Assessing the Water-Food-Energy- Ecosystems Nexus in the ... · Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies

Deuxième Atelier Régional SASSÉvaluation Nexus Eau – Alimentation - Energie - Ecosystèmes dans le SASS

Hammamet, Tunisie, 18 – 19 Juin 2019

Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in the North-Western

Sahara Aquifer

Youssef Almulla

Division of Energy Systems Analysis – Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Stockholm - Sweden

Water Energy Agriculture Environment

Governance

&

international

cooperation

1. Enhance local water management

including by: revitalising participatory

models in oasis and enhancing the

enforcement of existing laws on water.

2. Reinforce transboundary

cooperation for sustainable

groundwater resource management.

6. Enhance mechanisms for the

coordination of energy

development with other

sectoral plans, to anticipate

tradeoffs and build on

intersectoral synergies.

9. Set up agricultural policies

oriented toward reasonable,

sustainable and productive

agriculture.

10. Valorize local products and

strengthen programs for a

more balanced diet while

involving young people and

women in economic and social

development of the oases.

13. Increase awareness of the

trade-offs and synergies between

different sectors in public

institutions.

Economic &

Policy

Instruments

3. Set up dedicated policies and related

incentives for wastewater reuse in

agriculture and urban areas.

4. Strengthening water demand

management, including through water

saving programs.

7. Develop a sustainable

program for diversified, multi-

purpose renewable energy and

the sustainable upscale of

small-scale solar irrigation.

11. Promote the circular

economy including

agroecological practices, by

means of ad-hoc economic

measures and social

instrument.

14. Upgrade inter-sectoral

cooperation based on a detailed

water balance of the aquifer that

includes sectoral demands as well

as environmental needs.

Infrastructure

& Innovation

5. Upscale the use of non-conventional

water resources through desalination

and wastewater treatment.

8. Improve the reliability of the

electricity grid in the rural area,

thereby enhancing the

integration of renewables for

remote and multiple uses.

12. Enhance innovative

practices and techniques for

sustainable soil and crop

management and invest in

their upscaling and

dissemination.

15. Systematize environmental

and social impact assessment for

all new infrastructure (large and

small scale).

Solution Package 1 Solution Package 3Solution Package 2

• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.

• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.

• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.


Governance

&

international

cooperation

1. Enhance local water

management including by:

revitalising participatory

models in oasis and

enhancing the enforcement

of existing laws on water.



groundwater resource

management.

6. Enhance mechanisms

for the coordination of

energy development

with other sectoral

plans, to anticipate



9. Set up agricultural

policies oriented

toward reasonable,

sustainable and

productive agriculture.

10. Valorize local

products and

strengthen programs

for a more balanced

diet while involving

young people and

women in economic

and social development

of the oases.

13. Increase awareness of

the trade-offs and

synergies between


institutions.

Economic &

Policy

Instruments

3. Set up dedicated policies

and related incentives for

wastewater reuse in


4. Strengthening water

demand management,

including through water

saving programs.


program for diversified,

multi-purpose

renewable energy and

the sustainable upscale

of small-scale solar

irrigation.

11.

Promote the circular

economy including

agroecological

practices, by means of

ad-hoc economic

measures and social

instrument.


cooperation based on a

detailed water balance of

the aquifer that includes

sectoral demands as well


Infrastructur

e &

Innovation

5. Upscale the use of non-

conventional water

resources through

desalination and

wastewater treatment.

8. Improve the reliability

of the electricity grid in

the rural area, thereby

enhancing the

integration of

renewables for remote

and multiple uses.


practices and

techniques for

sustainable soil and

crop management and

invest in their upscaling

and dissemination.

15. Systematize

environmental and social

impact assessment for all

new infrastructure (large

and small scale).

➢Action 1: Setting up an effectivecoordination mechanism on the national level between energy and other sectors.


• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.



➢Action 2: Upscaling the existing coordinationforms (i.e. cross-sectoral committees) toensure sustainability.





https://globalhealthafrica.org

➢Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies.





➢Action 4: Setting-up a transboundary energy group of experts to oversee the energy issues in the NWSAS region.




• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses. STEG, 2017

➢Action 5: Motivate the energy sector to involve effectively in the dialogues at the transboundary level.





Algiers, 2017

➢ Action 1: Setting up an effective coordination mechanism on the national level between energy and other sectors to overcome the challenges and ensure an integrated strategy of the energy sector that looks at other sectors as partners rather than competitors on resources. Not to mention, the need for a procedural framework for cooperation and harmonization of effort and measures between sectors.

