CHY PISIT, 25, IS AN ASPIRE VEGETABLE FARMER IN KAMPONG CHHLANG VILLAGE, SANGKAE DISTRICT, BATTAMBANG PROVINCE

EMPOWERING FARMING WOMEN THROUGH BUSINESS LEADERSHIP TRAINING

3

UNDERSTANDING THE MAR-

KET NEED, ALL PRODUCTS WILL BE SOLD OUT

4

MARKET COMPETITION IS A BIG BARRIER FOR SELLING VEGETABLE

5

NATIONAL AGRICUL-TURAL EXTENSION EXHI-BITION

8

CE-SAIN COLLABORATES WITH ASPIRE

10

SBK BARES BASELINE STUDY RESULTS FOR ASPIRE

13

THE GREEN REVOLUTION: AS WORLD GRASPS FOR RICE, CAMBODIA'S SUCCESS STORY

16

CENTER OF EXCELLENCE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION AND NUTRI-

TION

19

Inside this issue:

January-June , 2017 Volume 1, Issue 1

A G R I C U L T U R E S E R V I C E S P R O G R A M M E F O R I N N O V A T I O N , R E S I L I E N C E A N D E X T E N S I O N

ASPIRE Newsletter

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Agriculture Services Programme For Innovation, Resilience and Extension (ASPIRE) # 200, Preah Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia Phone: (+855) 23 22 11 20 E-mail: linna@consultant.com Website: www.aspirekh.org https://www.facebook.com/groups/aspire855/

Contact

ASPIRE Newsletter

CONTRIBUTORS

A S P I R E

Published in English Prepared and Printed in 2017 by: ASPIRE Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Funded by: Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) And International Fund for Agricultural Develop-ment (IFAD)

Volume 1, Issue 1

DR. BERNIE O‘NEILL

MR. CHIM LINNA

DR. DAVID MONTERO

DR. JAY CUMMINS

DR. MANUEL R. REYES

DR. RENATO M.. LEE

DR. SAFIYA CHARLES

MR. YIM SOKSOPHORS

EDITOR

DR. GARY LAKE

The dominance of women attending the recent fo-cus group workshops (73.5% of all participants were women) that aimed to identify adoption con-straints conducted by Dr Jay Cummins is reflective of the high participation rates of women in the ASPIRE program. In many instances women under-take the farming opera-tions whilst other family members secure off-farm laboring work to supple-ment farm household in-comes. If ASPIRE (and other pro-grams) want to influence change in farming prac-tices and management at the farm level, it is impor-tant that those farmers who are involved in the training are in a position to influence and manage decisions on-farm. There is an identified need to provide business leadership training to AS-PIRE farming women

members in an effort to increase their confidence in negotiating with input suppliers and commodity buyers, improve their decision making skills relating to production and farm business man-agement decisions and assist in building the skills of other family members. There are a number of other capacity building needs that should be pro-vided to farmers regard-less of gender. These in-clude the development of

famer problem solving skills and adopting a ‘farming systems ap-proach’ in terms of how all of the key elements of a successful farm and business management system are developed by farmers To achieve these needs, a series of training work-shops need to be ad-dressed that aim to raise the farm business and leadership skills is re-quired (targeting farming women), whilst a ‘farming systems ap-proach’ to working with farmer groups should underpin the FNA and development of training and capacity building needs for the groups.

Empowering farming women through business leadership training

Page 3

Volume 1, Issue 1

Women attending the focus group workshops

B Y J A Y C U M M I N S

73.5% of all partici-pants were women.

If ASPIRE wants to influence change in farming practices and management at the farm level, it is important that those farmers who are involved in the training are in a position to influ-ence and manage decisions on-farm.

Battambang—Chy Pisit, 25,

is a vegetable farmer in

Kampong Chhlang village,

Sangkae district, Battam-

bang province. He does

farming on more than 2

hectares of land.

Living with his father and

other 8 members in the

family, Chy Pisit‘s family

plants various crops count-

ing from cucumber, long

bean, corn, pumpkin and

bitter gourd. He is a core

person who runs this farm

while some others do their

own business.

Before joining ASPIRE, he

faced many problems such

as choosing farming tech-

niques, land preparation,

watering systems, pet man-

agement, and also to the

impact of climate changes.

His vegetable production

often decline.

―The bad weather makes

my production down if com-

paring with the normal

weather,‖ Chy Pisit said. ―I

don‘t know how to deal

with climate change, and it

affects to my farm a lot.‖

There are 41,046 farmers

in Sangkae district, and the

ASPIRE programme al-

ready selected 766 house-

holds or equal to 3,228

farmers [1,530 Females] to

provide them with training

on agriculture.

―The ASPIRE programme

has criteria to select farm-

ers for forming a group: a

farmer who volunteers, a

permanent resident within

the village, enough labor

and also must have land for

farming,‖ Chem Chantha,

Chief of Sangkae District

Agriculture Office, said.

―We selected farmers who

want to learn new tech-

niques, especially those

which are resilient to cli-

mate change.‖

Chy Pisit is now also a

member of ASPIRE pro-

gramme, and he feels more

confidence on his farming

business.

Chy Pisit said that after he

joined ASPIRE, he has

learned how to do a drip

irrigation system, prepare

land, select seeds, imple-

ment integrated pest man-

agement, and also how to

apply fertilizer.

He mentioned that this new

techniques make his life

more easier because when

he is busy to do other stuffs

then even his sister also

possibly to help him taking

care of the farm.

―My younger sister helps

me from time to time. Be-

cause of the new techniques

that I have applied, espe-

Understanding The Market Need, All Products Will Be Sold Out

Page 4

ASPIRE Newsletter

B Y C H I M L I N N A

Continued on Page 5

The bad weather

makes my produc-

tion down if compar-

ing with the normal

weather. He faced many prob-

lems such as choos-

ing farming tech-

niques, land prepara-

tion, watering sys-

tems, pet manage-

ment, and also to the

impact of climate

changes. New techniques

make his life more

easier. 41,046 farmers in

Sangkae district,

Battambang prov-

ince.

Chy Pisit, his father and sister are in front of their house

Chy Pisit is using his drip irrigation

cially drip irrigation, even

a small boy or girl can help

using this technique,‖ Chy

Pisit said.

Chy Pisit used to grow only

two types of vegetables

but since he joined the AS-

PIRE programme, he grows

more types of vegetable

depending on market de-

mand and his income is also

better.

