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Assessing Intelligence. AP Psychology. Alfred Binet. Alfred Binet and his colleague Théodore Simon practiced a more modern form of intelligence testing Developed questions that would predict children’s future progress in the Paris school system. Alfred Binet —Mental Age. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Assessing IntelligenceAP Psychology
+Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet and his colleague Théodore Simon practiced a more modern form of intelligence testing Developed questions
that would predict children’s future progress in the Paris school system.
+Alfred Binet—Mental Age
Alfred Binet was the first to develop a test to classify children’s mental abilities- Did not test mastery of schoolwork or what
they should know after a specific class,Rather a child’s mental abilities that
included memory, attention, which he referred to as mental age (definition to follow).
+Alfred Binet—Mental Age There are certain mental
abilities that a person should be able to perform at a specific age- this is referred to as mental age.
This mental age described where a person should be intelligently. For example: a 9 year old
should have a mental age of 9.
If a child who is 11, but has a mental age of 5 would be considered or may have a disability
+The Stanford-Binet Test and Intelligent Quotient
Lewis Terman adapted Binet’s test for use in the United States, which he called the Stanford-Binet test
William Stern wrote the scoring criteria for the Stanford-Binet test through the development of the Intelligence quotient
+ Lewis Terman & William SternStanford-Binet IQ Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test IQ=(MA/CA)*100 IQ=Intelligence Quotient MA=Mental Age CA=Chronological AgeA score of 100 would be considered average
+Calculating Intelligence
For an average 7 yr old… MA=7 CA=7 IQ=(MA/CA)*100 IQ=(7/7)*100 IQ=1*100 IQ=100 (average)
+Calculating IntelligenceFor an average 11 yr old…
MA=11CA=11IQ=(MA/CA)*100IQ=(11/11)*100IQ=1*100IQ=100
+Calculating Intelligence
For an above average 10 yr old…MA=12CA=10IQ=(MA/CA)*100IQ=(12/10)*100IQ=1.2*100IQ=120
+Calculating Intelligence
For a below average 8 yr old…MA=6CA=8IQ=(MA/CA)*100IQ=(6/8)*100IQ=.75*100IQ=75
+Calculating IntelligenceFormula has been replaced with modern versionsA glitch…
MA levels off at about 18xAverage 18 yr oldMA=18CA=18IQ=(18/18)*100IQ=(1/1)*100=100
Average 36 yr oldMA=18CA=36IQ=(18/36)*100IQ=(1/2)*100=50
+Intelligence TestsHow is intelligence measured?
+Intelligence TestsBinet-Simon scale
First test of intelligence, developed to identify children who might have difficulty in school
Binet developed the concept of mental age in children
Stanford-Binet scale L. M. Terman’s adaptation of the Binet-Simon
scale Terman introduced the I.Q. score A score of 100 is considered average
+Aptitude vs. Achievement
Designed to make predictions about future performances An ACT test is
considered an aptitude test because the score is used as a predictor for success in college
Designed to reflect what a person has learned, or mastered A test you take in
history would be an achievement test because it is assessing what you have learned in history
Aptitude Tests Achievement Tests
+David Wechsler
Wechsler developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
And later the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), an intelligence test for preschoolers.
+The WAIS
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the most widely used intelligence test in the United StatesThe WAIS has 2 sets of tests, verbal scale
and performance scaleWAIS measures overall intelligence and 11
other aspects related to intelligence that are designed to assess clinical and educational problems.
+WAIS
+Intelligence TestsGroup Tests
Intelligence tests that can be given to large groups
Advantages Quick scoring No examiner bias Easier to establish norms
Disadvantages Less likely to detect someone who is ill or confused Might make people nervous Learning disabled children often perform worse
+Intelligence Tests
Performance tests Tests that minimize the use of language Used to test very young children or people with
retardation Also can be used to test those unfamiliar with English
Culture-fair tests Tests designed to reduce cultural bias Minimize skills and values that vary from one culture
to another
+Test ConstructionHow is test data analyzed?
+ Principles of test ConstructionNormal Curve is a bell shaped curve that
includes a normal distribution of scores- half above the average and half below the
average with most scores falling right around the
average- the mean
+Flynn EffectIn the past 60 years, intelligence scores
have risen steadily by an average of 27 points. This phenomenon is known as the Flynn effect.
What might be contributing to this?
+ Principles of test Construction Mean is the average score median is score in the middle-
the high point of the curve mode is the score or number
that appears the most standard deviation is how the
scores deviate or spread from the mean if the mean is 71 and a person
scores a 4 then that score would have high, or great standard deviation
+ Principles of test Construction Standardization is defining
present scores through comparison to a group who previously took the test that is called the representative sample
A teacher often compares present class scores to past scores to ensure students learning the material. For example if a class averaged
51 and the group who took the same test last year averaged 75, then the teacher may have not properly taught the material to the present group
+ Principles of test Construction
Reliability is the measure of giving a test multiple times and receiving similar scores each time the test is given A test is considered
reliable if each time that test is given similar results are posted.
+ Principles of test Construction—Testing Reliability
Alternative form- giving alternatives of the same test If you took test form B, you should get the same
score if you took form A test Split-half- calculating a score by dividing the test
into different parts then comparing Comparing the odd and even questions would be
an example of split-half reliability. Test-retest- giving the same test twice and then
comparing the scores
+ Principles of test Construction
Validity is the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure
+ Principles of test Construction—Testing Validity
Content validity- test measures the content it is supposed to measure If you are studying psychology, then you should take a
psychology test- not a history test
Construct validity- test measures a specific theory, or question Certain questions may be written to test if students are
paying attention in class- based on lectures
Predictive validity- test makes predictions about future performances Certain questions may be written to test whether students
will do well on the following chapter