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Assessing vulnerability to wildfire of an agroforestry landscape mosaic of Sierra de Gata, southwestern Spain.
· Bertomeu Manuel1 · Corbacho Javier2 · Pulido Fernando1 · Navalpotro Javier2 · Palomo Gonzalo2 · Giménez Juan Carlos1 · Moreno Gerardo1.1 INDEHESA, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura. Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain. 2 MOSAICO-Extremadura, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura. Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain.
Authors:
Wild�res have increasingly become a threat to the Mediterranean mountain forests of southern Europe. Extensive afforestation with �ammable pine species, abandonment of traditional land management practices, and longer and more intense droughts due to climate change result in larger and more frequent and intense forest �res. Mosaic landscapes consisting of a mix of different land cover and use type are considered to be less vulnerable than forests to wild�re. Interspersed patches of crops, pastures, and grazed shrubs and forests break-up the continuity of hazardous fuels across the landscape, and provide safer zones from which �res can be suppressed (�gures 1 and 2).
Mosaico-Extremadura is a project that aims to restore an agroforestry mosaic landscape in Sierra de Gata, a mountainous area in southwestern Spain prone to anthropogenic �res. A multidisciplinary team of technicians facilitate farmer planning and implementation of agricultural and forestry livelihood interventions (e.g., tree farming; grazing management, resin tapping), training, and negotiation and coordination with local government and forestry authorities. The project rests on the idea that agricultural interventions at strategic locations within forests and at the forest-agriculture interface will function as effective, and productive �rebreaks. However, whether these interventions will nudge the current landscape towards a more �re resilient one remains uncertain.
Introduction
To assess the vulnerability to �re of the hypothetical landscape mosaic that would result if all interventions proposed by farmers involved in the Mosaico project were implemented.
Objetive
Next steps
Table 1. Estimated �re risk of the landscape previous to project intervention.
Table 2. Potential impact of project interventions on reducing �re risk.
1. To conduct a retrospective sensitivity assessment
2. To conduct �re simulations and assessments of exposure to wild�re, sensitivity and resilience of the hypothetical landscape under different project success scenarios and after project completion.
References: Vaillant, et al., 2016, CurrForestryRep, 201–213, DOI 10.1007/s40725-016-0040-1
Results
Sierra de Gata is a mountainous area in southwestern Spain that extends over 150,000 ha, of which 70,000 ha are forests of Pinus Pinaster. It comprises a population of 22,728 in 20 villages. Agricultural production include olive, chestnut and fruit trees and goat and sheep grazing in an area of 30.000 ha. Forests provide timber, resin, NTFPs (mushrooms) and recreation.
The vulnerability assessment framework (VAF) proposed by Vaillant et al. (2016) is used. VAF’s components, exposure, sensitivity, and resilience, will be measured �rst in a retrospective assessment of landscape vulnerability, followed by a predictive, comparative assessment under different scenarios of project success, including the ‘business as usual’ (without project).
GIS analysis includes:
• Spatial-temporal characterization of the occurrence of �res according to the national database (EGIF) of the Ministry of the Environment.
• The development of variables dependent on �re risk (altitude, slope, vegetation, anthropic elements and fuel models).
• Reclassi�cation of variables according to risk through a range of values.
• Map algebra: a combination of the different variables generated with the Mosaico project initiatives.
Methods and materialsStudy area
Wildfires
2.298
37.500Burnt area (ha.)
Very low / NullLowMediumHighVery high
Altitude index
Very low / NullLowMediumHigh
Slope index
LowMediumHigh
Fuel models index
LowMediumHigh
Vegetation index
LowMediumHigh
Valverde del fresno
Eljas
San Martón de Trevejo
Villamiel Hoyos Villasbuenas de Gata
Perales del Puerto
Gata
Cilleros
AceboGata Cadalso
Torre de Don MiguelHernán-Pérez
Santibáñez el Alto Villanueva de la Sierra
Cadalso
Descargamaría
Robledillo de GataPinofranqueado
Caminomorisco
La Pesga
Casar de Palomero
Torrecilla de los Ángeles
Nuñomoral
Casares de las HurdesLadrillar
Legend
Simbology
Municipalities
Fire perimeter
< 1 has.
1 - 25 has.
25 - 50 has.
50 - 100 has.
100 - 200 has.
200 - 300 has.a
Assessment framework
Results
Figures 1 and 2. Productive firebreaks in a forest landscape: unburnt olive and chestnut orchards surrounded by a Pinus pinaster forest destroyed by fire. Sierra de Gata, Cáceres
Cilleros
Gata
Valverde del Fresno
Caminomorisco
Pinofranqueado
Acebo
Villamiel
Nuñomoral
Eljas
Ladrillar
Santibáñez el Alto
Gata
Descargamaría
Hernán-Pérez
Hoyos Villasbuenas de Gata
La Pesga
Perales del Puerto
Villanueva de la Sierra
Casar de Palomero
Torrecilla de los Ángeles
Robledillo de Gata
Casares de las Hurdes
Torre de Don Miguel
Cadalso
San Martín de Trevejo
Cadalso
Cadalso
0 6 123 Kilometros
Ü
Riesgo de incendio en iniciativas mosaicoMuy Bajo
Bajo
Medio
Alto
Muy Alto
Mapa de Riesgo de Incendio en propuestas de Iniciativas Mosaico
Very low / NullLowMediumHighVery High
1,27%
42,51%
26,24%
20,27%
9,72%
Muy Bajo/nulo
Bajo
Medio
Alto
Muy Alto
0,05%
21,76%
36,53%
30,22%
11,43%
Muy Bajo/nulo
Bajo
Medio
Alto
Muy Alto
Wildfire occurrence and extent during the period 2000-2015:
Very low / NullLowMediumHighVery High
Potential impact of project interventions on reducing fire risk
1,27%
54,22%
20,76%
15,73%
8,01%
Muy Bajo/nulo
Bajo
Medio
Alto
Muy Alto
Cilleros
Gata
Valverde del Fresno
Caminomorisco
Pinofranqueado
Acebo
Villamiel
Nuñomoral
Eljas
Ladrillar
Santibáñez el Alto
Gata
Descargamaría
Hernán-Pérez
Hoyos Villasbuenas de Gata
La Pesga
Perales del Puerto
Villanueva de la Sierra
Casar de Palomero
Torrecilla de los Ángeles
Robledillo de Gata
Casares de las Hurdes
Torre de Don Miguel
Cadalso
San Martín de Trevejo
Cadalso
Cadalso
0 6 123 Kilometros
Ü
clip_riesgo_iniciativas
Muy Bajo
Bajo
Medio
Alto
Muy Alto
Mapa de Riesgo de Incendio en propuestas de Iniciativas Mosaico
Map 4. Map 3.
Map 2.
Fire risk in proposed project areas
Estimated fire risk of the landscape previous to project intervention
Very LowLowMediumHighVery High
2.073,3669.246,7242.741,7433.014,8115.828,81
Values Area (has.)Very LowLowMediumHighVery High
=+ 11,71-5,48-4,54-1,72
Values Area (%)