―My income also has dou-

bled if comparing between

before I joined ASPIRE and

Since I joined ASPIRE,‖ said

Chy Pisit.

In the ASPIRE programme,

there are various trainings

are provided to farmer,

and those trainings are con-

ducted follow to a result

coming from a Farmer

Needs Assessment.

Those training techniques

are livestock raising, rice

growing, vegetable grow-

ing and understanding mar-

ket demand as well, and

the ASPIRE programme

wants the farmer to treat

farming as a business.

―If we are talking about the

ASPIRE program, we have

clear direction to ensure

farmers produce products

that can be sold in local

and international markets

and that farmers are trans-

formed to farming as a

farm business,‖ said Chem

Chantha, Chief of Sangkae

District Agriculture Office.

and he plants various or-

ganic vegetables such as

cucumber, long beans, wa-

termelon, morning glory,

and winter melon on one

hectare of land.

During an Annual Country

Portfolio Review from 24 to

26 January 2017, organ-

ized by the Royal Govern-

Around 35 Km from the

center of Sihanoukville,

most villagers in Tropeang-

Sauy village, Andongtmor

commune, Prey Nob district,

Sihanoukville, make their

living by growing vegeta-

bles.

Mr. Kim Harv, 63, is one of

the farmers in the village,

ment of Cambodia (RGC)

and the International Fund

for Agricultural Develop-

ment (IFAD), some partici-

pants visited his farm to

study more about the mar-

ket challenges for selling

vegetables in his commune.

Understanding The Market Need, Continued from Page 4

Market competition is a big barrier for selling vegetable

Page 5

Volume 1, Issue 1

B Y C H I M L I N N A

Continued on Page 6

My income also has

doubled if compar-

ing between before

and since I joined

ASPIRE Clear direction to

ensure farmers pro-

duce products that

can be sold in local

and international

markets. Farmers are trans-

formed to farming as

a farm business

Based on observations and

interviews with some farm-

ers and vegetable sellers,

the team concluded that the

community shows good op-

portunities for marketing,

such as good infrastructure,

including access by road, a

nearby local market, and

acceptable water infra-

structure. Production is di-

versified; they can plant

rice during wet season and

other vegetables in dry

season.

Limited access to improved

agricultural techniques and

the use of traditional meth-

ods for both planting and

management are seen as

barriers for these farmers

to compete with other

vegetable marketers

(importers) in their local

market.

Producers can distinguish

the higher quality of or-

ganic local products from

imported products while

most of buyers cannot.

There is no mechanism to

ensure uniformity of com-

munity products even

though it affects market

price.

―It is hard to sell our vege-

tables because the im-

ported vegetables from

elsewhere, especially

neighboring countries, are

cheaper than ours,‖ said

Sok Sophart, 29, Vegeta-

ble Seller in Andongtmor

commune.

―The buyer prefers a cheap

product. They don‘t even

care where those vegeta-

bles are coming from,‖ she

added.

Answering the team‘s ques-

tion on how he proves to

the buyer that his products

are organic, Mr. Kim Harv

said that he grows vegeta-

bles without using chemical

substances, and he can only

show this by their better

quality compared with the

imported product.

―The organic vegetable, if

Market Competition is... Continued from Page 5

Page 6

ASPIRE Newsletter

Continued on Page 7

Community shows

good opportunities

such as infrastructure

including access

road, nearby local

market, and water

infrastructure.

Limited access to

agricultural tech-

niques and commu-

nity using traditional

methods for both

planting and man-

agement are seen as

a barrier for them to

compete with other

vegetable importers

in their local market.

The buyer prefers

cheap product, they

don‘t even care

where those vegeta-

bles coming from

Mr. Kim Harv (Left) is sitting with vegetable sellers.

talking about the cucumber,

it can be harvested after

40 days and is smaller than

a chemical one. And its

shape is not really nicer

than the imported prod-

uct,‖Mr. Kim Harv said. So

it is difficult to demand

higher prices for the or-

ganic local product.

Dr. Mak Soeun, Deputy

Director General of Gen-

eral Directorate of Agricul-

ture said that Mr. Kim Harv

or other farmers can apply

to get a Good Agricultural

Practices (GAP) certification

by asking to the Provincial

Department of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(PDAFF).

―If his vegetables meet

PDAFF selection criteria,

then we will provide GAP

stickers to stick on his prod-

uct. That way the buyer will

know his product is an or-

ganic vegetable,‖ Dr. Mak-

Soeun added.

There are only 4 middle-

men who come to collect

vegetables from farmers in

the commune and bring

them to sell in the local

market. Per day, one seller

can sell around 200 kg to

300 Kg of cucumbers for

1000 riels per Kg.

―Normally, we can sell cu-

cumbers for 1000 riel per

Kg, but when there are lots

of cucumbers on the mar-

ket , the price drops to 500

riel,‖ said Ms. Kim Houn,

33, Vegetable Seller in

Andongtmor commune.She

also mentioned that be-

tween middlemen and

Market Competition is ... Continued from Page 6

Page 7

Volume 1, Issue 1

Continued on Page 8

If his vegetables meet

to PDAFF selection

criteria, then we will

provide GAP sticker.

One seller can sell

cucumber around 200

kg to 300 kg with

1000 riels per kg.

Delegation from IFAD, ASPIRE and PADEE is discussing with Mr. Kim Harv and Vegetable Sellers

During the opening session,

H.E. Dr. HeanVannhorn said

that the exhibition should

be celebrated at least once

a year. And, even without

any support fromthe ASPIRE

programme, the exhibition

should be continued.

Phnom Penh—Under the

Agriculture Services Pro-

gramme for Innovation,

Resilience and Extension

(ASPIRE), the General Di-

rectorate of Agriculture

(GDA) organized a Na-

tional Agricultural Extension

Exhibition in Phnom Penh on

December 28, 2016.

Presided over by H.E. Dr.

Hean Vanhorn,Cambodian

Government delegate in

charge of General Direc-

torate of Agriculture

(GDA), the exhibition

aimed to collect extension

materials from relevant

stakeholders who have

been working on extension

service delivery to farmers.

On the campus of GDA,

there were 25 booths to

display the extension mate-

rials, set up by different

institutions, including Gov-

ernment Institutions, TSSD,

IRRI, FAO, CARE Interna-

tional in Cambodia, CE-

DAC, SNV, ADB, World

National Agricultural Extension Exhibition

Market Competition is ... Continued from Page 7

up some sorts, such as la-

bels or a logo that show the

origin, so all buyers know

where the products are

coming from. The middle-

men should study the mar-

ket demand in detail, and

then inform the vegetable

producer. Contract farming

between producers and

middlemen could be car-

ried out as well.

vegetable producers, there

is no contract farming.

After visiting Mr. Kim Harv‘s

farm, the team suggested

that MAFF/PDAFF will need

to support the quality as-

surance by providing rec-

ognition of certification re-

lated to organic, safe, and

GAP to farmers in the com-

mune. Farmers need more

training on Agricultural

techniques, including possi-

ble strategies for climate

resilience. Furthermore, the

middlemen need to learn

more about product promo-

tion, marketing, and market

information for agriculture.

The community should come

Page 8

ASPIRE Newsletter

B Y Y I M S O K S O P H O R S A N D C H I M L I N N A

Continued on Page 9

The middlemen need

to learn more about

the production pro-

motion, marketing,

and market informa-

tion on agriculture.

The exhibition should

be celebrated at

least one time a year.

And even though with-

out any supported by

the ASPIRE pro-

gramme, the exhibi-

tion should be contin-

ued.

There were 25 booths

to display the exten-

sion materials

Dr.H.E Hean Vanhorn is interviewing with press

The exhibition proceeded

well and it also provided

an opportunity to Depart-

ment of Agricultural Exten-

sion (DAE) team to enhance

the collaboration with other

government agencies, the

private sector, local NGOs

and International NGOs as

well as other extension ser-

vice providers. .

TheAgricultural Extension

Advisory Committee (AEAC)

of the Ministry of Agricul-

ture, Forestry and Fisheries

(MAFF) will play major role

Vision, Heifer Cambodia,

CARDI, Vimean Angkor Vita

Co. Ltd, Huy Yun Company,

Angkor Green, Village

Natural Agricultural Prod-

ucts, ASA, Hoang Long Me-

kong Group Plc., Fertilizer

Ex-M Cambodia, etc. They

also displayed many ex-

tension materials such as

banners, books, booklets,

posters, leaflets, CD/DVD

videos, and so on. There

were around 250 partici-

pants, including 93 female

participants.

in the review and endorse-

ment of the extension mate-

rials. The important goal

isto ensure good quality

extension materials are

available for Cambodian

farmers. The extension ma-

terials should integrate cli-

mate resilience, farm busi-

ness, gender mainstream-

ing, inclusion, etc. A soft-

copy of each item of exten-

sion material will be up-

loaded to the extension

web portal, www. khmera-

gri.info.

According to the National

Agricultural Extension Pol-

icy, improved quality of

extension materials is very

important for farmers to

gain climate-adaptive ca-

pacity and farm business

profitability.

National Agricultural ...Continued from Page 8

Page 9

Volume 1, Issue 1

They also displayed

many extension mate-

rials such as banners,

books, booklets, post-

ers, leaflets, CD/

DVD videos, and so

on.

There were around

250 participants in-

cluding 93 females

participated in this

event.

Improved quality of

extension materials is

very important for

farmers to gain cli-

mate adaptive ca-

pacity and profitable

farm business.

By Safiya Charles and with

additional notes from Dr.

Renato M. Lee, ASPIRE Pro-

gramme Advisor/Team

Leader and Dr. Manuel R.

Reyes, Coordinator, Sus-

tainable Intensification Inno-

vation Lab (SIIL), Center of

Excellence on Sustainable

Agricultural Intensification

and Nutrition (CE-SAIN)

As rice farmers struggle to

cope with the aftereffects

of one of the worst

droughts in Cambodia‘s

recent history and moribund

infrastructure makes it diffi-

cult to transport and sell

their products across the

country, universities here

and in the United States

are joining forces to help

farmers improve and look

to the future.

In a bid to improve cross-

sector collaboration and

strengthen institutional ca-

pacity building, the Royal

University of Agriculture

(RUA) and the United

States Agency for Interna-

tional Development (USAID)

signed an MoU yesterday

recognizing the establish-

ment of a new center

aimed at spurring innova-

tion and sustainable growth

throughout the country‘s

rapidly developing agricul-

tural sector.

According to USAID, the

Center of Excellence on

Sustainable Agricultural

Intensification and Nutrition

(CE-SAIN) will foster educa-

tion, ―cutting edge‖ agricul-

tural research and training

as well as initiate private

sector innovation and public

sector development with the

goal of improving food

and nutritional security na-

tionwide.

The project falls under

USAID‘s Feed the Future

(FTF) initiative, which works

in 19 countries to help im-

prove food security and

fuel agriculture-based inno-

vation. In total, CE-SAIN‘s

budget will amount to $3.5

million in funding over the

next five years.

One important focus of the

program will be providing

vocational and non-degree

training to farmers and

professionals in the agro-

industry, filling in technical

gaps with specialized infor-

mation.

US Ambassador to Cambo-

dia William Heidt wel-

comed the occasion as an

expansion of the two gov-

ernments‘ partnership in an

agricultural sector growing

towards modernization.

―Increasingly technology is

modernizing the agricul-

tural value chain from the

field to the table, but

there‘s still room for Cam-

bodia‘s agricultural sector

to grow further and be-

come more competitive in

the region and around the

world...[it] has the potential

to be an engine for eco-

nomic growth, rural devel-

opment and to strengthen

food security,‖ he said at

the launch.

The center will connect a

network of FTF‘s hubs or

innovation labs working in

the initiative‘s identified

zones of influence – concen-

CE-SAIN Collaborates with ASPIRE

Page 10

ASPIRE Newsletter

B Y S A F I Y A C H A R L E S

Continued on Page 11

H.E. Veng Sakhon, Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and US Ambassador to Cambodia William Heidt sign an MoU launching the Center of Excellence. US Embassy

Increasingly technol-

ogy is modernizing

the agricultural value

chain from the field to

the table, but there‘s

still room for Cambo-

dia‘s agricultural sec-

tor.

CE-SAIN will foster

education, ―cutting

edge‖ agricultural

research and training

as well as initiate pri-

vate sector innovation

and public sector de-

velopment with the

goal of improving

food and nutritional

security nationwide.

CE-SAIN‘s budget will

amount to $3.5 million

in funding over the

next five years.

CE-SAIN Collaborates ...Continued from Page 10

become the country‘s next

agricultural pioneers.

―Innovation is essential in

the potential for fostering

national economic

growth...the university

needs to [educate] students

to adhere to a culture of

research and innovation –

this will be the culture of

the new generation,‖ he

said.

Through international aca-

demic exchange programs

with US universities such as

Kansas State, Virginia Tech

and Michigan State, CE-

SAIN will attempt to foster

the exchange of knowl-

edge, research and creativ-

ity between agricultural

students and faculty from

Cambodia and abroad.

―[CE SAIN] is going to help

link the Royal University

with some of America‘s best

agricultural universities –

and that‘s important to

bring that scientific exper-

tise, the connection between

Cambodian scientists and

American scientists so that

we can improve research

here in Cambodia,‖ said

Mr. Heidt.

In addition to nurturing in-

ternational cooperation, the

program will establish five

―technology parks‖ in agro-

ecological zones in Phnom

Penh and across the prov-

inces of Battambang, Siem

Reap, Kampong Cham and

Kampong Thom.

The techno-parks will serve

to showcase new and

promising strategies and

technologies that could

benefit small-holder farm

production as well as at-

tract interaction between

the private-sector, re-

searchers and growers.

While challenges such as

building applied research,

improving post-harvest in-

frastructure and increasing

financial services in rural

areas must be faced as the

agriculture sector continues

to expand, the ambassador

said the center was just

what the industry needed.

―That‘s where this Center of

Excellence will come in, by

tapping into the knowledge

of premier universities like

the RUA. Research centers

like the one we are launch-

ing today can drive innova-

tion in agriculture by coor-

dinating research, raising

funds and connecting [that]

research to practical appli-

cations.‖

CE-SAIN and ASPIRE Part-

nership

Recently, Dr. Manuel Reyes,

Coordinator for CE-SAIN

SILL has discussed with Dr.

Renato M. Lee, ASPIRE Pro-

gramme Advisor and Team

Leader, on additional col-

laboration arrangements

with CE-SAIN and ASPIRE.

Dr. Manuel Reyes com-

mented that ―IFAD-ASPIRE

trated mainly in the prov-

inces surrounding the Tonle

Sap – on primary value

chains. The six innovation

labs include sustainable

intensification, nutrition, in-

tegrated pest management,

horticulture, livestock sys-

tems and aqua fish innova-

tion.

Michael Roberts, country

director at iDE, which runs

an innovation lab focused

on pest management and

horticulture, said the project

had the capacity to help

ensure greater collabora-

tion between labs which

have faced difficulties con-

necting and sharing knowl-

edge with innovation labs

and Cambodian institutions,

among other organizations.

―The creation of this center

is a really great idea in

terms of bringing together

all of the different research

activities that are happen-

ing because otherwise, they

could be very disjointed.

This kind of creates an op-

portunity to coordinate and

bring everything together

so that things are working

in harmony instead of all

over the place,‖ Mr. Rob-

erts said.

Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries Minister Veng

Sakhon gave the cere-

mony‘s opening speech and

emphasized the supreme

importance of the pro-

gram‘s human resources –

the RUA students who will

Page 11

ASPIRE Newsletter

Continued on Page 12

The six innovation

labs include sustain-

able intensification,

nutrition, integrated

pest management,

horticulture, livestock

systems and aqua fish

innovation.

The creation of this

center is a really

great idea in terms of

bringing together all

of the different re-

search activities that

are happening be-

cause otherwise, they

could be very dis-

jointed.

The program will es-

tablish five

―technology parks‖ in

agro-ecological zones

in Phnom Penh and

across the provinces

of Battambang, Siem

Reap, Kampong

Cham and Kampong

Thom.

and USAID CE-SAIN will do

good in Cambodia. I am

excited with our partner-

ship. The global one just

shows the extent of re-

search we have done on

CA and vegetable produc-

tion. The other three are

researches we did or are

doing in Cambodia (seed

broadcaster we succeeded

last year but will retest this

year). I am very confident

that CA will work for Cam-

bodia. Cambodia will be

the leader in CA and sus-

tainable agricultural inten-

sification and nutrition in

Southeast Asia. I know be-

cause I have seen literature

and Cambodia is the only

country this advanced and

with a growing young agri-

cultural professionals being

trained or trained in CA.‖

IFAD’s ASPIRE and

USAID’s CE-SAIN with

RUA:

The following are the addi-

tional collaboration ar-

rangements between AS-

PIRE and CE-SAIN as pro-

posed by Dr. Manuel

Reyes:

1.“Hands on certification

internship training on

‘appropriate scale mecha-

nization’ for small agricul-

tural machineries.

I just visited the CE-SAIN

Technology Park at MAFF

Bok Knor research station

and the successes of low-

land rice production under

conservation agriculture

(CA) no till mulched based

systems. As a scientist en-

gaged in this research, I

can confidently attest we

are ready to conduct train-

ing on this technology. A

major bottle neck in adop-

tion will be agricultural ma-

chinery.

1) For agricultural machin-

ery we need: capacity for

Cambodians to experien-

tially learn agricultural ma-

chineries for this new agri-

culture. Also 2) Experien-

tial CA training (science

and how to do it, and why)

needs to be packaged as a

training module.

3) enabling policies must be

done for CA adoption in

Cambodia. Note we can

package CA training for

lowland rice, CA training

for upland maize and cas-

sava and soybean and CA

training on commercial

vegetable home gardens.

All these can be done

through RUA and we can

conduct the training in the

five CE-SAIN Technology

Parks.‖

2.“Hands on certification

internship training on

mechanization for large

precision agriculture ma-

chinery.

SOMA (Cambodian owned

agricultural company) is

importing top Trimble laser

leveling machinery in Cam-

bodia and it is arriving no

later than June. In addition

they will have six meter CA

-no-tillage planters/drills

for lowland rice production.

I talked with the Head Ag-

riculture of SOMA (Rod

Bassett) and he said pri-

vate companies (not only

SOMA) will need at least

1000 highly trained Cam-

bodians to operate this

machineries and also un-

derstand CA technology.

Hence, we are proposing

identifying top graduates

from RUA and the Univer-

sity of Battambang and

other agricultural universi-

ties who can join the pri-

vate teams. We can con-

duct an internship module

(very experiential and

hands-on) and through re-

quirements by private sec-

tor, set-up this internships in

the companies. The compa-

nies can purchase agricul-

tural machineries but who

will operate them, hence

this training internship pro-

vides this opportunities. In

the beginning, trainers will

be from countries who

knows how to operate

these machineries (i.e. Aus-

tralia and USA). They will

train Cambodians who will

then be certified to do

training of other Cambodi-

ans satisfying the needs of

the private sector.‖

3. “Hands on certification

internship training on

Conservation Agriculture.

CE-SAIN Collaborates ...Continued from Page 11

Page 12

Volume 1, Issue 1

Continued on Page 13

Hands on certifica-

tion internship train-

ing on ‘appropriate

scale mechanization’

for small agricultural

machineries.

Hands on certifica-

tion internship train-

ing on mechanization

for large precision

agriculture machin-

ery.

Hands on certifica-

tion internship train-

ing on Conservation

Agriculture.

Research has been done in

Cambodia by French/

Cambodian teams and

started in 2004 and Cam-

bodia/French/US team

starting in 2010. Hence,

we are confident that CA

works. We are therefore

proposing an ASPIRE and

CE-SAIN partnership for

certified extension modules

to be developed on CA

and training trainers to

teach these modules. The

modules are EXPERIENTIAL/

ACTUAL not only classroom.

Hence it will be an intern-

ship training. MAFF sup-

ports CA, hence we can

move CA extension training

forward through ASPIRE

and CE-SAIN partnership.

We can package CA train-

ing for lowland rice, CA

training for upland maize

and cassava and soybean

and CA training on com-

mercial vegetable home

gardens. All these can be

done through RUA and we

can conduct the training in

the five CE-SAIN Technol-

ogy Parks.‖

In summary, the following

will be undertaken:

1.ASPIRE and CE-SAIN/

RUA collaborate with MAFF

on developing training

modules on small scale CA,

and CA and small machin-

eries for farmers.

2.ASPIRE and CE-SAIN/

RUA collaborate with pri-

vate sector on training

modules for large scale CA,

and CA and precision agri-

culture large scale machin-

eries.

3.CA training on lowland

rice and upland maize, cas-

sava, soybean and other

upland crops; and CA

training on commercial

vegetable home gardens in

CA and Drip Irrigation

Technologies.

Among other activities, the

project will support 1,370

Smallholder Learning

Groups (SLGs), with ap-

proximately 25 members

each, as well as about

2,500 farmers outside of

these SLGs. These groups

will be selected in three

ASPIRE (Agriculture Services

Program for Innovation,

Resilience & Extension) is

being implemented by the

Royal Government of Cam-

bodia (RGC )and the Inter-

national Fund for Agricul-

tural Development (IFAD)

beginning since March

2015. ASPIRE is planned as

a seven year national-wide

program with the objective

that by 2021 an enhanced

Cambodian Model of Agri-

culture Extension (CMAE)

adopted as policy and

demonstrated as effective

for assisting smallholder

farmers to contribute to

broad-based economic

growth through profitable

and resilient farm busi-

nesses.

phases, with 360 SLGs al-

ready formed as part of

the first cohort in 2016.

These 360 SLGs are lo-

cated in five target prov-

inces: Battambang, Kam-

pong Chhnang, Kratie,

PreahVihear and Pursat.

This baseline survey was by

Page 13

ASPIRE Newsletter

CE-SAIN Collaborates ...Continued from Page 12

SBK Bares Baseline Study Results for ASPIRE

ASPIRE and CE-SAIN/

RUA collaborate with

MAFF on developing

training modules on

small scale CA, and

CA and small machin-

eries for farmers.

ASPIRE and CE-SAIN/

RUA collaborate with

private sector on

training modules for

large scale CA, and

CA and precision ag-

riculture large scale

machineries.

ASPIRE is planned as

a seven year national

-wide program with

the objective that by

2021 an enhanced

Cambodian Model of

Agriculture Extension

(CMAE) adopted as

policy and demon-

strated as effective

for assisting small-

holder farmers to con-

tribute to broad-

based economic

growth through profit-

able and resilient

farm businesses.

B Y B E R N I E O ‘ N E I L L

Continued on Page 14

Delegation from IFAD and ASPIRE met with farmers at Kampong Chhnang province

conducted SBK Team of

Researchers among a sam-

ple of these 360 SLG mem-

bers formed as the first

cohort. Baseline surveys will

be conducted later in 2017

for the new SLGs formed

under the second cohort

and again in 2018 for the

third cohort. The sampled

SLGs for each of the three

baseline surveys will be re-

interviewed after three

years of support from the

project (i.e.in2019, 2020

and 2021 respectively) to

assess the impact.

Sample and timing

The TOR for this survey

provided for the selection

of 340 sample respondents

from among the first cohort

of 2016 SLG members. A

geographical cluster-basis

was used; 34 clusters were

randomly selected from

among the target villages

of the SLG members and

10 members were ran-

domly selected from each

cluster. A questionnaire was

developed, in collaboration

with ASPIRE secretariat and

with inputs from IFAD. This

questionnaire was adminis-

tered by a team of enu-

merators, supervisors and

quality controllers from the

consultancy firm, SBK, in

February 2017. The com-

pleted questionnaires were

entered in SPSS and this

report is the output from

the data analysis of the

responses to the question-

naire.

Summary of key findings

HH assets

A total of 1,714 different

types of assets were re-

ported by the 340 SLG

members interviewed, giv-

ing an average of just over

7 items per HH. The aver-

age value per HH for these

assets was $2,277. This

average value of assets is

quite high if compared to

the average value of assets

per HH from the baseline

and mid-term review (MTR)

surveys of the PADEE pro-

ject – at the baseline stage,

the average value was

$761 and at the MTR it

had increased to$1,176.

Land & irrigation

The majority of HHs have

agriculture land; only 8HHs

had no land. Most of the

agriculture land available

to HHs is owned by them

(90%), with the remainder

leased, borrowed or

shared. The average land

size owned by HHs is 2.91

hectares and the average

land used per HH is 3.09

hectares. Of the 332 HHs

with agriculture land, 242

HHs (73%) said they have

access to some form of irri-

gation for at least part of

their land. Compared to

other surveys conducted by

SBK in recent years, this

percentage of 73% is quite

high. For example, at the

base line survey stage of

the PADEE project, only

50% of HHs had access to

irrigation (and this had

dropped to 47% by the

mid-term review stage).

The majority of HHs irri-

gate their land from secon-

dary canals. Only 16 of the

HHs with access to irriga-

tion water pay for this wa-

ter (7.8% of HHs with irri-

gation). The forms of pay-

ment vary, with the majority

paying by the number of

hours of usage.

Agriculture production

Seven types of agriculture

production activities were

undertaken by the HH

members of the SLG mem-

SBK Bares Baseline Study ...Continued from Page 13

Page 14

Volume 1, Issue 1

A total of 1,714 dif-

ferent types of assets

were reported by the

340 SLG members

interviewed, giving

an average of just

over 7 items per HH

( Household).

The average value per

HH for these assets

was $2,277.

The majority of HHs

have agriculture land;

only 8HHs had no

land.

Continued on Page 15

bers interviewed. These

included rice production

(301 HHs), cash crops

growing(97HHs),vegetable

growing(116HHs),fruit pro-

duction(42HHs),perennial

crops (2HHs),fishing/fish

raising(48HHs)and livestock

production(296HHs).

Rice production

The majority of rice grown

is low land wet season rice

and most HHs only grew

one time in the last year. A

total of 979 hectares of

rice was produced by the

301HHs in the last year, an

average of just over 3 hec-

tares per HH. The average

cost per hectare for rice,

from land preparation

stage to harvesting and

transporting to the final

destination (home or selling

point), was just over one

million Riels. Of the 979

hectares planted, 122 hec-

tares (or 12%) was dam-

aged (or partially dam-

aged) before harvesting

from a combination of

drought, floods and insect

damage. Average yields

from the rice harvested

were 3,173 kg/hectare for

the lowland wet season and

3.449 kg/hectare for the

dry season rice. These av-

erage yields appear to be

quite good compared to

the overall average yields

in Cambodia for wet sea-

son rice but low for dry

season rice (MAFF annual

report2015-2016 gives

these averages at 2,827

kg/hectare for wet season

rice and 4,422 for dry sea-

son rice). Most of the rice

harvested was sold (almost

75%). HHs kept 19% for

consumption, almost 6% for

seed and a small portion

was given to others (less

than 1%). The average

price for rice sold was rela-

tively low (729Rielsperkg).

Cash Crop growing

Cash crops were not widely

grown by many of the SLG

members‘ HHs; only 97 HHs

(29%). Five crop types

were most prominent

among the variety of crops

grown–cassava, corn, pea-

nuts, sweet potatoes and

sesame. The total area

planted in 2016 was 96

hectares. The average cost

per hectare for most crops

was similar, at between

800,000 to 900,000 Riels,

except for peanuts which

cost over 1.3 million riels

per hectare to produce. The

average yields for these

five main crops were: cas-

sava 9,272 kg, corn 2,063

kg, peanuts 1,929kg, sweet

potatoes 6,688kg, and

sesame 479kg.

Vegetable growing

As mentioned above, 116

HHs (34%) grew some

SBK Bares Baseline Study ...Continued from Page 14

Page 15

ASPIRE Newsletter

Continued on Page 16

A total of 979 hec-

tares of rice was pro-

duced by the 301HHs

in the last year, an

average of just over 3

hectares per HH.

Cash crops were not

widely grown by

many of the SLG

members’ HHs; only

97 HHs (29%).

The average cost per

hectare for most

crops was similar, at

between 800,000 to

900,000 Riels.

kinds of vegetables.

Twenty six different types

of vegetables were grown

by these HHs. However,

nine vegetable types ac-

count for the majority of

vegetables grown. These

are Cucumber, Morning

Glory, Cabbage, Long

beans, Sponge gourd,

Pumpkin, Eggplant, Chi

Neangovong (a leafy herb),

and Wax gourd. On aver-

age HHs spent relatively

small amounts of money

on vegetable growing,

about 270,000 riels (less

than $70 per year). A total

of almost 90 tons of vege-

tables were harvested, giv-

ing an average yield of

about 1 kg for each m2

planted. In spite of rela-

tively low expenditure, but

due to low sales prices,

profits made from each of

the main vegetable types

were quite modest, aver-

aging at about 700,000

riels per HH over the last

year.

Fruit production

Fruit production was rela-

tively small scale. Only 42

HHs (12%) grew some fruit

and only 10.95 hectares

was planted in total. The

average expense per HH

was relatively small, just

under 350,000 riels ($85)

per year. A total of 29 tons

of fruit was harvested

which averaged at over 2

tons per hectare. The aver-

age income per HH was

almost 800,000 riels, giv-

ing an average profit per

HH of almost 450,000 riels

($112) for the year.

Fishing/fish raising

Only 48 HHs (14% of all

HHs) engaged in some

forms of fishing or fish rais-

ing. The majority of them

fish from natural water

sources (only 3 HH had

ponds). As those fish-

ing from Natural water

sources did not spend

money on market food, the

cost of raising fish to them

was low (just over 200,000

riels per HH). They got av-

erage income of 650,000

riels per HH in the last

year; it was less profitable

for those with ponds at only

370,000 riels/HH.

Livestock production

Of the 340 HHs inter-

viewed, 296 of them (87%)

raise some types of live-

stock. The type of animal

most commonly raised is

chickens; the next is cows.

There was a big drop in

stocks of chickens and ducks

over the year due to high

mortality rates (33% for

chickens and 20% for

ducks). HHs raising pigs

had the highest average

expenditure (1.3 million

riels/HH) but those HHs

also go the highest income

from livestock sales

(average of 3.2 million ri-

els/HH in the last year).

The average income for all

HHs raising livestock was

2.6 million riels.

Page 16

Volume 1, Issue 1

SBK Bares Baseline Study ...Continued from Page 15

The Green Revolution: As world grasps for rice, Cambodia's success story

PHNOM PENH, CAMBO-

DIA — For 30 years the

rice fields at a commune on

the outskirts of Phnom

Penh lay mostly barren and

unused, a legacy of the

Khmer Rouge, the Com-

munist regime that led al-

most 2 million Cambodians

to their death, many from

starvation.

But today Cambodia has a

rice surplus. And these

fields are incubating some

of the most advanced rice

technology in Cambodia,

under the tutelage of the

Cambodian Agricultural

Research and Development

Institute (CARDI), which

is at the center of Cambo-

dia's largely unheralded

"green" revolution.

In 10 years, beginning in

1987, by applying the tool

suite of the Green Revolu-

tion – new rice varieties,

improved irrigation, and

better fertilizer – the coun-

try has risen to a peak of

B Y D A V I D M O N T E R O

Continued on Page 17

Twenty six different

types of vegetables

were grown by these

HHs.

The average income

per HH was almost

800,000 riels, giving

an average profit per

HH of almost

450,000 riels ($112)

for the year.

The average income

for all HHs raising

livestock was 2.6 mil-

lion riels.

In 10 years, begin-

ning in 1987, by ap-

plying the tool suite of

the Green Revolution

– new rice varieties,

improved irrigation,

and better fertilizer

rice output, producing

enough rice to be self-

sufficient for the first time

in 25 years.

"It has been a big achieve-

ment for [Cambodia]," says

Men Sarom, CARDI's di-

rector. "And I think re-

search contributed a lot to

that."

The kernel of that research

was first planted in the

1960s, when scientists at

the International Rice Re-

search Institute (IRRI), a

pioneering agricultural in-

stitute based in the Philip-

pines, developed higher-

yield varieties of grain and

introduced new systems of

irrigation and fertilizer.

Thus was born the Rice

Revolution.

Of particular importance

was IR8, a rice variety that

had a yield double that of

normal rice, was less sus-

ceptible to disease and

more responsive to fertil-

izer. Dubbed the "miracle

rice," it has been credited

with averting massive fam-

ine in India, Africa, and

throughout the developing

world in the 1970s.

Cambodia is home to one

of the Green Revolution's

greatest successes. In 1969,

Cambodia's annual rice

production was 4 million

tons a year, a healthy out-

put. But by 1980, the 6

million people who had

survived the Communist

Khmer Rouge era, from

1975 to 1978, were on the

brink of starvation. By

1997, however, Cambodia

had been virtually reborn:

its rice fields were produc-

ing nearly as much rice as

they had in 1969, but on

half the land, making the

country rice self-sufficient

once again.

The rebound was the result

of a collaboration between

the Cambodian govern-

ment, the IRRI, and the

Australia government,

which together invested

millions of dollars in irri-

gation, infrastructure, and

fertilizer beginning in

1987. They also trained

1,300 scientists and sup-

port staff to revitalize the

country's agricultural sys-

tem. And the new high-

yielding rice varieties al-

lowed farmers to produce

more on less land.

Today, experts say, Cam-

bodia's yields have risen

from 1.35 tons per hectare

in 2006 to 2.5 tons per hec-

tare in 2007. It produces

The Green Revolution: As world grasps ...Continued from Page 16

Page 17

ASPIRE Newsletter

Continued on Page 18

A pioneering agricul-

tural institute based in

the Philippines, de-

veloped higher-yield

varieties of grain and

introduced new sys-

tems of irrigation and

fertilizer.

A rice variety that

had a yield double

that of normal rice,

was less susceptible

to disease and more

responsive to fertil-

izer.

Today, experts say,

Cambodia's yields

have risen from 1.35

tons per hectare to 2.5

tons per hectare.

enough to export – more

than a million tons during

that year – but recently

imposed export controls to

ensure it has enough for its

own people.

Still, as Cambodia also

illustrates, scientific ad-

vances will only take rice

production so far. Al-

though Cambodia's yields

have doubled in the last 30

years, they are only almost

half that of Thailand and

Laos (where better soil

conditions, seed varieties,

climate and management

make for higher outputs).

Meanwhile, weeds here

still cause rice yield losses

of up to 30 percent, and

poor seed quality in some

areas means that 160,000

tons of rice rot every year,

according to a report by the

IRRI.

"There are still many prob-

lems that need to be ad-

dressed – problems from

climate change and market

changes," say Mr. Sarom.

Scientists also warn that

the amount of land being

farmed – especially in the

developing world – has not

increased substantially in

the last two decades. Urban

sprawl and industrial de-

velopment continue to

compete for farmland.

"Even here in Thailand [the

world's largest exporter of

rice], even if they wanted

to, they can't produce more

rice. There isn't much more

farmland, and the produc-

tion level is also already

pretty high," says Paul Ris-

ley, a spokesman for the

World Food Program in

Thailand.

The recent global food cri-

sis has sharply underlined

that, despite the Green

Revolution's benefits,

many countries are simply

not able to produce enough

food for their exploding

populations.

But even if the biggest pro-

duction advances have al-

ready been achieved, that

doesn't mean scientists are

giving up.

CARDI, continues to de-

velop new varieties that

can produce better quality

rice and withstand inclem-

ent weather. Sarom says

research is already pointing

the way to higher rice

yields. "In America and

Australia, you have yields

of six to eight tons of rice

per hectare. Why not here?

We still have the potential

to increase productivity,"

he says.

Page 18

Volume 1, Issue 1

The Green Revolution: As world grasps ...Continued from Page 17

Continued on Page 19

Although Cambodia's

yields have doubled

in the last 30 years,

they are only almost

half that of Thailand

and Laos.

The recent global

food crisis has

sharply underlined

that, despite the

Green Revolution's

benefits, many coun-

tries are simply not

able to produce

enough food for their

exploding popula-

tions.

Even if the biggest

production advances

have already been

achieved, that doesn't

mean scientists are

giving up.

And around the world, re-

search still offers the prom-

ise of better yields. For

example, hybrid rice, a

blend of three kinds of rice,

grows faster, is more dis-

ease resistant, and pro-

duces 20 percent higher

yields. Hybrids are only

just starting to catch on:

800,000 hectares were

planted in Asia outside of

China between 2001-02,

but only 1,000 in Indone-

sia, for example, and only

20,000 in Bangladesh, ac-

cording to the Food and

Agricultural Organization

of the United Nations

(FAO). The expanded use

of hybrids has particular

promise for food security,

the FAO adds.

The current food crisis may

be creating an investment

environment for a second

Green Revolution, some

analysts say. By averting

massive famine, the first

Green Revolution helped

create an impression

among world leaders that

investments in agriculture

were no longer as vital.

Many countries stopped

spending on agricultural

development. That may be

starting to change as Ma-

laysia, the Philippines, and

China have in recent weeks

announced plans to boost

Page 19

Volume 1, Issue 1

The Green Revolution: As world grasps ...Continued from Page 18

The current food cri-

sis may be creating

an investment envi-

ronment for a second

Green Revolution,

some analysts say.

By averting massive

famine, the first

Green Revolution

helped create an im-

pression among

world leaders that

investments in agri-

culture were no

longer as vital.