➢ Action 2: Upscaling the existing coordination forms (i.e. cross-sectoral committees) and taking them further to ensure sustainability, effectiveness and systematization of cross-sectoral coordination.

➢ Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies and collaborate with other sectors to address them, and incorporate that knowledge in planning and operations.

➢ Action 4: Setting-up a transboundary energy group of experts that involves representatives from the energy ministries, utilities as well as other energy stakeholders to oversee the energy issues in the NWSAS region and connect the basin’s needs to the national energy policymaking and planning process.

➢ Action 5: Motivate the energy sector to involve effectively in the dialogues at the transboundary level.





Leading Actors: (National Level)

• Algeria:

• Ministry of Energy and Mines.

• Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy.

• National Agency for the Promotion and Rationalization of Energy Use (APRUE).

• The Ministry of Agriculture, rural development and Fisheries. (MADRP).

• Ministry of Water Resources.

• Tunisia:

• Ministry of Industry and SMEs.

• The electricity and gas company (STEG).

• The Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries (MARHP).

• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy.

• Libya:

• General Electricity Company of Libya (GECOL).

• The Renewable Energy Authority.

• The National Oil Corporation.

• Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Marine

• General Water Authority

• General Environment Authority





Leading Actors: (Transboundary)

• Coordination mechanism.

• Country focal points.

• Energy group of experts.









• Action 1: Develop a scheme to support farmers to use and upscale solar irrigation and reduce the use of fossil fuel-based irrigation.

http://www.icastusa.org

http://www.icastusa.org/





• Action 2: Technical and economical (e.g. fiscal incentives) regulatory measures and tools to avoid overexploitation of groundwater resources.





• Action 3: The development of a multi-purpose scheme that aggregates energy demand and split the cost of solar energy between different activities.

https://www.iea.org/access2017

https://www.iea.org/access2017





• Action 4: Support the development and diversification of renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy, biomass and waste-to-energy projects.

Source: https://www.konecranes.com





• Action 5: Restructuring fossil subsidies is very important for the shift towards more renewables.

https://www.weforum.org/

https://www.weforum.org/





• Action 6: Facilitate information and experience sharing between countries is key to accomplish meaningful transboundary policies.

https://www.123rf.com





• Action 7: Support capacity building and show transparency about the use of water to build trust between administrations and farmers and to raise awareness in the basin.

Image: World bank





• Action 8: Enforcement of laws is needed to avoid the overexploitation of groundwater resources in the three countries.

https://www.watereducation.org/topic-public-trust-doctrine

https://www.watereducation.org/topic-public-trust-doctrine

• Action 1: Develop a scheme to support farmers to use and upscale solar irrigation and reduce the use of fossil fuel-based irrigation. Which provides better access to energy sources, reduce pollution from fossil fuels and support the growth of the agricultural sector.

• Action 2: The aforementioned action, should be coupled with the required technical (i.e. monitoring meters) and economical (e.g. fiscal incentives, regulatory measures) tools to avoid overexploitation of groundwater resources.

• Action 3: The development of a multi-purpose scheme that aggregates energy demand (e.g. irrigation and water desalination, potable water conveyance, lighting and heating) and split the cost of solar energy between different activities, which can increase the competitiveness of solar energy.

• Action 4: Support the development and diversification of renewable energy sources by making use of more unconventional resources such as geothermal energy, biomass and waste-to-energy projects.

• Action 5: Restructuring fossil subsidies is very important for the shift towards more renewables, however it has a high social and economic sensitivity that requires wise and gradual change.

• Action 6: Facilitate information and experience sharing between countries is key to accomplish meaningful transboundary policies.

• Action 7: Support capacity building and show transparency about the use of water to build trust between administrations and farmers and to raise awareness in the basin about the importance of shifting to renewable energy, energy efficiency and rational use of water resources.

• Action 8: Enforcement of laws is needed to avoid the overexploitation of groundwater resources in the three countries, by regulating farmers who make inefficient use of the resource.










• Algeria:



• The Ministry of Agriculture, rural development and Fisheries. (MADRP).

• Ministry of Water Resources.

• Tunisia:



• The Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries (MARHP).

• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy.

• Libya:




• General Water Authority







• Country focal points.






• Action 1: Strengthening of the grid in the southern parts to be able to support the growing demand as well as to accommodate intermittent renewable energy.

image: Stock, https://www.esi-africa.com/

https://www.esi-africa.com/





• Action 2: Development of the interconnection between the northern grid and southern grid in Sahara (in the case of Algeria).





• Action 3: Proper maintenance and/or rehabilitation of the damaged transmission lines and substations due to the war in Libya is needed.

