspects of culturalsignificance, recommendations for further investigation should be made only where:

a) the client has been informed of the need for suchinvestigation at the appropriate stage and it hasbeen impossible to have it undertaken within thebudget and time constraints of the task;

b) further information i~ anticipated a~ a result ofdisturbance of the fabric which would not beproper at this stage, but which will become appropriate in the future (see Guidelines for Article24 of the Burra Charter).

Such recommendations should indicate what aspectsof significance might be established by such study.

".7 Exhibition and comment

The report for any project of public interest shouldbe exhibited in order that interested bodies and thepublic may comment and reasonable time should beallowed for the receipt and consideration of comment.

".8 Further evidenceIf after the completion of the report further evidenceis revealed, for example by disturbance of the fabricor as a result of further investigation or public comment, it is desirable for such evidence to be referredto the original practitioner so that the report may beamended if necessary.

4.9 Permanent archive

A copy of the report should be placed in a permanentarchive and made publicly available.

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII_~

APPERDIX D

Inventory of Equipment Used at

William Farrer Flour Mill, 1980s.

(Goodman Fielder Mills Ltd)

, ., '

Source: Goodman Fielder Mills Ltd (Mr A Reid).

STRATHFIELD


List of equipment operating in the mill up to the time ofclosure: March 6th 1987.

1 off1 offl·off1 off1 off1 off1 off1 off1 off2 off1 off1 off

2 off1 off7 off7 off1 off1 off

·2 off1 off1 off8 off9 off

7 off9 off5 off1 off

belts, etc

Silos

Separator type RZm 550Haliday exhaust fan size 4Dust collector ty~e DUm 64Measurers type BQ OA DL (580B)Measurers nExact" M3lADust collector ImpulseBucket elevators (various sizes)Drag chain conveyors (various sizes)Worm.Conveyors (various sizes)Blowline Aerzener GL 10.0 2.5" dia.SpoutingExhaust ductingTransmission equipment - lineshafts,

Screenroom - (Wheat Cleaning)

Miag impact grain cleaner 85100 - 7.5 vs.Ultra indent cylinders type TSUWF 100Simon stoneratorBrush sifterAspirator JBM size 12"Screenings GrinderAspirator (home made) 30" x 8"Miag gravity separator type ZS 90/60Buhler dust collector type MVRS 70/24Exhaust fansAvery weigher type 41 (200 lbs/tip)Isca miniflow feed balancerDrum magnetSimon "Exact" measurers type 3lAFlowrator damperElevators (bucket) various sizesWorm conveyors various sizesBin dischargers twin wormBin discharger single wormExhaust ductingSp<?uting

IIIII·1

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••II_I

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Mill

Robinson JEm 60 x 10 Rollermill" "50 x 10 "" "40 x 10 "" "40 x 10/13 "" MEm 60 x 10 "

Robinson (type) plansifters PSm/l 4x20 (home-made)Brush sifters type Le CoqSimon purifiers timber type lp' 18" doubleRobinson in line impactor type SOAm S5 °

Simon sentry impact mill type M3Miag strato fractor 50/2Simon Entoleter type HI0Drum DetachersBrush scalpers type TSD (home-made)Paradox bran finisher type KLS-CKMiag vibro sifter type K 35100Vibratory feeder type Van GelderLoring centricity humidifieorWorm conveyors <various sizes)AgitatorBlowlines (various sizes)Pneumatic conveying system 28 liftsDust collectors (various)FansPulford air compressorHydrovane air compressorExhaust ducting ,SpoutingLineshafts and transmission equipment

Finished Products

Robinson auger packers type AUnion special sewing headsDrag chain conveyorWorm conveyors (various sizes)Southern Engineering bin activatorsBin dischargers augers 12 A

Worm conveyorBlowline Aerzener15.l0 6" diam lineDCE vent unit V12F

° Spouting

Main Motor

375hp x 375rpm open type Metropolitan Vicars<Rollermill drives only).

1 off4 off6 off3 off2 off6 off2 off4 o:f;f2 off1 off2 off1 off5 off2 off2 off2 off1 off1 off

20 off1 off6 off1 off3 off4 off

5 off2 off1 off3 off3 off3 off1 off1 off5 off

..