Center of Excellence on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Nutrition at Royal University of Agriculture USAID Cambodia Mission through Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation

Lab

Goal: To create a Center

of Excellence on Sustain-

able Agricultural Intensifi-

cation and Nutrition (CE

SAIN) that will foster pri-

vate sector innovation, ag-

ricultural research, educa-

tion, and training, and pub-

lic sector capacity building

through improved collabo-

ration and knowledge

sharing focused on improv-

B Y M A N N Y R E Y E S

Continued on Page 20

ing food and nutritional

security in Cambodia.

To meet this goal a plat-

form will be developed

where scientists and practi-

tioners from academia,

government agencies, non-

governmental agencies and

private companies can

showcase their cutting edge

technologies on sustainable

agricultural intensification

and nutrition to citizens,

policy makers and donor

agencies. CE-SAIN will be

the focal point for activities

of Feed the Future Innova-

tion Labs (ILs) in Cambodia

and their partners, which

will include education, re-

search, communication and

knowledge sharing, train-

ing, capacity building, and

nutrition and gender stud-

ies. This center will foster

the culture of innovation,

leverage on-going activities

and partners by playing a

coordinating role between

ILs, USAID/Cambodia, do-

nors, and national public

and private sector partners.

Target Location of Center:

CE-SAIN will be housed at

the Royal University of Ag-

riculture (RUA). The re-

search and innovation net-

work (hubs) will be created

under the auspice of CE-

SAIN at multiple locations.

CE-SAIN objectives are:

1.Coordinate and Lever-

age Feed the Future Inno-

vation Lab Activities

Six FtF Innovation Labs (ILs)

are currently active in Cam-

bodia and working in the

identified zone of influ-

ences (ZoI) on primary

value chains identified the

FtF-Cambodia. These in-

clude: Sustainable Intensifi-

cation Innovation Lab, Hor-

ticulture Innovation Lab,

Integrated Pest Manage-

ment Innovation Lab,

AquaFish Innovation Lab,

Nutrition Innovation Lab,

and Livestock Systems Inno-

vation Lab. The common

goal of the ILs is to conduct

research and capacity

building activities to ad-

dress food and nutritional

security in Cambodia. Some

of these ILs have proven

technologies that are ready

for scaling by developmen-

tal partners. However,

there is a lack of coordina-

tion between ILs, USAID/

Cambodia, and Cambo-

dian institutions and other

partners to communicate

and share knowledge. This

has been due to the limited

scope of the ILs‘ activities,

which did not include re-

sources for the transaction

costs associated with com-

municating and collaborat-

ing with ILs and organiza-

tions outside of their pri-

mary partnerships. Local

universities and research

organizations also have

limited resources to better

utilize and leverage IL ac-

tivities to improve their own

research and training ca-

pacity. Therefore, CE-SAIN

will be the hub for lever-

aging, synergizing, and

coordinating of Innovation

Labs, other donor projects

and public and private in-

stitutions on ‗sustainable

agricultural intensification

and nutrition‘ theme.

2.Build human and institu-

tional capacity of the

Royal University of Agri-

culture

As Cambodia‘s primary

agricultural university, RUA

provides an important focal

point for capacity develop-

ment on research, educa-

tion, and administration. CE

- SAIN will draw on the

expertise and outputs of

the ILs, that could

strengthen the capacity of

RUA in several areas:

i. Increase faculty educa-

tion, research and extension

capacity through long term

training and degree en-

hancement.

ii. Create a business/

innovation incubator associ-

ated with RUA to better

train and connect students

and faculty to private sec-

tor agri-business networks.

The mission-supported inno-

vATE project, primarily fo-

cused on capacity building

activities, could provide

essential support.

iii. Foster a rich opportunity

for strengthening RUA‘s

capacity to deliver voca-

tional and non-degree

training to extension pro-

fessionals, government and

NGO employees, and

Center of Excellence on Sustainable ...Continued from Page 19

Page 20

ASPIRE Newsletter

Continued on Page 21

This center will foster

the culture of innova-

tion, leverage on-

going activities

CE-SAIN will be the

hub for leveraging,

synergizing, and co-

ordinating of Innova-

tion Labs

farmers through the many

US universities involved in

Innovation Lab activities.

This would fill specific gaps

in the knowledge of work-

ing professionals and farm-

ers.

iv. Provide technical exper-

tise and research opportu-

nities in the areas of sus-

tainable agricultural inten-

sification and nutrition re-

lated to horticulture, rice,

livestock and aquaculture

production. Technical areas

will likely include geospa-

tial analysis (GIS), mechani-

zation, nutrition, pest man-

agement, agricultural eco-

nomics and marketing, and

soil health.

v. Develop educational

programs (courses, curricu-

lum, and training) for sec-

ondary and tertiary stu-

dents.

3. Establish a Technology

Park to showcase high-

potential strategies and

technologies that sustaina-

bly intensify smallholder

agriculture production sys-

tems

Technology Parks have

been successfully estab-

lished by other USAID pro-

jects to demonstrate new

Center of Excellence on Sustainable ...Continued from Page 20

Page 21

Volume 1, Issue 1

and promising technologies

and strategies, attract pri-

vate-sector participation

within research and farmer

networks, and to organize

innovation fairs, field days,

and workshops. Technology

Parks offer the opportunity

to demonstrate individual

technologies within a sys-

tems context in a field set-

ting. CE-SAIN will build five

technology parks in differ-

ent agro-hydro-ecological

zones in Cambodia located

in Battambang, Kampong

Thom, Kampong Cham,

Siem Reap and in Phnom

Penh.

Technology Parks

offer the opportunity

to demonstrate indi-

vidual technologies

within a systems con-

text in a field setting.

CE-SAIN will build

five technology parks

in different agro-

hydro-ecological

zones in Cambodia

located in Battam-

bang, Kampong

Thom, Kampong

Cham, Siem Reap and

in Phnom Penh.

Published in English Prepared and Printed in 2017 by:

ASPIRE Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

(MAFF) Funded by:

Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) And International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD)

Volume 1, Issue 1 January-June , 2017

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Agriculture Services Programme For Innovation, Resilience and Extension (ASPIRE) # 200, Preah Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia Phone: (+855) 23 22 11 20 E-mail: linna@consultant.com Website: www.aspirekh.org https://www.facebook.com/groups/aspire855/

Contact