Sources: https://www.libyaobserver.ly

https://www.libyaobserver.ly/opinions/12-hours-daily-power-outage-libya-it-politically-driven





• Action 4: Develop financial supporting schemes and required technical setups to support individuals to generate solar energy and sell surplus electricity to the grid.

http://solarproductspro.com/solar-202-net-metering/

http://solarproductspro.com/solar-202-net-metering/





• Action 5: Supporting and upscaling the smart metering system is an important step toward the smart grid approach.

STEG, 2017





• Action 6: At the transboundary level, the grid can be strengthened so the electricity exchange between countries can be enhanced and the integration of renewables could reach even higher levels.

• Action 1: Strengthening of the grid in the southern parts to be able to support the growing demand as well as to accommodate intermittent renewable energy. This might require maintaining or upgrading the current transmission network and substations as well as adding new transmission lines and substations.

• Action 2: Development of the interconnection between the northern grid and southern grid in Sahara (in the case of Algeria).

• Action 3: Proper maintenance and/or rehabilitation of the damaged transmission lines and substations due to the war in Libya is needed, to meet the growing electricity demand and avoid power failure during high load hours.

• Action 4: Develop financial supporting schemes and required technical setups to support individuals to generate solar energy and sell surplus electricity to the grid.

• Action 5: Supporting and upscaling the smart metering system is an important step toward the smart grid approach.

• Action 6: At the transboundary level, the grid can be strengthened so the electricity exchange between countries can be enhanced and the integration of renewables could reach even higher levels.










• Algeria:


• Tunisia:



• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy?

• Libya:








• Electricity Utilities.


• COMELEC.


• Solution 13: Increase awareness of the trade-offs and synergies between different sectors in public institutions.

• Solution 14: Upgrade inter-sectoral cooperation based on a detailed water balance of the aquifer that includes sectoral demands as well as environmental needs.

• Solution 15: Systematizeenvironmental and social impactassessment for all new infrastructure(large and small scale).


Governance

&

international

cooperation

1. Enhance local water

management including by:

revitalising participatory

models in oasis and

enhancing the enforcement

of existing laws on water.



groundwater resource

management.

6. Enhance mechanisms

for the coordination of

energy development

with other sectoral

plans, to anticipate



9. Set up agricultural

policies oriented

toward reasonable,

sustainable and

productive agriculture.

10. Valorize local

products and

strengthen programs

for a more balanced

diet while involving

young people and

women in economic

and social development

of the oases.

13. Increase awareness of

the trade-offs and

synergies between


institutions.

Economic &

Policy

Instruments

3. Set up dedicated policies

and related incentives for

wastewater reuse in


4. Strengthening water

demand management,

including through water

saving programs.


program for diversified,

multi-purpose

renewable energy and

the sustainable upscale

of small-scale solar

irrigation.

11.

Promote the circular

economy including

agroecological

practices, by means of

ad-hoc economic

measures and social

instrument.


cooperation based on a

detailed water balance of

the aquifer that includes

sectoral demands as well


Infrastructur

e &

Innovation

5. Upscale the use of non-

conventional water

resources through

desalination and

wastewater treatment.

8. Improve the reliability

of the electricity grid in

the rural area, thereby

enhancing the

integration of

renewables for remote

and multiple uses.


practices and

techniques for

sustainable soil and

crop management and

invest in their upscaling

and dissemination.

15. Systematize

environmental and social

impact assessment for all

new infrastructure (large

and small scale).




• Solution 15: Systematize environmentaland social impact assessment for allnew infrastructure (large and smallscale).

• Action 1: Carrying out Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for all energy infrastructure projects ranging from power generation, to national grid extensions and or transboundary interconnections.

• Action 2: Taking effective mitigation measures for the identified environmental and social impacts and risks (in the ESIA). As well as developing Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).

• Action 3: Establishing an effective coordination mechanism between sectors (as discussed in solution 7) is a key enabler to systemize the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).






• Algeria:



• Tunisia:

• Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.



• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy?

• Libya:



• The National Oil Corporation.


• General Water Authority.

• General Environment Authority.








Deuxième Atelier Régional SASSÉvaluation Nexus Eau – Alimentation - Energie - Ecosystèmes dans le SASS

Hammamet, Tunisie, 18 – 19 Juin 2019

Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in the North-Western

Sahara Aquifer

Youssef Almulla

Division of Energy Systems Analysis – Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Stockholm - Sweden

Documents

Assessing the Water-Food-Energy- Ecosystems Nexus in the ... · Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies