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Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano -Engineered Materials * (* But Only Had an Hour) Michael Ochs, CIH Jonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET. ASSE December 2013. What’s in a name?. Nanotechnology Nanoscale Nano -engineered materials (NEMs) Nanoscience Nanometer! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano-Engineered Materials *
(* But Only Had an Hour)
Michael Ochs, CIHJonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET
ASSEDecember 2013
Focus Areas and Research Centers News and Events
Objectives Applied Nanoionics AINE Kick-Off WorkshopApril 4, 2008Agenda and PresentationsASU's nanotech program is ranked 6 in the nation- according to Small Times. We are also ranked #1 in commercialization and #3 in facilities for nanotechnology. The link below will provide more information. View Articles in SmallTimes
Rationale Biomolecular Integrated Circuits (CBIC)
Structure Computational Nanoscience
People Photonics Innovation
What’s in a name? Nanotechnology Nanoscale Nano-engineered materials (NEMs) Nanoscience Nanometer! (“Nano Nano!” – Mork)
Nanoscale: 1 nm = 10-9 m A sheet of paper is about 100,000
nanometers thick A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in
diameter There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one
inch A human hair is approximately 80,000-
100,000 nanometers wide
Properties of Nanoscale Materials:
• Nanomaterials have a larger surface area … (When compared to an equal mass of the same material in larger form)
• More chemically reactive ( toxicity)• Strength & electrical properties affected• Optical and magnetic behavioral changes
Hazard Identification Factors Chemical form Size Shape Surface Area Number Density Mass Agglomeration Porosity
Charge Reactivity Solubility Durability Crystalline structure Purity Antigenicity
Different Types of Nanomaterials Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Single Wall (SWNT) Multi Wall (MWNT)
Carbon Black Fullerenes, C60 Nanoclays Polymeric Nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles Silicon Dioxide Titanium Dioxide Quantum Dots
Medical app’s: Appetite Control Bone Replacement Cancer Chemical Substitutes Cholesterol Diagnostic Tests
Drug Development Hormone Therapy Imaging Immunosuppressant Medical Tools
Health and Safety Concerns Absorption
Ability to penetrate cellular membranes maybe able to past through blood brain barrier
Dermal Respiratory
Human exposures to airborne nanomaterials must be restricted.
More health effects: Mesothelioma in mice (asbestos and erionite) Pulmonary inflammation Possible fibrosis Portal effect = URI
Exposures: Need 3 different means of measurements
Mass = mg/day Surface area = m2/day Number = #/day
Potential pathways: Nose … Lower resp. tract … Lymph … Blood … Brain … CSF …
Nano Research at ASU: ‘Nanoprospecting’ project: fate/transport and
impact of nanomaterials (Paul Westerhoff) Nanoscale energy transport processes
(Patrick Phelan) CNTs in ISTB2 Others
Nano Research at ASU: AZ Initiative for Nano-Electronics (AINE)
Coordinated network nanophotonics, molecular electronics, nanoionics
and computational nanoscience ultra-low power/ultra-high speed electronics, and
hybrid biomolecular electronics at the interface between the biological and electronics worlds
CSSER, LE-CSSS and Bio-Design
Nano Research at ASU: ASU’s Center for Nanotech in Society –
world’s largest on societal aspects Research (RTTA and TRC) Education (students) Outreach (general public)
Traditional approach to keeping workers healthy…
Regulations Toxicological Data Engineering Controls Administrative Controls PPE
With nanomaterials, uncertainty creates a dilemma
Which PPE? What Regulations? Will Engineering Controls work? What Toxicological Data? Administrative Controls?
Can We Manage Exposures?Absolutely
What Methods Are Available?The Same Ones We’ve Been
Applying
Draft guidelines using numerous resources
www.goodnanoguide.org
www.goodnanoguide.org
http://goodnanoguide.org/Nanomaterial+Occupational+Risk+Management+Matrix
Do you perform exposure sampling? Quantitative sampling have been deemed not
necessary for the some risk management programs
NIOSH’s strategy relies on area sampling
What PEL to reference?
Will direct air sampling work? Particle counters are expensive
Occupational Exposure LimitsNIOSH
NIOSH RELs for Nanoscale substances
CNT and CNF 1 ug/m3
Titanium Dioxide
0.3 mg/3
Occupational Exposure LimitsOSHA
PEL’s of NanomaterialsSUBSTANCE PEL Aluminum oxide 10 mg/m3
Carbon Black 3.5 mg/m3
Magnesium oxide 10 mg/m3
Silver, metal 0.1 mg/m3
Iron Oxide 5 mg/m3
Silica, crystalline 0.25 mg/m3
Chromium, metal 0.5 mg/m3
Copper, dusts 1 mg/m3
Titanium dioxide 10 mg/m3
Tin, metal 2 mg/m3
Occupational Exposure Standards
Occupational Exposure Standards
EH&S Approach
Prudent industrial hygiene practice
Professional judgment
ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable
Determine the risk level
Low – No potential for airborne
Moderate – May become airborne
High – Likely to become airborne
Determine your risk level
NanotoolkitCalifornia Nanosafety Consortium of Higher Education
EH&S Approach Regulate all nanomaterial use through the
Chemical Safety Committee Engineering Controls – Biosafety Cabinet, HEPA filter
in specific fume hoods or self contained animal cages Administrative Controls
Developed General Guidelines Use Safer Sharps On-going evaluation of literature and studies Exposure Assessment through EH&S Hazard Assessment through PeopleSoft
PPE Lab coat Double gloving
Determine your risk level
Identify the controls needed
Engineering
Work Practices
PPE
EH&S Approach Engineering Controls – exhausted hoods
Administrative Controls Develop General Guidelines On-going evaluation of literature and studies Exposure Assessment through EH&S Hazard Assessment
PPE Lab coat (disposable non fabric) Double gloving
Determine the Controls
Exhaust Hoods
Highlight:All airborne free particulate nanomaterials should be manipulated in exhausted enclosures
Preferably Class II Type B2 hoods, or VAV fume hoods
Exhaust Hoods
Prefilters & HEPA filters will be serviced by vendors using bag in / bag out methods
Standard Operating Procedure
Hazards Controls Accident and Spill Procedures Training Disposal
References
Conclusion An effort to create prudent practices in the
absence of regulation
Utilized existing and proven risk assessment systems
Guidelines at your site